نطنز یکی از قدیمیترین زیستگاههای کویری ایران، شهری با سازمان فضایی مبتنیبر باغشهر بوده که بهدلایل مختلفی ازجمله دورافتادن از آزادراه جدید شرق اصفهان، خشکسالی، تغییرات اقلیمی و توسعة صنعتی غیرمکانمند مبتنیبر سود اقتصادی صرف، رونق خود را از دست داده است. این پژوهش قصد دارد با روش مطالعة اسناد کتابخانهای و بهرهمندی از بازدید میدانی و مصاحبة آزاد با کارشناسان، شهروندان و مدیران شهری، دلیل ناسازگاری توسعه با بستر میزبان آن را بررسی کند. یافتة حاصل نشان میدهد در صورتی میتوان توسعة صنعتی پایدار و متوازن داشت که به تطبیق مقیاسِ توسعة صنعتی با مقیاس پتانسیلها و ظرفیتهای بستر آن، اعم از ظرفیتهای کالبدی-مادی بستر و هم ظرفیت اذهان جامعة محلی در پذیرابودن توسعه، بهعنوان یکی از ارکان اصلی توسعة مکانمند توجه ویژه شود، در غیر این صورت توسعة زیانهای جبران ناپذیری به بستر خود خواهد زد. آنچه در نطنز باعث تخریب باغات و بهتبع آن سازمان فضایی مبتنیبر ساختار باغشهری آن شد.
Economic growth, development, planning, Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology
Herbson Ismael Honório Luz, Vitor Hugo Miro Couto Silva, Marcos Paulo Mesquita da Cruz
O Ceará é o maior produtor de caju, tanto de polpa (pedúnculo) quanto de castanha. Como toda atividade agrícola, a cajucultura tem riscos próprios (clima, preço, disponibilidade de insumos e produção sazonal) que demandam um olhar mais cuidadoso no planejamento e na condução da empresa agrícola. Uma das ferramentas para melhorar as tomadas de decisão por parte dos agentes econômicos da cadeia produtiva agrícola é o conhecimento das causas da flutuação dos preços dos produtos comercializados. Por meio de modelos de regressão linear simples, foram decompostas uma série de preços de castanha de caju em casca paga ao produtor, de janeiro de 2014 a setembro de 2021, e de preços de castanha de caju beneficiada pagos no atacado, de junho de 2014 a setembro de 2021. Os modelos de regressão para as duas séries de preços mostraram uma tendência de decrescimento. No entanto, o coeficiente linear dos preços ao produtor foi estatisticamente não significativo. Portanto, há tendência de estabilidade. A previsão de preços para setembro de 2022, com base nos modelos de regressão e levando em conta o fator sazonal, indica o valor de R$ 4,83/Kg para a castanha em casca (produtor). Para a castanha beneficiada, dado o fator de sazonalidade, o preço chegou a R$ 34,02/Kg.
Ecological friendliness and ecological consumption are closely linked to an ecological awareness. Ecological consumption is often seen as ethical, sustainable, and responsible consumption, which is linked to environmental preservation, consumer awareness and responsibility, and consumption reduction. A similar view is expressed by various authors, who link green consumption to consumer behavioral factors, i.e., the consumer’s willingness to purchase and consume green products, the ecological benefits of green consumption and ecological concerns. There is a tendency in the scientific literature that there is no consensus on the relationship between attitudes and behavior, and that ecologically aware consumers’ positive attitudes towards ecology may not always be attributable to their intention to purchase or their purchasing behavior. The analysis presented in this paper suggests that the attitudes of the ecologically aware are shaped by personal and functional factors, while the attitudes of ecologically aware older adolescents have an impact on purchase intention, which may have a direct influence on consumption behavior.
Paulo Duarte, Cristina Estevão, Ana María Campón-Cerro
et al.
The hospitality and travel sector has been one of the most affected sectors by Covid-19, which has resulted in a significant increase in the literature addressing the impact of the health crisis on tourism activities and tourists’ perceptions and behaviours. Traditionally, socio-demographic variables have been instrumental in understanding consumers’ needs and desires. However, during the pandemic, it has been unveiled that social and economic profiles have started to influence how tourists make decisions. Since studies on the changes in hotel choice during and after Covid-19 are still scarce, this article aims to assess the influence of socio-demographic variables on hotel choice based on data collected during the peak phase of the Covid-19 pandemic. A quantitative study was conducted using an online questionnaire that reached an international sample of 1113 individuals. The ANOVA and the t-test analysis results point out that socio-demographic variables under study are responsible for several differences in the evaluation of hotels. These findings reinforce socio-demographic attributes’ capability to understand customers’ preferences and decision-making despite the context.
Field-based geologic maps, which are among the most valuable tools of communication among geoscientists, can be expensive and time-consuming to produce or manually revise. We have found that some geologic maps faithful to the topographic maps available at the time the geologic maps were made can have discrepancies with modern digital elevation models produced using airborne lidar. For example, a resistant sandstone shown to align with a prominent set of cliffs on the original topographic base map may be noticeably distant from the same cliffs on the modern digital elevation model. We describe a workflow for the registration of legacy geologic map raster images to modern digital elevation models based on non-affine transformation of a legacy digital elevation model serving as a proxy for the analog topographic contours shown on the geologic map. We demonstrate our approach using three 1960s era 7.5′ geologic quadrangle maps and early generation digital elevation models digitized from photogrammetric contours of similar vintage, showing that the method yields improved fidelity between the legacy geologic map and obvious topographic features as depicted on modern lidar digital elevation models, thus improving the long-term utility and value of the geologic map data.
Nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiONPs) induced liver fibrosis, while its mechanisms associated with transcriptome remained unclear. This study aimed to investigate the roles of differentially expressed (DE) messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in NiONPs-induced liver fibrosis, and further confirm whether JNK/c-Jun pathway enriched by the DE RNAs was involved in the regulation of the disease. A liver fibrosis rat model was established by intratracheal perfusion of NiONPs twice a week for 9 weeks. Whole-transcriptome sequencing was applied to obtain expression profiles of mRNAs, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) in the model rat and control liver tissues. Comparing the RNA expression profiles of the model and control liver tissues, we identified 324 DE mRNAs, 129 DE lncRNAs, 24 DE miRNAs and 33 DE circRNAs, and the potential interactions among them were revealed by constructing two co-expression networks, including lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA and circRNA–miRNA–mRNA networks. Using RT-qPCR, we verified the sequencing results of some RNAs in the networks and obtained similar expression profiles, indicating our sequencing results were reliable and referable. Through Gene Ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, we predicted the biological functions and signaling pathways potentially related to NiONPs-induced liver fibrosis, such as “positive regulation of JNK cascade”, “inflammatory response”, “transcription factor binding”, and MAPK, Wnt, PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. JNK/c-Jun pathway, a subclass of MAPK signal, was selected for further investigation because it was significantly enriched by fibrosis-related DE genes and activated in animal models. In vitro, we detected the cytotoxicity of NiONPs on LX-2 cells and treated the cells with 5 μg/ml NiONPs for 12 h. The results showed NiONPs induced the up-regulated protein expression of fibrotic factors collagen-1a1 (Col-1a1) and matrix metalloproteinas2 (MMP2) and JNK/c-Jun pathway activation. While these effects were reversed after JNK/c-Jun pathway was blocked by SP600125 (JNK pathway inhibitor), indicating the pathway was involved in NiONPs-induced excessive collagen formation. In conclusion, our results revealed the DE mRNAs and ncRNAs played crucial roles in NiONPs-induced liver fibrosis, and JNK/c-Jun pathway mediated the development of the disease.
The troposphere is one of the atmospheric layers where most weather phenomena occur. Temperature variations in the troposphere, especially at 500 hPa, a typical level of the middle troposphere, are significant indicators of future weather changes. Numerical weather prediction is effective for temperature prediction, but its computational complexity hinders a timely response. This paper proposes a novel temperature prediction approach in framework of physics-informed deep learning. The new model, called PGnet, builds upon a generative neural network with a mask matrix. The mask is designed to distinguish the low-quality predicted regions generated by the first physical stage. The generative neural network takes the mask as prior for the second-stage refined predictions. A mask-loss and a jump pattern strategy are developed to train the generative neural network without accumulating errors during making time-series predictions. Experiments on ERA5 demonstrate that PGnet can generate more refined temperature predictions than the state-of-the-art.
Les sols morainiques du land de Brandebourg présentent une forte hétérogénéité pédologique liée aux apports fluctuants de sédiments glaciaires et fluvio-glaciaires au cours du temps. De par leur nature sableuse, l'exploitation agricole et horticole de ces sols nécessite une irrigation soutenue dans un contexte d'accès aux ressource en eau de plus en plus restreint. Dans cet article, les auteurs font un point critique des différentes stratégies d'économie d'eau en irrigation menées au cours des dernières années, avec pour certaines expériences innovantes des résultats plus ou moins concluants liés notamment aux épisodes de sécheresses récurrents de 2018 et 2019.
Using the Seoul National University Earth System Model Version 0 (SEM0) and Community Earth System Model version 1 (CESM1), we analyzed the impacts of El Niño-Southern oscillation (ENSO) and Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) on the genesis of tropical cyclones (TG). SEM0 is known to simulate ENSO, MJO, and TG reasonably well, all of which are difficult to simulate with general circulation models (GCMs). Observational analysis revealed that both ENSO and MJO have substantial impacts on global TG and that the impact of ENSO (MJO) on regional TG varies in a complex manner depending on the phase of MJO (ENSO). Both GCMs underestimate the observed TG over the North Atlantic and have relatively poor performance for simulating the TG anomalies associated with ENSO compared to simulating those associated with MJO. Overall, SEM0 shows much better performance than CESM1 in terms of reproducing the observed impacts of MJO and combined impacts of ENSO and MJO on TG. Therefore, SEM0 can serve as a useful tool for studying the interactions among them to improve the forecasting of tropical cyclones.
Context: The present investigation was carried out in the Department of Physical Education and Recreation of the University of Camagüey, Cuba, in the academic year 2018 - 2019. Objective: to design a methodology to evaluate the physical fitness tests of the students of the aforementioned university in a more individual and personalized way, contributing to their satisfaction and motivation for physical activity. Method: Addresses the issue of physical fitness tests as an important evaluative aspect within the curriculum of the subject and the need to improve the evaluation of this aspect. The research arises from the need to efficiently evaluate the students who improved their physical condition and even so, they did not have a quantitative improvement in their overall assessment by not complying with existing regulations. Results: The results of the implementation of this methodology showed a much more accurate verdict on the situation of the physical condition of the students, improved their motivation to carry out physical activity and expressed their satisfaction when their effort was recognized with a fairer evaluation. Conclusions: the work shows an alternative for the personalized evaluation of the physical condition according to the individual characteristics of the students and in tune with the demands of the new study plan in force in Cuba.
IVAN VILELA ANDRADE FIORINI, Cassiano Spaziani Pereira, HELCIO DUARTE PEREIRA
et al.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Nitrogen (N) liberated by the early soybean straw, inoculated in function of dosage and application means of the inoculant, over the vegetative growth and grain yield of second crop corn, in succession. The hybrid corn Land® was sowed in January 1st, 2017 over the soybean straw from a former experiment in Sinop (MT). The trial design used was randomized blocks (DBC) with four replications and ten treatments. For the soybean treatments: witness without N application (only inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum and B. elkanii); for the other treatments, it has been applied the dosage of 10 kg ha-1 of N in different phenological stages and ways of application (by haul at sowing; in V2 by haul and leaf fertilization; in V4 by haul and leaf fertilization; in R1 by haul and leaf fertilization; in R2 by haul and leaf fertilization). Plant height, stalk diameter, total chlorophyll and grain yield were evaluated. The N mineralization from the soybean straw is not enough to fulfill the corn N demand. Even though there were no significant differences among the treatments, the N application in V2 and R1 stages, by topdressing on former soybean, provided the highest grain yield of corn.
N. T. R. J. M. Jonkman, E. D. Kooijman, K. Kalbitz
et al.
<p>In Kisumu up to 60 % of the inhabitants practice some
form of urban agriculture, with just under 50 % of the workers being
female. On average, women spend more hours a day in the gardens than men.
Therefore women's knowledge is pivotal for effective agricultural
management. To enhance and better use women's knowledge, gender-related
sociocultural obstacles linked to land ownership, investment, and farm
inputs have to be taken into account. We aimed to determine how the
agricultural knowledge and motivations of female farmers working in the
Nyalenda urban gardens in Kisumu (Kenya) influence the soil nutrient status
as reflected by the total soil C and N; available soil N and P; and
exchangeable soil Na, K, Mg, and Ca. Two prevailing practices were compared
to determine how the agricultural management practice influences soil
nutrient content: (1) applying manure only and (2) applying manure while
intercropping with cowpeas. Interviews and focus group discussions were held
to explore the agricultural knowledge and motivations of the women working
in Nyalenda. Soil analysis showed that the soil in Nyalenda was rich in
nutrients overall but that the intercropped fields contained significantly
lower total soil nutrients than fields where only manure was applied. While
theoretically intercropping with a legume such as cowpeas should increase
soil N content, due to socioeconomic factors, such as poverty,
intercropping was applied in a way that did not increase soil nutrient
contents; rather it diversified revenue. The knowledge of the female farmers
was found to be limited to practical and sensory knowledge. This shows that
when aiming to improve soil nutrient status and agricultural yields through
agricultural training, socioeconomic conditions, cultural context, and gendered knowledge differentiation have to be acknowledged.</p>
This work describes the main findings of an experimental program focused on the characterization of the mechanical anisotropy of a reinforced cohesive soil using a cubical triaxial apparatus. Several authors have studied the influence of geometry, type, number and arrangement of reinforcement layers on the mechanical behaviour of reinforced soils, mainly dedicated to evaluate the improvement of stiffness and strength. The influence of anisotropy and principal intermediate stress has not been addressed. Conventional triaxial cell (axisymmetric) and pull-out tests are the most common type of devices used in the present studies. The implementation of an experimental program using a cubical triaxial apparatus allows us to consider all the aspects mentioned before, mainly those related to an anisotropic characterization and the principal intermediate stress influence on stress-strain and strength behaviour. Results obtained in this work, show that reinforced soil is a cross-anisotropic material, and its stress-strain and strength behaviour is strongly influenced in sectors I (lode angle between 0° and 60°) and II (lode angle between 60° and 120°) of the octahedral plane. Thus, a complete characterization of geogrid reinforced soil can be made selecting an appropriate set of stress paths in the cubical apparatus.
Helder Guillermo Aldas Arcos, Rosa María Tabares Arevalo, Yaneisy González Espino
In some cases, professors blame research training on the discipline of Research Methodology, oriented at the beginning or end of careers. However, in Ecuador this issue has been little discussed. The present study evidences some difficulties related to the formation of investigative abilities in universities of the Ecuadorian context, specifically the race of Physical Culture. Results are compiled through the application of methods such as documentary analysis (curricula of the main Ecuadorian universities 2014), analysis and synthesis (during the whole process under study) surveys of students and graduates attending the III International Congress of Education Curriculum Planning Physics and Planning of Sports Training, held in Riobamba Ecuador UNACH, in 2014. Likewise, interviews were applied to professionals of the fourth level. In the development is theorized on the state of the art, from the conceptions given by scholars on the subject.
The paper presents a critical overview of recent theories in anthropology, particularly following Ortner’s groundbreaking 1984 summary, as well as debates opened up by the Writing Culture symposium and the book that followed (Clifford and Marcus 1986). Beginning with Ortner’s theory of practice, the author presents basic elements of several theoretical currents that influenced anthropology’s development in the last few decades, with particular emphasis on the use of the concept of culture. Post-1980s years provided for increased visibility of other anthropologies, outside of traditional “centers” of anthropological knowledge (i.e. Anglo-American, French and German anthropologies).Some representatives of these traditions, together with certain modifications of structuralism, aided by representatives of the “deconstructionˮ movement (especially in France), additionally influenced the self-questioning in contemporary anthropology, leading gradually to what is sometimes referred to the “ontological turnˮ in contemporary anthropology, exemplified by the Brazilian anthropologist Eduardo Viveiros de Castro. Representatives of this “turn” also see themselves as successors of the theory of practice. The author points to some serious implications of this “turnˮ – including pushing anthropology into the realm of pseudo-science, and making it completely irrelevant for understanding and interpretation of the contemporary world.
During the last decades, the cross-border industrial area of "Longwy-Athus-Rodange" (located between France, Belgium and Luxembourg along the Chiers valley), has undergone profound economic and spatial changes. During the golden age of the mining and steel industry the area experienced urban growth. Changes in the mode of production from the mid 1960s, however, signified the beginning of a structural crisis in the steel industry. As a response, the three national governments agreed on a common strategy in order to boost the economy in the Chiers valley. However, the results of this policy were not up to the expectations and the conditions of urban growth have changed since then. The aim of this study is to examine the evolution of interactions between cities and industries in the cross-border area of "Longwy-Athus-Rodange" using a chronological approach. Our analysis reveals an increasing spatial differentiation along two scales: firstly, between cities on each side of the national borders and secondly, between the industrial areas and the emerging metropolis of Luxembourg City transforming the mono-industrial area into a periphery. This also suggests that national borders play an even more powerful role of differentiation than in the industrial period despite the increasing integration of the European Union.
On the face of it, an exploration of the idea of the "native" in anthropological discourse may not appear to have much to do with the genealogy of the idea of hierarchy. But I wish to argue that hierarchy is one of an anthology of images in and through which anthropologists have frozen the contribution of specific cultures to our understanding of the human condition. Such metonymic freezing has its roots in a deeper assumption of anthropological thought regarding the boundedness of cultural units and the confinement of the varieties of human consciousness within these boundaries. The idea of the "native" is the principal expression of this assumption, and thus the genealogy of hierarchy needs to be seen as one local instance of the dynamics of the construction of natives. Although the term native has a respectable antiquity in Western thought and has often been used in positive and self-referential ways, it has gradually become the technical preserve of anthropologists. Although some other words taken from the vocabulary of missionaries, explorers, and colonial administrators have been expunged from anthropological usage, the term native has retained its currency, serving as a respectable substitute for terms like primitive, about which we now feel some embarrassment. Yet the term native, whether we speak of "native categories," or "native belief-systems" or "native agriculture," conceals certain ambiguities. We sense this ambiguity, for example, in the restricted use of the adjective nativistic, which is typically used not only for one sort of revivalism, but for revivalism among certain kinds of population. Who is a "native" (henceforth without quotation marks) in the anthropological usage? The quick answer to this question is that the native is a person who is born in (and thus belongs to) the place the anthropologist is observing or writing about. This sense of the word native is fairly narrowly, and neutrally, tied to its Latin etymology. But do we use the term native uniformly to refer to people who are born in certain places and, thus, belong to them? We do not. We have tended