Floods, exacerbated by escalating urbanization, pose significant threats to life and property globally. Over the past decade, the Esenyurt district in Istanbul has witnessed a series of floods, highlighting existing flood risks. Rapid population growth in this area and dense urbanization caused by intensive construction increase flood risks. Given these factors, the study focuses on examining the historical impact of urbanization on flood risks, considering spatial and temporal changes. Landsat-8 satellite data, specifically examining NDVI, NDBI, and BU, was employed to detect building imprints and reveal their historical backgrounds for temporal risk calculations. The analysis showed a sudden increase in urbanization rates in 2016, 2017, and 2021. In the flood risk calculations, 2014 data for a return period of 100 years were used and flood inundation depth, economic damages, affected population and depth-damage function were taken into consideration. The results indicate that from 2014 to 2022, increasing urbanization led to a 32.9% increase in the population affected by floods, a 22.3% rise in potential economic damage, and a 13.6% increase in total flood risk. The relationship between flood risks, contemporary urbanization, and its economic dimensions has been evaluated to reduce risks and achieve sustainable cities.
The museum is one of the places where these stories from the past are brought together in dioramas and their collections, so that these stories live on and can be interpreted in depth and detail by future generations. The museum itself is a place of discovery of relics of the past, where people can explore and travel through history, remembering the past in their hearts and minds. The Bojonegoro region has a history that is important enough to be remembered by the Bojonegoro people themselves. Therefor Bojonegoro needs the Museum to become a facility for protecting historical items to always remind the struggle of the Bojonegoro region itself and can become a means of recreation and edutourism for the Bojonegoro region.
Details in building design and construction. Including walls, roofs, Urban renewal. Urban redevelopment
The article examines the dynamics of access to electricity in two West African cities: Cotonou (Benin) and Ibadan (Nigeria). Due to poor supply from the grid, households are developing varied ways of accessing electricity, based on different socio-technical dispositifs. In this paper we first demonstrate that access to electricity is based on co-production processes that must be approached from a multi-scale perspective (from the household to the urban scale). We then argue that particular attention to the socio-technical and spatial dimension of co-production arrangements makes it possible to interpret urban electrical configurations and their evolution. We thus show that co-production processes, relying on many actors and technologies to meet a growing and diversified demand for electricity in cities, support an ongoing movement of extension-hybridisation of electricity configurations on an urban scale, thus offering an interesting perspective on power changes in sub-Saharan Africa.
Abstract City transformation in Sub-Saharan Africa by its nature require massive physical space to accommodate urban development. Accordingly, urban redevelopment program is taken place in many old inner-city settlements to increase the supply of land for commercial and residential development. To this end, these practice often lead to displacement of residents from their original location which in turn affects their livelihoods. The trend and situation of urban development program in Ethiopia and Gondar city is no exception. To this end, this paper assess the effects of urban redevelopment induced displacement and resettlement on social capital in Gondar city. To achieve the objective of the research, a questionnaire survey covering 147 displaced households with interview and field observation was carried out. The findings highlight that, though resettlement has positive effects to the people, the displaced households in Gondar city were lost their neighborhood ties and social networks such as Idir, Equb, Mahiber and Senbetie in their new location. In addition, they also endures several adverse impacts on their basic infrastructure facilities. Therefore, government should understand the social capital impacts in both pre and post relocation phases to improve and strength the displaced households social networks and relationships throughout the entire resettlement process.
The contemporary South Asian geopolitics in general and Nepalese geopolitics, in particular, is a crucial factor to analyze trilateral engagement, and their affairs in Nepal. Geopolitics is one of the major factors of shaping and reshaping bilateral and multilateral relations. It is influenced by the actions and reactions of geopolitical players. They sometimes push their actions broadly to achieve their national and global interests, and sometimes even narrow down their actions. But, whatever their actions, their national and global interests continue to grow. China, India and the USA have been dealing, in one way or the other, to widen, broaden and defend their national and regional interests. Dealing of three super and great powers in Nepal have dealt based on the changing geopolitics which greatly implicates Nepalese domestic affairs and foreign policy. This paper mainly assesses the engagement of the USA, China, and India in Nepal, and how their power play implicates Nepal's foreign policies. It aims to explore Nepal’s way of moving forward in the context of the Belt and Road Initiatives (BRI), Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC), and the newly emerged China-Russia security dialogue platform. The paper adapts interpretivism as the philosophical position and hence method is qualitative. It only focuses on geopolitics, BRI, MCC, and China-Russia security dialogue platform. The conclusion of the paper is that Nepal’s foreign policy should be based on soft power discourse to eliminate the issues of any kind of regional and global security alliance with super and great powers.
Nepal's food imports are growing at an alarming rate. Recent reports suggest a 65% jump in the imports of the key agricultural products between 2015 to 2020. It signals not only the growing dependency trends but also raises serious questions about the future of the agricultural sector in the country--a potential threat to national security and sovereignty. While the topic receives regular media coverage, rarely examined are the historical contexts and the socio-economic, (geo)-political, and cultural drivers of the growing dependency on food imports. Using a political economy approach, we take a systematic look at the food production and import trajectories along with a set of historically important internal and external factors affecting Nepal's food systems. The main objective of this paper is to examine how Nepal became a net food importer in recent decades and discuss some potential ways forward. We argue that while the sharp rise in food imports is unprecedented for Nepal's historically agriculture-based economy, it is hardly surprising in a globalized world; it is emblematic of the global decline of subsistence agriculture in the face of the wider market economy. We conclude that the changes in Nepal's food production and import trajectories are largely influenced by four key interconnected endogenous and exogenous drivers: 1) the politics of modernization and economic growth affecting the agriculture and food systems, 2) regional geopolitics and increasing economic/market dependence, 3) ineffective government policies on food production and imports, and 4) political instability and insurgency forcing migration and off-farm incomes.
The housing agenda shifted its paradigm from housing as basic needs to housing as rights. It became widely contested when ‘affordable housing’ entered the discourse. Contextualising it for Penang island within the ‘Right to the City’ principle, the element of place-making emerged which questions a person’s right to construct one’s own habitat, or is it constrained to decisions by powerful elites. This study attempts to make sense of place-making in Penang island’s affordable housing schemes by dissecting voices from key stakeholders. The qualitative techniques used revealed that home owners are voiceless in the place-making process. A clearer affordable housing definition and a needs-based approach are recommended.
With the change in wealth creation in the new era, attracting the creative class is very important and reveals the need to address the creative city approach in the world's metropolises, including Tehran. The goal of this study was to assess the objective and subjective of the Tehran metropolis from the perspective of the creative city, emphasizing on the mentality and importance of public knowledge and to provide planning solutions as a creative city. This research uses mixed methods (quantitative and qualitative) and tries to compile the integrated index of the creative city by proposing an appropriate conceptual model to the conditions of Tehran to assess the situation. The conceptual model of the study consists of 26 criteria and 66 indicators. The results show that Tehran is not in a good position in the world rankings. the twelve criteria studied in the subjective assessment by interviewing the target groups, the institutional and structural capital, entrepreneurship and investment and smart infrastructure indicators, had a score of less than 40%. The human capital, creative capital and competitiveness indicators are also components that have scored above average in subjective evaluations. The results of this study could be a roadmap for planning Tehran metropolis to reach the creative city principles.
The type of industrial relations and the regulatory framework, especially the level that determines working hours (national / industrial / enterprise) are the constitutive elements that determine the working hours regime. The analysis of the regulatory framework is crucial for understanding disparities in the distribution of working time in one country but not without including other social and economic factors that may shape and influence the incidence of work longer than legally prescribed (full) working time. It was found that the form of wage distribution and the amount of overtime premium (and / or the amount of free hours earned) can affect both supply and demand for overtime.
Design students should be able to design living environments and products according to diverse users’ needs, problems and expectations. The aim of this research is to explore the role of empathy as a design learning tool in interior architecture education. Moreover, the intention is to determine and analyze the reflections after the role-playing technique is experienced. This study is conducted with the graduate design students and three tasks were assigned to them. In the first task, the students took visually impaired people’s role and acted in real-life activities in a café. Then, they expressed their role-playing reflections and design reflections through semi-structured interviews. Lastly, Verbal Protocol Analysis is used in determining and categorizing the relevant affective and cognitive empathic expressions that were recorded. Color and light, orientation, safety and accessibility were mostly expressed as design issues in reflections. Furthermore, findings indicated that cognitive empathic expressions were widely used than affective expressions.
بافتهای فرسودهی شهرهای بزرگ در صورت رسیدگی به وضعیت آن و با کمترین هزینه، بخش قابل توجهی از فضاهای سکونتی مورد نیاز شهرها را میتواند تأمین کند. در ساماندهی بافتهای فرسوده یکی از پیششرطهای بنیادین، مشارکت مردم در تصمیمگیریها است. بنابراین، حکمروایی شایسته و بازآفرینی بافتهای فرسوده محله 4 آذرشهر هدف این پژوهش قرار گرفت. در این پژوهش برای گردآوری اطلاعات از مطالعات کتابخانهای، میدانی و پرسشنامه استفاده شد. نتایج پژوهش با استفاده از نرمافزار SPSSو با آزمونهای تی تک نمونهای، فریدمن و رگرسیون چند متغیره مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفته است. نتایج نشان میدهد شاخصهای حکمروایی و بازآفرینی بافتهای فرسوده شهری در وضعیت خوبی قرار ندارد. نتایج رتبهبندی دو متغیر مستقل و وابسته نشان میدهد که عدالت و انصاف، کارایی و اثربخشی و شفافیت دارای وضعیت مناسبتری نسبت به سایر شاخصها است. در بین شاخصهای متغیر وابسته، شاخص کالبدی در مرتبه اول و اقتصادی در مرتبه دوم قرار گرفته است. همچنین ارتباط معناداری بین بازآفرینی بافتهای فرسوده و شاخصهای حکمروایی شهری وجود دارد.از نظر ضریب تأثیر نیز، متغیرهای مستقل بر میزان بازآفرینی بافتهای فرسوده شهری، شاخص شفافیت با 0.501 بیشترین اثر را داشته است.
bobbi irianto manalu, Suprayitno Suprayitno, Ida Deliyanti Agustina
Perancanaan Stasiun Kereta Api merupakan sarana pelayanan angkutan umum untuk memudahkan masyarakat khususnya kota Kisaran dalam melakukan perpindahan antar kota dengan transportasi dan mengakses sumber daya kota, Sehingga dapat menumbuhkan minat masyarakat untuk menggunakan sarana transportasi umum serta mengurangi kemacetan. Lokasi perencanaan berada di Jl. HOS Cokroaminoto, Kecamatan Kisaran Barat, Kabupaten Asahan, Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Lokasi berada di kawasan ramai penduduk yang menjadi jalur transportasi kendaraan umum. Pendekatan arsitektur metafora dapat di aplikasikan pada bentuk atap yang menyerupai gelombang air.
Details in building design and construction. Including walls, roofs, Urban renewal. Urban redevelopment
Teshome Tefera Tola, Ahmed Z. Khan, Fisseha Wegayehu
Urban Metabolism, a tool used to map and quantify flows and stocks within and across urban boundaries, has become an important tool in recent urban studies. It shows the relative position of a town (its sub-system) on the sustainability continuum. However, the approach faces critical bottlenecks, particularly, in developing countries, because of lack of data and standardised methodologies. This research, by employing a bottom-up data generating technique that relies on lots of conversions and estimations, analyses the metabolism of materials used in the construction of residential housing in a small town in Ethiopia. The result indicates that the vast majority of inputs used in the construction are sourced locally. However, there are certain worrisome trends challenging sustainability in the sub-system. Furthermore, findings of the metabolic analyses have been extrapolated to the national-level to understand implications flows and sourcing of inputs have on the sustainability of low-income housing in the future.
Northern Iraq as part of Iraq, has been witnessed a great population increment last few decades. However, housing stress in Northern Iraq has risen due to that. Environmental, economic and social sustainability became crucial in the movement towards a more effective built environment and community nowadays. This research seeks to evaluate the presence of sustainability aspects (environmental, economic, and social) in the housing sector, which makes them acquired and affordable for low-income earners in Northern Iraq. Housing projects as case studies were investigated in Erbil, the capital of Northern Iraq. The research examined, the presence of sustainability aspects. Field observations checklist has been prepared based on the theoretical analysis through literature review and applied to collect data on the case studies. The results demonstrated that applying the aspects of sustainability for the buildings is weak and not clearly familiar in Northern Iraq. The study concluded that the housing projects focusing on the case study not sustainable. The findings show that the application of sustainable principles in the housing projects in Northern Iraq is very weak. It is highly recommended to achieve sustainability, because it is a significant way to produce acquired and affordable housing and overcome the housing problems, socially, environmentally and economically. The recommendations have been suggested to formulate new ways of implementing sustainable principles in the housing sector to overcome housing stress in Northern Iraq.
Today, instability in the transportation sector is on the rise in most cities in the developing world, and transportation development is mistakenly synonymous with activities such as building bridges and underpasses, widening roads and synchronizing high-speed transit systems. In contrast to urban planners, using a sustainable transport approach, they seek to find a solution that can influence and improve the quality of citizens’ lives by adopting the right transportation policies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the quality of life of the citizens of Rasht and to evaluate the impact of positive-choice transportation policies on the quality of life indicators. In this study, using correlation and regression methods and structural model testing to analyze the effects of two negative policies on traffic limitation and parking restriction and two positive policies on public transport development and spaces development for pedestrians to improve objective quality indicators. Life includes access, social, economic, security, physical and environmental. Accordingly, Cochran's formula was used to determine the sample size. The sample size was 384 persons. The reliability and validity of the questionnaires were 0.822 which was calculated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Using Structural Equation Modeling, it was found that the two policies of public transport development and the development of spaces for pedestrians with a physical index of quality of life had an indirect negative effect of -0.02 and -0.019 with two policies, respectively. The car traffic limitation has an indirect positive effect of 0.005 and in the regression analysis, except for the economic route, the rest of the parking constraint paths were not statistically significant and were excluded.
Saulo Ribeiro dos Santos, José Manoel Gonçalves Gândara
A tecnologia tem favorecido a divulgação e promoção da imagem de um destino turístico, mediante sites específicos de turismo, como o TripAdvisor. Pois, neste é possível à inserção de comentários (positivos e negativos) acerca dos atrativos, empresas e serviços prestados no local visitado. Desta forma, objetiva-se no presente trabalho compreender a imagem percebida pelos turistas quanto a Lagoa da Jansen mediante análise de comentários no site TripAdvisor. A metodologia é considerada aplicada, descritivo-exploratório, de análise quantitativa e qualitativa. A amostra foi composta por quarenta e dois comentários dos turistas no site, quanto a “Lagoa da Jansen” na cidade de São Luís (Maranhão). A coleta de dados foi realizada nos meses de dezembro de 2015 a fevereiro de 2016. Analisou-se todos os comentários, utilizando o programa Excel para tabulação. Os principais resultados indicam que existe predominância de comentários negativos sobre a Lagoa da Jansen, mas que alguns positivos destacam aspectos quanto à paisagem e opção de lazer e entretenimento do lugar.
The outdoor lighting constitutes a significant part of the night activities of people in contemporary cities. Nevertheless, in many cases, this may result in the increasing and irrational use of it affecting the users of public areas, the environment and driving safety.
The subject of this paper is to extend the discussion on the subject, to provide answers and to suggest methods for the improvement of the existing conditions in urban street lighting through the use of new technologies and smart lighting management systems, with the aim of achieving a smooth relationship between the user’s needs, safety, sustainability, quality of life and energy saving.
David Simon, Corrie Griffith, Roberto Sánchez-Rodríguez
This paper provides a brief history of the Urbanization and Global Environmental Change (UGEC) core project of the erstwhile International Human Dimensions Programme on GEC and the evolution of the science it supported and advanced from 2006 to 2017. This paper arises out of its synthesis phase, which concluded by planning the transition into an urban component of Future Earth. This legacy is vital in the context of our now predominantly urban planet and the associated flowering of urban research and related policy initiatives. The paper also analyses UGEC’s role and contribution as a global science coordination (networking) project and, on this basis, offers guidance and future research suggestions for the urbanization and environmental change community.