Hasil untuk "History of Spain"

María Isabel Corbí Sáez

Differentiated for a long time from its masculine counterpart, due to the importance placed on intimacy, female autobiography gradually underwent a transformation thanks to the emancipation of women. Based on Ph. Lejeune’s observation of the need for a comparative approach to autobiography, in our article we examine the significance of the French publication of the works of three Spanish Republican exiles (Clara Campoamor, Victoria Kent and Constancia de la Mora). While it is mostly accepted that translations generally occupy the margins of the literary field, it is equally accepted that their influence is by no means negligible. Considering the notion of the literary field and the agents and symbolic capital that intervene and interact within it, we analyse a selection of press reviews of these texts, noting the extent to which journalists in France celebrated the authors as political and historical subjects, as well as the quality of their writing. This reception undoubtedly guarantees the readership of these works and their contribution to the evolution of the female autobiographical genre in France.

José Perea, Marc Martí-Gallostra, Ariadna García-Rodríguez et al.

PURPOSETo better understand immigration disparities among a Spanish Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer (SECOC) subset, according to the country of origin.PATIENTS AND METHODSWe selected 250 consecutive participants from the SECOC consortium. Data on baseline patient and tumor characteristics, family history of colorectal cancer (CRC), and follow-up were collected. The presence of mismatch repair deficiency was also assessed. Special data regarding country of origin, time of stay in Spain in case of other different country, and a 10-year cutoff that specifies the obtaining of Spanish nationality defined the variables of interest for comparison.RESULTSSeventy-five percent of patients with early-onset CRC (EOCRC) (188) were born in Spain, whereas the other 25% were born outside of Spain. The mean time of living in Spain until the EOCRC diagnosis was 16.5 years. Comparatively, most of the analyzed features showed equivalent proportions between cohorts. Only Spanish patients appeared to have more familial cancer component in first degree in general (32.3%; P = .01), compared with non-Spaniards, which showed a predominant sporadic component (56.4%; P < .001). Among immigrants, those patients living in Spain before CRC diagnosis ≤10 years were younger at diagnosis (39.1 v 42.5), more frequently male (77.8 v 47.7), were in more advanced stages (88.8% diagnosed at stage III and IV [P = .01]), and had a worse prognosis regarding recurrence rates (29.4% v 6.3%).CONCLUSIONAlthough there were few differences between Spanish and non-Spanish EOCRC, the most remarkable difference was that linked with the situation of those immigrants who have recently arrived in Spain, in relation to their lower health coverage, which could be associated with the delay in the diagnosis and their subsequent worse prognosis.

Luis Martínez-Izquierdo, Mónica Torres Sánchez

Some southern member states have undertaken the reform of their vocational education and training (VET) systems so as to promote dual apprenticeship, such as that which is promoted in Germany. During this process, the European Union (EU) has exercised an extensive influence. This paper advances the analysis of the role exercised by the EU in this stage of cross-national attraction by analysing the model of VET governance promoted by European institutions. The methodology consists of a reflexive thematic analysis of the EU VET texts. A total of 35 texts from the EU institutions was analysed by using NVivo. This produced three themes under the overarching theme of fostering a more pluralistic governance system: promoting cooperation among stakeholders in the design, management and financing of the system, enhancing social dialogue and strengthening responsiveness to change in the world of work. This analysis concludes that the EU, as an agent of the policy transfer process, encourages the implementation of a cooperative governance model of VET systems, such as that present in the dual VET systems of certain member states with collective skill formation governance regimens such as Germany, Austria and Denmark.

Francisco Purroy, Francisco Purroy, Enric Sánchez et al.

Background: Little is known about the prevalence of cerebral microangiopathy (CM), which is related to cognitive impairment, in an asymptomatic population. Pulsatility index (PI) is an easily measurable parameter of cerebral vascular resistance in transcranial duplex of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) study. We aimed to determine the prevalence of CM measured by PI of MCA in low to moderate vascular risk subjects.Methods: We included 3,721 subjects between 45 and 70 years without previous history of vascular disease or diabetes mellitus and with at least one other vascular risk factor from the cross-sectional study ILERVAS (Lleida, Spain). Patients underwent transcranial duplex to determine MCA-PI. Possible CM was defined by MCA-PI &gt;1.1. Carotid and femoral arteries ultrasound registration was done to determine the presence, the number, and the area of atheromatous plaques. Body mass index (BMI), pulse pressure (PP) and laboratory data were also recorded.Results: 439 (11.8%) subjects were excluded due to the low quality of transcranial duplex images. Median age was 57 [IQR 52, 62] years. Possible CM was found in 424 (12.9%) subjects. CM patients had higher prevalence of plaques than non-CM (77.4 vs. 66.4%, p &lt; 0.001). PI showed a positive linear correlation with the number of territories with plaques (r = 0.130, p &lt; 0.001), and the total plaque area (r = 0.082, p &lt; 0.001). The predictors of possible CM were the age, male gender, and PP.Conclusions: In low-to-moderate vascular risk asymptomatic population, the proportion of abnormal brain microvascular bed determined by MCA-PI is not negligible. The planned 10-year follow-up will describe the clinical relevance of these findings.

Adriana Beltrán del Río Sousa, Yannick Barne

L’article aborde une scène présente dans la quasi-totalité des pièces du dramaturge et poète Agustín de Salazar y Torres (1636-1675) : l’entrée, effective ou simplement envisagée, d’un personnage dans un espace qui lui est interdit, intrusion condamnable en ceci qu’elle implique la « profanation d’un seuil ». L’analyse porte plus concrètement sur quatre pièces où ledit seuil ouvre sur un espace sacré : deux zarzuelas mythologiques, une comedia de santos et un auto navideño. Il s’agit de mettre en lumière le rôle structurel que Salazar donne à cette scène-type, véritable leitmotiv de sa poétique qu’il reproduit à l’envi tout en l’adaptant à chaque genre dramatique, ce qui lui permet d’en diversifier la portée.

Jana Černá

The aim of the study is to offer an image of Spanish science and education in the works of Czech travellers of the nineteenth and early twentieth century, especially Ota Pinkas, Jaroslav Guth, Václav Kybal, Josef Müldner, Jan Rambousek, Karel Čapek, but also others. The study focuses on those characteristics of Spanish intellectual environment which Czech travellers (and others) perceived as ‘specifically Spanish’. We examine the issue of Spanish ‘otherness’, Arab knowledge and its influence on Spanish culture, Spanish mysticism, irrationalism, alleged fanaticism, and the so-called ‘abulia’ and their relation to the nature of scientific knowledge. In the context of discussions on Europeanisation of Spain and controversy about the existence of a Spanish science in the Renaissance, we also examine Czech descriptions of the Spanish Golden Age and reflections on the need of Europeanisation of Spanish knowledge. Although in some respects, the views of Czech intellectuals coincided with contemporary opinions regarding the nature of the ‘Spanish spirit’, they neither questioned nor denied the importance or even the very existence of Spanish Renaissance science. Instead, they tended to present them, from a historical perspective, as unique and worthy of attention.

María A. Olivencia-Carrión, Isabel Ramírez-Uclés, Pablo Holgado-Tello et al.

Mobile phone addiction has attracted much attention recently and is showing similarity to other substance use disorders. Because no studies on mobile phone addiction had yet been conducted in Spain, we developed and validated a questionnaire (Cuestionario de Abuso del Teléfono Móvil, ATeMo) to measure mobile phone abuse among young adults in Spanish. The ATeMo questionnaire was designed based on relevant DSM-5 diagnostic criteria and included craving as a diagnostic symptom. Using stratified sampling, the ATeMo questionnaire was administered to 856 students (mean age 21, 62% women). The MULTICAGE questionnaire was administered to assess history of drug abuse and addiction. Using confirmatory factor analysis, we found evidence for the construct validity of the following factors: Craving, Loss of Control, Negative Life Consequences, and Withdrawal Syndrome, and their association with a second order factor related to mobile phone abuse. The four ATeMO factors were also associated with alcoholism, internet use, and compulsive buying. Important gender differences were found that should be considered when studying mobile phone addictions. The ATeMo is a valid and reliable instrument that can be used in further research on mobile phone abuse.

Veronica Mele

Ippolita Sforza’s diplomatic and private correspondence sets her court apart from the other Renaissance women’s courts. Firstly, the political alliance between Naples and Milan assured her the immense privilege of having all the personnel recruited in the Duchy of Milan at her service. The court of the Duchess of Calabria thus constituted a species of Lombard enclave in Naples. Nevertheless, it never grew to be part of the kingdom’s political, cultural and economic fabric. When King Ferdinand arbitrarily dismissed his daughter-in-law’s entire court for their inability to govern the ducal household, Ippolita surrounded herself with a new entourage, among them the Lombard ambassadors residing at the Neapolitan court. That way she launched upon a new international diplomatic role. It was not until reaching maturity and motherhood that she chose political allies and notables from the Aragonese government as a means to preserve the Neapolitan throne for her eldest son Ferrandino.

Beatriz Gómez Gutiérrez

Josep Gelonch Solé

L’article analitza el desplegament de FET y de las JONS en el món rural de l’interior de Catalunya durant la postguerra. Des d’una metodologia que prioritza l’estudi arran de terra i el tractament de les fonts documentals provincials i locals, es qüestiona quina va ser la capacitat del partit únic franquista de bastir una estructura política i de penetració social, en les seves pretensions de controlar, enquadrar, socialitzar i mobilitzar la societat. L’article ofereix una realitat del partit que difereix substancialmentdels discursos i retòriques del moment, amb una implantació desigual en el territori, uns recursos humans i materials molt limitats i que només assolí parcialment alguns dels objectius i les funcions que li foren atribuïdes.

Klaus Herbers, Juan Carlos Sola Corbacho, Carl Antonius Lemke Duque et al.

Raquel Sánchez García, Fernando Durán López, Lu Seegers et al.

Cinthia M. Hamlin

La première traduction castillane imprimée de la Divina Commedia (Burgos, 1515) fut accompagnée d'un commentaire exhaustif entourant chaque strophe, dans lequel Pedro Fernández de Villegas a traduit et amplifié le “Comento soprala Commedia” (1481) de Cristoforo Landino. L'objectif du présent article est d'analyser les réflexions concernant la poésie et la fiction que propose le commentaire, afin de les mettre en relation, d'une part, avec le prologue de Landino et, d'autre part, avec certaines des principales conceptions poétiques de l'Humanisme péninsulaire. En guise de conclusion, nous pouvons avancer que la situation énonciative particulière de Villegas, c'est-à-dire son statut d’ecclésiastique ainsi que celui de poète de cour, rend son texte indéniablement précieux dans la mesure où il peut être considéré comme un représentant des problèmes culturels les plus importants de la période, spécialement la tension entre l'Humanisme et la Scolastique, tension que son texte incarne en présentant des points de vue assez contradictoires. Toutefois, sa plus grande valeur réside dans son importance pour l'histoire de la théorie littéraire en Espagne, car Villegas non seulement expose et reformule les conceptions poétiques et thèmes littéraires de sa tradition culturelle, mais aussi présente certaines attitudes qui, au début du XVIe siècle, se révèlent être plutôt novatrices.

Lourdes Soriano Robles

Les témoins manuscrits médiévaux qui révèlent la diffusion de la littérature arthurienne dans la péninsule ibérique sont rares et leur transmission, qui fut davantage le fait du hasard que de la volonté de préserver ces œuvres littéraires, répond à de très différents modes de conservation: membra disiecta extraits de reliures anciennes, bifeuillets utilisés comme portefeuille par des notaires ou encore folios volants conservés parmi différents documents. Certains manuscrits, unica, plus chanceux, ont été conservés complets dans des bibliothèques étrangères et, enfin, il y a d'autres témoins qui ont survécu dans des recueils homogènes ou factices. Nous nous proposons d'étudier ces témoins du point de vue codicologique en tenant compte du contexte de leur réception, afin de fournir de nouvelles données sur la diffusion de la matière arthurienne dans la péninsule ibérique et la perception que les lecteurs médiévaux avaient de ce genre.

María Jesús Ruiz

ABSTRACT. The presence of the French troops in Spain at the beginning of the 19th century, and the Spanish War of Independence were events that transcended History and impacted the popular feeling. As a result, the oral tradition generated a multitude of ballads and other texts that, all together, reflected a collective imaginary with no historical rigor, but faithful to the literary dimension that people could give to its own history. This paper uses a representative repertoire of that tradition and analyzes the way in which the War of Independence and other wars in the last two centuries have been incorporated into the popular memory. RESUMEN. La presencia de las tropas galas en España a principios del siglo XIX y la propia Guerra de la Independencia fueron acontecimientos que trascendieron la Historia y se incardinaron en el sentir popular. A raíz de ellos, la tradición oral generó un sinfín de coplas, romances y otros textos que, juntos, retratan un imaginario colectivo ajeno al rigor histórico, pero fiel a la dimensión literaria que un pueblo alcanza a dar a su propia historia. Este trabajo convoca un repertorio representativo de esa tradición y analiza las vías por las que la Guerra de la Independencia y otras guerras de los dos últimos siglos se han incorporado a la memoria popular.