Resumen : Este artículo se centra en la promoción de contenidos lúdicos en la enseñanza del español como lengua extranjera. Para realizar esta reflexión elegimos como método de trabajo la semántica estructural propuesta por Greimas (1987) la cual nos ayudó a interpretar eficazmente el texto narrativo desarrollando con los 5 módulos del programa. De ahí el uso didáctico de esta obra lúdica. Así, en la primera parte, presentamos la obra acompañada de un análisis estructural, examinando tanto su estructura externa como interna. En la segunda parte, demostramos el valor lúdico en la enseñanza del español como lengua extranjera, analizando los diferentes módulos y sus contribuciones al currículo. Establecemos un paralelismo entre los temas abordados en Mafalda 1 y el contenido de los módulos según el currículo vigente en la Republica de Camerún.
Palabras Clave: Temas; Lúdicos; Educativos; Análisis; Enfoque Didáctico.
Arts in general, Computational linguistics. Natural language processing
The emergence of ChatGPT has drawn considerable attention in the NLP community for its impressive performance across a wide range of language tasks. However, its effectiveness in multi-label movie genre prediction remains underexplored. This study evaluates the genre prediction capabilities of multiple Large Language Models (LLMs), including ChatGPT, using the MovieLens-100K dataset comprising 1682 movies spanning 18 genres. We investigate zero-shot and few-shot prompting strategies based on movie trailer transcripts and subtitles, where each movie may belong to multiple genres. Our results show that ChatGPT consistently outperforms earlier LLM baselines under both zero-shot and few-shot settings, while instruction fine-tuning further improves recall and overall predictive coverage. To explore multimodal extensions, we augment textual prompts with visual cues extracted from movie posters using a Vision-Language Model (VLM). While the incorporation of visual information yields selective, genre-dependent benefits–particularly improving recall for visually distinctive genres–the overall gains in aggregate performance metrics remain limited. Overall, our findings highlight the robustness of prompt-based and fine-tuned LLMs for genre prediction, and suggest that multimodal information can provide complementary signals in specific cases, motivating future work on tighter task-aligned vision-language integration.
Computational linguistics. Natural language processing
Résumé :la conservation des archives médicales constitue un enjeu majeur pour le bon fonctionnement des structures hospitalières, tant sur le plan administratif que médical, aux cliniques universitaires de Kinshasa(cuk). La gestion des dossiers médicaux est confrontée à de multiples défis : le manque de personnel qualifiés en archivistique, l’absence de politiques de gestion documentaires et les risques liés à la détérioration physique ou à la perte d’informations sensibles. Cette étude se propose d’analyser les principaux obstacles à une conservation efficace des archives médicales dans ce centre hospitalier universitaire, en s’appuyant sur une méthodologie qualitative combinée à des entretiens semi-directifs. Observation de terrain et analyse documentaire. Les résultats permettent de formuler des recommandations pratiques visant à améliorer la gestion de ces archives essentielles pour la continuité des soins, la recherche médicale et la traçabilité des actes médicaux.
Mots-clés : Archives, conservation, cliniques universitaires de Kinshasa, gestion documentaire, santé publique.
Arts in general, Computational linguistics. Natural language processing
In this paper, we will study the use of null pronouns on the one hand and the interpretation of null and pronominal subjects on the other hand in Romanian. While both questions have been studied across a wide range of Romance languages, empirical data on Romanian are still missing in the literature. Our first three experiments, using a binary choice of possible answers to questions, show that null subjects are generally preferred in Romanian. This preference is, however, modified by the contrast effect with more pronominal subjects when there is an alternative explicit or presupposed referent in the context. In our fourth experiment, we find that, as in other Romance languages, null subjects prefer a subject antecedent while pronominal subjects prefer a non-subject antecedent, showing the typical division of labour effect. The preference for null subjects in our experiment is slightly smaller than in Italian or European Portuguese, two languages that show a stronger division of labour effect with near categorical choices of subject and object antecedents for null and pronominal subjects, respectively. Preferences found for Romanian resemble those found for Spanish. We argue that the frequency of null subjects in a language may play a role in the strength of the division of labour effect.
Philology. Linguistics, Computational linguistics. Natural language processing
Abstract : Argumentation has become essential in any communicative process aimed at understanding and persuasion. Society is increasingly drawn to techniques of incitement, targeted propaganda, and boundless provocation. To interpret the Arab scientific heritage, rich with treasures that require thorough analysis, it is important to go beyond mere eloquence. The goal is to achieve clear and impactful communication that moves and convinces the listener by evoking images and emotions. Thus, words no longer simply convey meanings but also generate emotional cues to guide conviction.
Keywords: Discourse, Argumentation, Speaker, Traditional Texts, Audience.
Arts in general, Computational linguistics. Natural language processing
Résumé : Notre étude s’inscrit dans un champ d’analyse interdisciplinaire combinant l’analyse du discours numérique et les sciences de l’information et de la communication. L’objectif en est d’identifier les pratiques à la fois technolangagières et technodiscursives adoptés par le site d’information TSA (tout sur l’Algérie) sur le réseau social numérique X. Il est question de l’analyse des stratégies d’influence, adoptées par ce média, et leur l’impact sur les abonnés internautes ou followers. Les résultats de notre étude permettent de mieux comprendre comment le site TSA exploite les fonctionnalités de la plateforme X afin de maximiser l’engagement de ses abonnés. Ainsi, les pratiques révélées de delinéarisation, du technodiscours hypertextualisé et du discours d’escorte se présentent comme stratégies efficaces pour façonner le paysage médiatique numérique en favorisant la circulation rapide de l’information.
Mots-clés : Delinéarisation, pratiques technodiscursive, pratiques technolangagière, TSA, X, technodiscours.
Arts in general, Computational linguistics. Natural language processing
Abstract Eye health has become a global health concern and attracted broad attention. Over the years, researchers have proposed many state‐of‐the‐art convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to assist ophthalmologists in diagnosing ocular diseases efficiently and precisely. However, most existing methods were dedicated to constructing sophisticated CNNs, inevitably ignoring the trade‐off between performance and model complexity. To alleviate this paradox, this paper proposes a lightweight yet efficient network architecture, mixed‐decomposed convolutional network (MDNet), to recognise ocular diseases. In MDNet, we introduce a novel mixed‐decomposed depthwise convolution method, which takes advantage of depthwise convolution and depthwise dilated convolution operations to capture low‐resolution and high‐resolution patterns by using fewer computations and fewer parameters. We conduct extensive experiments on the clinical anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS‐OCT), LAG, University of California San Diego, and CIFAR‐100 datasets. The results show our MDNet achieves a better trade‐off between the performance and model complexity than efficient CNNs including MobileNets and MixNets. Specifically, our MDNet outperforms MobileNets by 2.5% of accuracy by using 22% fewer parameters and 30% fewer computations on the AS‐OCT dataset.
Computational linguistics. Natural language processing, Computer software
Résumé : A l’heure actuelle où les films pornographiques, la pédophilie, le lesbianisme, etc. sont à la portée de tout le monde dans les médias, sans aucune considération d’âge et de culture, les adolescentes, curieuses par nature, cherchent à découvrir et à expérimenter ces réalités en courant de grands risques si elles ne sont pas encadrées efficacement par les parents. D’où la nécessité pour les parents de s’approprier l’éducation sexuelle des leurs filles. C’est à cette conclusion que nous sommes arrivé après avoir constaté à l’issu d’une enquête auprès de 150 parents que, ces derniers prodiguent des conseils sporadiques à leurs filles mais qui ne relèvent pas véritablement de l’éducation sexuelle.
Arts in general, Computational linguistics. Natural language processing
Leonel Figueiredo de Alencar, Bruno Cuconato, Alexandre Rademaker
ABSTRACT: One of the prerequisites for many natural language processing technologies is the availability of large lexical resources. This paper reports on MorphoBr, an ongoing project aiming at building a comprehensive full-form lexicon for morphological analysis of Portuguese. A first version of the resource is already freely available online under an open source, free software license. MorphoBr combines analogous free resources, correcting several thousand errors and gaps, and systematically adding new entries. In comparison to the integrated resources, lexical entries in MorphoBr follow a more user-friendly format, which can be straightforwardly compiled into finite-state transducers for morphological analysis, e.g. in the context of syntactic parsing with a grammar in the LFG formalism using the XLE system. MorphoBr results from a combination of computational techniques. Errors and the more obvious gaps in the integrated resources were automatically corrected with scripts. However, MorphoBr's main contribution is the expansion in the inventory of nouns and adjectives. This was carried out by systematically modeling diminutive formation in the paradigm of finite-state morphology. This allowed MorphoBr to significantly outperform analogous resources in the coverage of diminutives. The first evaluation results show MorphoBr to be a promising initiative which will directly contribute to the development of more robust natural language processing tools and applications which depend on wide-coverage morphological analysis.
KEYWORDS: computational linguistics; natural language processing; morphological analysis; full-form lexicon; diminutive formation.
RESUMO: Um dos pré-requisitos para muitas tecnologias de processamento de linguagem natural é a disponibilidade de vastos recursos lexicais. Este artigo trata do MorphoBr, um projeto em desenvolvimento voltado para a construção de um léxico de formas plenas abrangente para a análise morfológica do português. Uma primeira versão do recurso já está disponível gratuitamente on-line sob uma licença de software livre e de código aberto. MorphoBr combina recursos livres análogos, corrigindo vários milhares de erros e lacunas. Em comparação com os recursos integrados, as entradas lexicais do MorphoBr seguem um formato mais amigável, o qual pode ser compilado diretamente em transdutores de estados finitos para análise morfológica, por exemplo, no contexto do parsing sintático com uma gramática no formalismo da LFG usando o sistema XLE. MorphoBr resulta de uma combinação de técnicas computacionais. Erros e lacunas mais óbvias nos recursos integrados foram automaticamente corrigidos com scripts. No entanto, a principal contribuição de MorphoBr é a expansão no inventário de substantivos e adjetivos. Isso foi alcançado pela modelação sistemática da formação de diminutivos no paradigma da morfologia de estados finitos. Isso possibilitou a MorphoBr superar de forma significativa recursos análogos na cobertura de diminutivos. Os primeiros resultados de avaliação mostram que o MorphoBr constitui uma iniciativa promissora que contribuirá de forma direta para conferir robustez a ferramentas e aplicações de processamento de linguagem natural que dependem de análise morfológica de ampla cobertura.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: linguística computacional; processamento de linguagem natural; análise morfológica; léxico de formas plenas; formação de diminutivos.
Pierpaolo Basile, Giovanni Semeraro, Annalina Caputo
Linking entity mentions in Italian tweets to concepts in a knowledge base is a challenging task, due to the short and noisy nature of these short messages and the lack of specific resources for Italian. This paper proposes an adaptation of a general purpose Named Entity Linking algorithm, which exploits the similarity measure computed over a Distributional Semantic Model, in the context of Italian tweets. In order to evaluate the proposed algorithm, we introduce a new dataset of tweets for entity linking that we have developed specifically for the Italian language.
Social Sciences, Computational linguistics. Natural language processing
Broadly conceived, this article re-imagines the role of conjecture in textual scholarship at a time when computers are increasingly pressed into service as tools of reconstruction and forecasting. Examples of conjecture include the recovery of lost readings in classical texts, and the computational modeling of the evolution of a literary work or the descent of a natural language. Conjectural criticism is thus concerned with issues of transmission, transformation, and prediction. It has ancient parallels in divination and modern parallels in the comparative methods of historical linguistics and evolutionary biology. The article develops a computational model of textuality, one that better supports conjectural reasoning, as a counterweight to the pictorial model of textuality that now predominates in the field of textual scholarship. Computation is here broadly understood to mean the manipulation of discrete units of information, which, in the case of language, entails the grammatical processing of strings rather than the mathematical calculation of numbers to create puns, anagrams, word ladders, and other word games. The article thus proposes that a textual scholar endeavoring to recover a prior version of a text, a diviner attempting to decipher an oracle by signs, and a poet exploiting the combinatorial play of language collectively draw on the same library of semiotic operations, which are amenable to algorithmic expression. The intended audience for the article includes textual scholars, specialists in the digital humanities and new media, and others interested in the technology of the written word and the emerging field of biohumanities.