Hasil untuk "History of scholarship and learning. The humanities"

Ali Saleh Mohammad Al-Attas

 The study aimed to examine the role of reading comprehension strategies to enhance the language of university students in the writing skill derived from the summary of comprehension reading. Teaching skills of skimming and scanning to search vital vocabulary in a sentence of paragraph structure facilitate the complexity of text and improve the students’ ability to write completed paragraph. The research focused on equipping students with skills to extract information derived from text reading to writing purpose. Due to its linguistic and educational needs, Education in Socotra was the ideal setting to evaluate the effectiveness of targeted reading-to-writing intervention. A pre-experimental design was adopted with a single group of 16 students who participated in a three-month intervention. A mixed-methods approach gathered data from a single group through a closed-ended comprehension questionnaire and an opened-ended summary question on the paragraph writing before and after the treatment. The students’ performances analyzed at comprehension text and pattern of summarization. Results showed that teaching techniques positively impacted students’ comprehension and summarization skills, with an 82% success rate in paragraph writing as a reflection of writing skills. Post-test scores improved significantly (74.3%) compared to pre-test scores (45.7%). Statistics revealed a strong correlation (79%) between CT and SPW. That strategic vocabulary-focused reading applied demonstrated the language abilities in the quality writing. It concluded that targeted reading to writing approach in EFL education supports sustainable development of language ability in non-native speakers setting.

Carla Patricia Ariza, Lili María Aaron Zubiria, Bertha Cristina Orozco Daza

La Agenda 2030 propuesta por Naciones Unidas firmada en el año 2015 por la mayoría de los Estados del mundo, promueve el estado de bienestar de la población, la solución a la crisis climática y minimizar los impactos ambientales que han venido ocurriendo en el imperante modelo productivo global. El nivel de logro de la agenda no marcha a la par de lo establecido en los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenibles-ODS, por ello, esta investigación –de corte cualitativa y exploratoria de documentos valorados críticamente- realiza una reflexión propositiva del papel de la universidad en los próximos años para generar una cultura ambiental que contribuya a dar aportes a las metas de la Agenda 2030. Es necesario para ello, el debate y generación de una cultura bioética de todos los actores universitarios y grupos de impactos. Se debe superar la inercia en el trabajo contributivo de logros ambientales y ecológicos, para ir hacia una universidad propositiva y accionante en generación de conocimientos y tecnologías para procesos productivos sostenibles.

Elio Attilio Baldi

Questo testo introduce la sezione tematica su Italo Calvino, sezione tematica con sei contributi (quattro articoli, un'intervista a quattro ricercatrici e una nuova traduzione in olandese).

Raysan Hatim, Thuraya Al-Khazraji

تبرز أهمية الاستثمار الأجنبي في اقتصاديات الدول كافة باعتباره شكل من أشكال التمويل البديل للقروض الخارجية أو المديونية، لذا فإن الدول تسعى إلى منح تسهيلات وحوافز وتهيئة مناخ ملائم بهدف جذب الاستثمار الأجنبي إليها. إن الدول النامية خاصة ترغب باللحاق بمسار التطور وتحقيق التنمية وتعمل بجدية بجذب الاستثمار الأجنبي وتوظيفه في مشاريع التنمية الاقتصادية. أما السياسة النقدية هي أحد المحددات المهمة للاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر وذلك عن طريق مؤشراتها المتضمنة (أسعار الصرف، أسعار الفائدة، التضخم) لأن كل من هذه المؤشرات له دور أساسي في تحفيز الاقتصاد للاتجاه نحو تدفق الاستثمار الأجنبي، فنجد أن سعر الصرف هو أحد وأهم متغيرات سياسة الانفتاح الاقتصادي وبما له من قوة تأثير في الاقتصاد الكلي (التجارة، تدفقات رؤوس الأموال، الاستثمار الأجنبي، الاحتياطي العالمي، التحويلات المالية). أما معدل التضخم يمثل مؤشر الاستقرار للاقتصاد المحلي وأن التغيرات في معدلات التضخم تؤثر على قرار الاستثمار ويكون لها أثر سلبي في جذب الاستثمار الأجنبي. وبالنسبة لمعدلات الفائدة فإن ارتفاعه في الدولة سيؤدي إلى جذب المستثمر الأجنبي. أما فيما يتعلق بإقليم كوردستان نجد أن هناك إرادة ورؤية إلى ضرورة جذب الاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر والعمل على تهيئة الظروف المناسبة والمستلزمات الضرورية التي ستساهم في تدفق الاستثمار الأجنبي ورؤوس الأموال إلى الإقليم. بالإضافة إلى ذلك فقد تزامنت رغبة الاقتصاد في العراق عموماً وفي الإقليم بصورة خاصة على تطبيق مبدأ الإصلاح الاقتصادي والتكيف الهيكلي كأحد وصفات للمؤسسات الدولية مثل صندوق النقد الدولي IMF والبنك الدولي IB لغرض تحقيق معدلات عالية من النمو في البلدان النامية وتهيئة مناخ مناسب لتطبيق مبدأ آلية السوق والخروج من مبدأ المركزية في الاقتصاد. وعملياً بدأت عمليات الإصلاح الاقتصادي بعد عام 2003 وقد ساعدت إلى حد ما فتح الأبواب في اقتصاد الإقليم خصوصاً لتدفق الاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر والذي ساهم إلى حد ما في حصول معدلات نمو اقتصادي ملحوظ مع الرغبة من قبل صناع القرار في إقليم كوردستان بتحقيق معدلات نمو أعلى تقود إلى مزيد من التنمية الاقتصادية والتطور في الإقليم.

Ximena Sepúlveda Varas, Iván Valderrama Aguayo

El presente ensayo plantea como tesis la existencia de una responsabilidad ontológica de las universidades latinoamericanas, en cuanto instituciones validadoras del saber, que les demanda configurarse como espacios de encuentro y promotores de diálogos críticos sustentados en epistemologías contextualizadas. En el desarrollo del trabajo se busca proponer claves conceptuales que tributen a rearticular la institucionalidad universitaria tensionando sus bordes (Walsh, 2010:209) y porosidades para co-construir políticas institucionales y educativas contrahegemónicas. Finalmente se concluye haciendo un llamado a la imperiosa necesidad de construir espacios de encuentro horizontales y abiertos a las diversas comunidades que coexisten dentro de los distintos espacios académicos, relevando su naturaleza barroca-polifónica como instancias generadoras de conocimiento socioculturalmente contextualizado y qué atiende a transformar la realidad de dominio jerárquico de los distintos saberes reproducidos en los distintos espacios de poder intelectual y académico.

Rebecca Owens, Steven J. Filoromo, Lauren A. Landgraf et al.

Abstract Body modification is a blanket term for tattooing, piercing, scarring, cutting, and other forms of bodily alteration generally associated with fashion, identity, or cultural markings. Body modifications like tattooing and piercing have become so common in industrialised regions of the world that what were once viewed as marks of abnormality are now considered normal. However, the psychological motivations for body modification practices are still being investigated regarding deviance or risky behaviours, contributing to a sense in the academic literature that body modifications are both normal and deviant. We explored this inconsistency by conducting a scoping review of the psychological literature on body modifications under the assumption that the psychological and psychiatric disciplines set the standard for related research. We searched for articles in available online databases and retained those published in psychology journals or interdisciplinary journals where at least one author is affiliated with a Psychology or Psychiatry programme (N = 94). We coded and tabulated the articles thematically, identifying five categories and ten subcategories. The most common category frames body modifications in general terms of risk, but other categories include health, identity, credibility/employability, and fashion/attractiveness. Trends in psychology studies seem to follow the shifting emphasis in the discipline from a clinical orientation regarding normality and abnormality to more complex social psychological approaches.

Tania Vázquez Luna, Yudeivy Olivera López

La gestión de gobierno requiere un uso sistemático de la información, así como canales y mensajes de comunicación que faciliten y propicien los procesos de toma de decisiones. La comunicación gubernamental se presenta como un recurso que deviene en gestión y contribuye a cumplir el objeto social y la visión estratégica de las organizaciones de la administración pública. El contexto cubano no ha sido indiferente a esta realidad desde el reordenamiento de los sistemas de gestión y desarrollo tanto de los gobiernos provinciales como municipales. Pero, al afrontar tales escenarios, es importante desarrollar análisis que aborden temas claves como los sistemas de información y comunicación, los cuales son estratégicos dentro del escenario gubernamental. El objetivo general del estudio se centra en la valoración de la centralidad de la comunicación desde la gestión de los gobiernos locales. Para ello, se empleó un enfoque cualitativo de carácter comunicológico y se asumió como método principal el bibliográfico documental. La investigación arrojó como principal conclusión que, aun cuando desde lo normativa se asume la referencia a una comunicación gestionada y estratégica, la práctica opera sobre modelo transmisivo de información y una desarticulación de la comunicación.

Beshenich Caroline

Teaching is always difficult no matter what the subject. So finding a wise and effective teaching method may be challenging for any teacher. Thus, the medieval method of Hugh St. Victor (1096-1141) could be interesting for modern teachers of philosophy who want to demonstrate to their students that philosophy is applicable to their lives and remains relevant. Hugh St. Victor’s method focused on studying how “to read well” and how to practice what was read. And from this idea the philosopher strove to form the student intellectually to re-discover the knowledge humans lost after the fall in the Garden of Eden.

Camila Costa

This study aims to recognize the elements that make up the notion of technological determinism and the power (in a political sense) of technologies in the transformation of a given area. Three major infrastructure projects are addressed, understood as technological artifacts, built in the 1960s, that consolidated the physiognomy of the corridor of National Route 168 —Santa Fe city, Argentina—. The hypothesis that guides the study assumes that infrastructures and their materiality have influenced the transformation of the territory that contains them, specifically in the Santa Fe-Paraná metropolitan area. The cases addressed —two bridges and a subfluvial tunnel— were analyzed through the recognition of their construction systems, architectural aspects —if any— and production conditions. Concrete as the predominant material turns out to be, not only the condition of possibility to experience the territory, but also, a constituent part of it. It is considered that the context of production of the works —developmental model— and the level of appropriation and assessment achieved, are fundamental aspects to understand the notion of technological determinism in these infrastructures.

Myles Ingram, Ashley Zahabian, Chin Hur

Abstract Social distancing policies are currently the best method of mitigating the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, adherence to these policies vary greatly on a county-by-county level. We used social distancing adherence (SoDA) estimated from mobile phone data and population-based demographics/statistics of 3054 counties in the United States to determine which demographics features correlate to adherence on a countywide level. SoDA scores per day were extracted from mobile phone data and aggregated from March 16, 2020 to April 14, 2020. 45 predictor features were evaluated using univariable regression to determine their level of correlation with SoDA. These 45 features were then used to form a SoDA prediction model. Persons who work from home prior to the COVID-19 pandemic (β = 0.259, p < 0.00001) and owner-occupied housing unit rate (β = −0.322, p < 0.00001) were the most positively correlated and negatively correlated features to SoDA, respectively. Counties with higher per capita income, older persons, and more suburban areas were positively associated with adherence while counties with higher African American population, high obesity rate, earlier first COVID-19 case/death, and more Republican-leaning residents were negatively correlated with adherence. The base model predicted county SoDA with 90.8% accuracy. The model using only COVID-19-related features predicted with 64% accuracy and the model using the top 25 most substantial features predicted with 89% accuracy. Our results indicate that economic features, health features, and a few other features, such as political affiliation, race, and the time since the first case/death, impact SoDA on a countywide level. These features, combined, can predict adherence with a high level of confidence. Our prediction model could be utilized to inform health policy planning and potential interventions in areas with lower adherence.

I.A. Tarkhanov, R.R. Gayfutdinov

A general doctrine of the subjective scope of crime, the most difficult one for perception, was discussed. The rules were proposed for deciding on the form of guilt inherent in a particular type of crime if no such regulations can be found in the current criminal law. For this purpose, the special part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation was analyzed. Particular attention was paid to legislative innovations – for example, to the applicability of Pt. 2 of Art. 24 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (with analysis, including the retrospective one), as well as to the new concept of elements of crime in “Violation of the requirements in the field of transport safety” (Art. 2631). It was concluded that no single rule can be found for defining the form of guilt as provided by Pt. 2 of Art. 24 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, which negatively affects both interpretation of the law and its legal application.

Pushkov Feognost

The article covers the topical question for the modern Orthodox society that is the issue of the legal boundaries of the Moscow Patriarchy. The question became especially acute being motivated by Ukraine temporality in achieving autocephaly of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church. There is a tense dispute between Constantinople and Moscow – did Moscow get a right of jurisdiction over the Kyivan Metropolitanate that had initially been under the jurisdiction of Constantinople? The apologist for Moscow jurisdiction was priest Mikhail Zheltov, the Candidate of Theology. Nevertheless his fundamental and seemingly profound essay “Historical canonical bases for the unity of the Russian Church” was fairly disgraced by both secular scholars and specialists in ecclesiastic law, especially by canonist of Constantinople Patriarchy. However, pointing out weak points in Zheltov’s essay the critics also criticized the negation of canonicity of Moscow Patriarchy jurisdiction over the Kyivan Metropolitanate. Moreover, this article will prove demonstratively that disputable findings of father Mikhail do not mean that canonist of Constantinople have perfect arguments. The settlement of the question in scientific-canonical form has significant importance in overcoming the crisis between Constantinople and Moscow as well as in Ukrainian Orthodoxy divided into warring fractions like Ukrainian Orthodox Church, Ukrainian Orthodox Church of Kiev Patriarchy, and Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church.

Mónica Adriana Luna Blanco

Mª. Ángeles Recio Ariza, Carmela Tomé Cornejo

A new language MOOC, aimed at native Spanish speakers and foreign students with an advanced level, has been developed within the E-LENGUA Project to focus on the proper use of the Spanish language. The design is based on a cMOOC – xMOOC hybrid format and aims to combine a convenient and familiar structure with the necessary flexibility to allow for an independent and customized training, as well as a strong social component. Therefore, its ultimate goal is to develop a learning community where both types of speakers contribute significantly to make progress in language proficiency and in understanding how language works.

Liliana ROTARU

<p>Resursa umană este capitalul strategic al oricărei instituții de învățământ superior și o politică judicioasă de personal, în general, dar mai ales de recrutare și selecție a cadrelor didactico-științifice. Ea face posibilă realizarea misiunii învăță­mân­tului superior, implicit, prin cei care îl promovează. Cercetarea politicii de personal în școlile superioare din RSS Moldovenească în perioada de refacere a învățământului superior de după cel de-al Doilea Război Mondial a scos în evidență că aceasta era subordonată politicii naționale a statului sovietic, care presupunea formarea „omului nou” și integrarea acestuia în identitatea supraetnică numită „popor sovietic” – deznaționalizat, îndoctrinat cu ideologie marxist-leninistă, rusificat și rusianizat, care să aibă o patrie socialistă comună – Uniunea Sovietică și un scop comun – const­ruirea comunismului. Toate instrumentele și metodele de recrutare și selectare a personalului academic pentru insti­tuțiile de învățământ din RSS Moldovenească erau subordonate necesității creării unui corp didactico-științific în mare parte vorbitor și purtător de limbă și cultură rusă, puternic ideologizat și loial statului sovietic și partidului comunist, și mai apoi de o anumită competență profesională, toate acestea camuflate sub pregnanta idee de promovare a „elemen­tului autohton moldovenesc”.</p><p><strong>THE POLICY OF RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION OF ACADEMIC STAFF IN HIGHER EDUCATION OF MSSR. 1944-1950</strong></p><p>The human resource is the strategic capital of any higher education institutions and, in general, a judicious staff policy, but especially – a good policy of recruitment and selection of didactic and scientific staff makes possible to realize the higher education mission and, by default – the goals of those who are promoting it. The research of staff policy in high schools of MSSR during the higher education recovery after the WWII revealed that it was under the control of national policy of the soviet state. This policy aimed to create a “new man”, and to integrate him into a supra-ethnic identity, called “the soviet people” – a denationalized people, indoctrinated with the Marxist-Leninist ideology, Russified and Russianized, who had one socialist homeland – the Soviet Union and one common goal – to build the communism. All the instruments and methods of recruitment and selection of the academic staff for the educational institutions of MSSR were subordinate to the creation of a new didactic and scientific body, mostly Russian speaking and maintaining the Russian language and culture, ideologised and loyal to the soviet state and to the communist party. The professional competences were a secondary criterion of recruitment and selection, and all of this – camouflaged under the significantly idea of promoting “the Moldovan native element”.</p>

Igor Eterović

Cristian Fabiano Guimarães, Stela Nazareth Meneghel, Camila Guaranha et al.

Transvestites and transsexuals represent an exposed population to the different situations of vulnerabilities, in relation to sexual orientation, gender identities and relations with the society. We proposed this research to analyze the murders of this population in the Rio Grande do Sul, understood as homicides based in gender. This article presents the methodological changes throughout the process of the research that occurred during the immersion of researchers in the field, from four areas of analysis: context of the research; the murders of transvestites and transsexuals as gender murders; the process of data generation and the reflections to build of a comprehensive field. Through this study, we hope to contribute for building methodologies to address this issue.<br>Travestis y transexuales son una población expuesta a diferentes situaciones de vulnerabilidad debido a la orientación sexual, identidad de género y las relaciones con la sociedad. Hemos propuesto este estudio para analizar los asesinatos de esta población en Rio Grande do Sul, entendidos como asesinatos por razones de género. Este artículo presenta los cambios metodológicos que se han producido durante el proceso de investigación y la inmersión de los investigadores en el campo, a partir de cuatro ejes: la contextualización de la investigación, los asesinatos de travestis y transexuales como homicidios de género, la generación de datos y reflexiones para apoyar la construcción de un campo explicativo. Con este estudio, esperamos poder contribuir a la construcción de metodologías para abordar esta cuestión.<br>Travestis e transexuais constituem uma população exposta a diferentes situações de vulnerabilidade, devido à orientação sexual, identidade de gênero e relações com a sociedade. Propusemos esta pesquisa para analisar os assassinatos dessa população no Rio Grande do Sul, entendidos como homicídios baseados em gênero. Este artigo apresenta as mudanças metodológicas ocorridas ao longo do processo da pesquisa e da imersão dos pesquisadores no campo, a partir de quatro eixos: a contextualização da pesquisa; os assassinatos de travestis e transexuais como homicídios de gênero; a geração de dados e as reflexões para subsidiar a construção de um campo explicativo. Com esse estudo, esperamos contribuir com a construção de metodologias para a abordagem desse tema. <br />

Sonia Milena Pineda, Nora Margarita Vargas, Walter Alonso Bustamante et al.

El 25 de julio de 2013 se realizó el I Encuentro Regional de Investigadores sobre In-Corporalidades. Tránsitos entre lo biológico y lo cultural, evento promovido por el Departamento de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas de la Universidad de Medellín. Este evento tuvo por objetivos “Crear lazos entre los investigadores en asuntos del cuerpo para consolidar la Comunidad Académica, Conformar una red regional de investigadores en cuerpo y preparar la participación de la región en el Primer Encuentro Nacional de Investigadores sobre Estudios del Cuerpo, Giro Corporal, a realizarse entre el 3 y 4 de octubre de 2013 en la ciudad de Bogotá”. El I Encuentro Regional de Investigadores sobre In-Corporalidades contó con la participación de diversos académicos e investigadores de la región, quienes compartieron algunas reflexiones sobre las visiones del cuerpo en el período colonial, los cuerpos otros vistos como peligrosos en el contexto urbano de la ciudad de Medellín, los cuerpos anormales en las prácticas y estéticas contemporáneas , el asco y la abyección para entender el cuerpo en el arte, las estéticas de la crueldad en la relación entre cuerpo, sociedad y violencia, los cuerpos anormales como hipertextos de la insumisión, la propuesta estéticopolítica del cuerpo habla, de la Universidad de Antioquia, la construcción del sexo moderno en los discurso de la diferencia a finales del período colonial del Nuevo Reino de Granada. Se presentan algunas líneas temáticas desarrolladas por los expositores en el encuentro.

Joseph-G Turi

Language legislation aims to protect or promote the status and use of one or more specified languages. Official language legislation relates to the according of official status to a language or languages, while liberal language legislation pertains to the recognition of language rights and linguistic minorities. Regarding the latter category, a distinction is drawn between the right to the language and the right to a language. The former refers to the right to use one or more specified languages, particularly in an official context, whereas the right to a language refers to the universal right to use one’s mother tongue, or any language, particularly in unofficial contexts. Diversity, including linguistic diversity, is an asset that should be acknowledged and preserved — also in a judicial context.

لیث محمود

یعدّ المستشرق الألمانی یولیوس فیلهاوزن علم من أعلام المؤرخین وعلماء اللاهوت المتقدین للکتاب المقدّس والمستشرقون الألمان المهتمین بدراسة التاریخ العربی القدیم وتاریخ الإسلام ولعلّ المیزة التی امتاز بها تبنیه لأفکار مارتن لوثر .