Hasil untuk "q-bio"

Chaojie Xu, Yecheng Xu, Mingsong Chen et al.

Abstract Soy protein based adhesives showed great potential for replacing petroleum derived formaldehyde adhesives in the commercial wood industry. However, soy protein adhesives have several problematic limitations, particularly with respect to low water and mildew resistence. As such, in order for soy protein-based adhesives to be practically applicable on an industrial level, a multi-function bio-based crosslinker that resolves both low water and mildew resistance must be designed. In this study, we synthesized a multifunctional crosslink agent (DDE) by reacting soybean-derived daidzein with epichlorohydrin (ECH) and incorporating it into soy protein to parpare a 100% bio wood adhesive with significantly improved water and mildew resistances. The results showed that by using 6 wt% DDE in the adhesive formulation, the dry and wet shear strength of plywood bonded with the SPI/DDE adhesive increased by 52.3% and 164.4%, respectively, compared with that of SPI adhesive; and was shown to be 22.3% and 69.6% higher than that of the industrially used SPI/PAE adhesive. These improvements were attributed to formation of double cross-linked network and elevated adhesive toughness. Furthermore, the resultant adhesive’s mildew resistance property were also improved with the addition of DDE, which extended the shelf life of adhesive and durability of the resultant plywood. Thus, this resultant DDE can be used to improve the mechanical properties and mildew resistance for bio-hydrogels or bio-based composites and polymers.

Marisol Gastelum-Cabrera, Pablo Mendez-Pfeiffer, Manuel G. Ballesteros-Monrreal et al.

<b>Background:</b> Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) show promises as antimicrobial biomaterials with use for combating multidrug-resistant microorganisms, and they are widely used in healthcare, medicine, and food industries. However, traditional physicochemical synthesis methods often require harsh conditions and toxic reagents, generating harmful waste. The synthesis of AgNPs using plant-derived bioactive compounds offers an eco-friendly alternative to conventional methods. <b>Methods:</b> In this study, a bio-green approach was employed to synthesize AgNPs using ethanolic extracts from <i>Antigonon leptopus</i> leaves (EXT-<i>AL</i>). The synthesis was optimized under different pH conditions (5.5, 8.0, 10.0) and EXT-<i>AL</i> concentrations (10–200 μg/mL). Antibacterial activity was evaluated against <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, and cytotoxicity was assessed in HeLa, CaCo-2, T731-GFP, and HaCaT cell lines. <b>Results:</b> UV-Vis spectroscopy confirmed nanoparticle formation, with a surface plasmon resonance peak at 410 nm. Alkaline conditions (pH 10.0) favored the formation of smaller, spherical AgNPs. Characterization by DLS, TEM, and AFM revealed uniform nanoparticles with a hydrodynamic diameter of 93.48 ± 1.88 nm and a zeta potential of −37.80 ± 1.28 mV. The AgNPs remained stable in Milli-Q water but tended to aggregate in PBS, DMEM, and MHB media. Antibacterial assays demonstrated significant bactericidal activity against <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> at 3.9 μg/mL (Ag⁺ equivalent). Cytotoxicity tests showed no toxicity to HeLa, T731-GFP, CaCo-2, or HaCaT cells at concentrations ≥ 7.8 μg/mL after 24 h. <b>Conclusions:</b> These findings highlight <i>Antigonon leptopus</i> extract as a sustainable and cost-effective resource for AgNPs synthesis, with strong antimicrobial properties and potential biomedical applications.

Menna Zayed, Eman Abd El-Aziz, Hanan A. Othman et al.

Abstract Incorporating phase change materials (PCMs) into textiles is a green technique to make smart fabrics that are more comfortable to wear in hot weather. In this study, innovative bio-based phase change material composites were created by esterifying fatty acids (myristic, palmitic, and stearic acids) with octadecanol and subsequently encapsulating them within a gelatin/pectin coacervated matrix. The composites were applied to cotton fabrics using a pad-dry-cure method, both before and after dyeing. Their thermal, morphological, and functional qualities were carefully tested. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that octadecanoyl stearate/gelatin–pectin (1:2 ratio) composites had the highest enthalpy (≈ 261 J/g) and the best duration index (DI), which meant they could store a lot of latent heat. SEM showed that the coatings were even and that the surface was smoother and more stable. FTIR confirmed that there were hydrogen bonding contacts between the composite and the cellulose substrate. After being washed several times, treated fabrics showed a big improvement in their capacity to regulate heat, comfort (Q-max, thermal resistance, and conductivity), and durability. Additionally, the order in which the dyeing was done affected thermoregulation. Fabrics that were colored first and subsequently treated had the best overall thermal and color performance. Mechanical testing indicated that the tensile strength was still there and that the crease recovery angles had gotten better, which proved that the structure was still strong. This study shows a scalable, entirely bio-based, and eco-friendly way to give cotton fabrics long-lasting thermoregulation. The breakthrough consists of the combined use of natural fatty acid–octadecanol phase change materials (PCMs) and gelatin/pectin biopolymer shells, providing a sustainable alternative to paraffin-based systems and enhancing functional textile creation for fashion, healthcare, and protective uses.

HARI MOHAN MEENA, M S MAVI, TANIYA SAINI et al.

A field experiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) season of 2019, 2020 and 2021 at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab to evaluate the potential of microbial bio-formulations with or without gypsum for ameliorating irrigation water-induced sodicity stress. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design (SPD) with irrigation water quality and gypsum application as the main treatment and microbial bio-formulation inoculation as the sub treatment with three replications. The soil was irrigated with canal water (CW) and sodic water (SW) (RSC 12.5 meq/L) while gypsum was applied at three rates, viz. 12.5%, 25% and 50% of gypsum requirement (GR) under SW. Cotton seeds were inoculated just before sowing with microbial consortia, viz. (a) un-inoculated; (b) Azo (Azotobacter); (c) Azo + PSB (phosphorous solubilizing bacteria) and (d) Azo + PSB + ZnSB (Zinc solubilizing bacteria). Results revealed that compared with CW irrigated plots, seed-cotton yield decreased by 27.4% in SW irrigated plots. Likewise, soil pH values increased by 8.0% while microbial biomass carbon (MBC) decreased by 19.0% under SW compared with CW irrigation. Among different bioformulations, the pooled mean value of seed cotton yield (SCY) was the maximum (45.9 q/ha) for plots inoculated with consortia of Azo + PSB + ZnSB relative to the un-inoculated treatment (41.8 q/ha). Application of microbial consortia Azo + PSB + ZnSB with gypsum (12.5% or 25% of GR) to SW-irrigated plots showed seed-cotton yield greater than those plots amended with gypsum at 50% GR. Similarly, soil pH and exchangeable sodium percentage decreased, whereas MBC and dehydrogenase- activity increased with combined application of gypsum and bioformulations. Therefore, it can be concluded that the farmers facing scarcity of good quality gypsum can use these bio-formulation to substitute some part of the gypsum requirement for ameliorating soils irrigated with SW.

Ya-Jun Liu, Bin Li, Yingang Feng et al.

Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant sustainable carbon source on the planet and has enormous potential to substitute fossil resources on the premise of cost-effective conversion. Efforts have been made to develop various lignocellulosic bioconversion strategies to overcome biomass recalcitrance, promote product conversion efficiency and reduce process cost. Consolidated bio-saccharification (CBS), a consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) derived strategy, is herein proposed for lignocellulose bioconversion by integrating enzyme production and hydrolysis steps but separating fermentation from the integrated process. This strategy employs cellulosome-producing microorganisms as a biocatalyst to enhance lignocellulose solubilization and produces lignocellulose-derived fermentable sugars as a platform product for fermentations aiming at various products. The success of CBS depends on robust biocatalysts with high activity, suitable pretreatments for efficient delignification, and downstream fermentations with process compatibility. The review introduces the updated progress on lignocellulose bioconversion following the CBS route, discusses key factors for optimization of the CBS process, and, more importantly, highlights challenges and promising solutions for the CBS strategy in the industrial application of lignocellulose bioconversion.

Yixun Chao, Rüdiger Dillmann, Arne Roennau et al.

To improve the rapidity of path planning for drones in unknown environments, a new bio-inspired path planning method using E-DQN (event-based deep <i>Q</i>-network), referring to introducing event stream to reinforcement learning network, is proposed. Firstly, event data are collected through an airsim simulator for environmental perception, and an auto-encoder is presented to extract data features and generate event weights. Then, event weights are input into DQN (deep <i>Q</i>-network) to choose the action of the next step. Finally, simulation and verification experiments are conducted in a virtual obstacle environment built with an unreal engine and airsim. The experiment results show that the proposed algorithm is adaptable for drones to find the goal in unknown environments and can improve the rapidity of path planning compared with that of commonly used methods.

Roozbeh Moazenzadeh, Okan Mert Katipoğlu, Ahmadreza Shateri et al.

This study aimed to develop an accurate and reliable model for predicting suspended sediment load (SL) in river systems, which is crucial for water resource management and environmental protection. While Xtreme Gradient Boosting (XGB), a powerful ensemble machine learning (ML) model, has been employed in previous studies, the novelty of this research lies in the introduction of a hybrid approach that synergistically combines XGB with the bio-inspired Marine Predators Algorithm (XGB-MPA) to estimate SL in the Yeşilirmak River (Turkey). To this end, streamflow (Q) and sediment concentration (SC) values as well as their lag times (1 to 3 month lag times) were fed as input variables – under 9 scenarios – into ML models. A time series of datasets from March 1973 to December 2011 and January 2012 to March 2023 were used for training and testing of ML models, respectively. The superiority of the proposed model (XGB-MPA) compared to two other hybrid models, including XGB-PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) and XGB-GWO (Grey Wolf Optimization) was also investigated. According to the results, the simultaneous application of Q and SC lag time values as inputs has led to the best SL estimates by XGB-MPA, with XGB-MPA9 (RMSE = 103.7 ton/day; NSE = 0.96) exhibiting the lowest error rates. In addition, XGB-MPA has performed better than XGB in all scenarios, with the lowest and highest reduction in RMSE being 19.3% (scenario 5) and 97.4% (scenario 1), respectively. When comparing the performance of hybrid models, the proposed XGB-MPA model has performed best with MAE, RMSE and NSE of 40.94, 103.7 and 0.96, respectively, in comparison with 816.02, 1063.74 and −2.94 for XGB-PSO and 693.16, 981.68 and −2.37 for XGB-GWO. Further research can include the use of time series of efficient variables extracted from satellite images (e.g. land cover, river morphology, etc.) as model inputs.Highlights Improvement of SL estimation by coupling MPA with XGB modelUsing delayed combinations of streamflow and sediment concentration as model inputsSuperiority of MPA compare to PSO and GWO in SL estimationGreater variations in SHAP caused by sediment concentration compared to streamflowFurther studies required on the effects of hydrological and topographical features

Xia J, Li X, Bai C et al.

Jingdong Xia,1,2 Xiudan Li,1,2 Chunying Bai,2 Xuchen Han1 1Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University, Chifeng, The Inner Mongol Autonomous Region, Chifeng, People’s Republic of China; 2Key Laboratory of Research on Human Genetic Diseases at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Chifeng, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Xuchen Han; Xiudan Li, Email hanxuchen2004@163.com; 1248337580@qq.comAbstract: Coenzyme Q has garnered significant attention due to its potential role in enhancing cellular energy production and its antioxidant properties. We delve into the therapeutic potential of coenzyme Q in managing diabetes mellitus and its complications, highlighting its capacity to improve mitochondrial function, reduce inflammation and oxidative stress, and correct lipid profiles. Coenzyme Q has shown promise in ameliorating insulin resistance and alleviating complications such as diabetic peripheral neuropathy, kidney disease, retinopathy, and cardiomyopathy. However, its clinical application is limited by poor bio-availability. This review also provides a comprehensive overview of current therapeutic strategies for diabetes complications involving coenzyme Q, including stimulating endogenous synthesis and utilizing carrier transport systems, offering insights into mechanisms for enhancing coenzyme Q bio-availability. These findings suggest that, with improved delivery methods, coenzyme Q could become a valuable adjunct therapy in the management of diabetes mellitus.Keywords: coenzyme Q, diabetes mellitus, diabetic complications

Yuanyuan Zhan, Xujuan Wu, Shasha Wang et al.

Q. M. S. Jamal, Varish Ahmad

Microbes are ubiquitous in the biosphere, and their therapeutic and ecological potential is not much more explored and still needs to be explored more. The bacilli are a heterogeneous group of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Lysinibacillus are dominantly found as motile, spore-forming, Gram-positive bacilli belonging to phylum Firmicutes and the family Bacillaceae. Lysinibacillus species initially came into light due to their insecticidal and larvicidal properties. Bacillus thuringiensis, a well-known insecticidal Lysinibacillus, can control many insect vectors, including a malarial vector and another, a Plasmodium vector that transmits infectious microbes in humans. Now its potential in the environment as a piece of green machinery for remediation of heavy metal is used. Moreover, some species of Lysinibacillus have antimicrobial potential due to the bacteriocin, peptide antibiotics, and other therapeutic molecules. Thus, this review will explore the biological disease control abilities, food preservative, therapeutic, plant growth-promoting, bioremediation, and entomopathogenic potentials of the genus Lysinibacillus.

M. Bilal, Nazim Hussain, J. H. P. Américo-Pinheiro et al.

Fan Wu, Q. Yu, Changwu Liu

Abstract The organic matter, surface properties and biodegradation of bio-based aggregates are the main factors for their poor performance of bio-based lightweight concrete. In the present study, heat-treatment is applied to bio-aggregates for reducing their negative impacts on cement hydration and performance of thermal insulating bio-based lightweight concrete. The results show that heat-treated bio-aggregates have reduced negative impacts on cement hydration by the decomposition of organic matter and increase of the pH of the leachate, and significantly improves the mechanical strength of concrete. The 28-day compressive strength and flexural strength of heat-treated apricot shell (HAS) concrete increase by 50.2% and 87.7%, respectively, compared to the untreated apricot shell (AS) concrete. The bio-based lightweight concrete in this study has an excellent thermal insulation property, and the thermal conductivity varies from 0.56 W/m·K and 1.25 W/m·K. Moreover, the heat-treated bio-based aggregate significantly reduces the drying shrinkage of concrete. At 108 days, the drying shrinkage of concrete containing heat-treated aggregates reduces by 29.2%-36.1%. Besides, the heat-treated bio-based aggregate enhances the resistance to freeze–thaw cycles, attributed to the reduced micro-cracks and porosity of concrete. Therefore, heat treatment can improve the properties of bio-based aggregates and significantly increase the durability of thermal insulating bio-based lightweight concrete.

Guangnan Zhang, Z. H. Ali, M. Aldlemy et al.

Syed Kumayl Raza Moosavi, Muhammad Hamza Zafar, Filippo Sanfilippo et al.

Stress affects individual of all ages as a regular part of life, but excessive and chronic stress can lead to physical and mental health problems, decreased productivity, and reduced quality of life. By identifying stress at an early stage, individuals can take steps to manage it effectively and improve their overall well-being. Feature selection is a critical aspect of early stress detection because it helps identify the most relevant and informative features that can differentiate between stressed and non-stressed individuals. This paper firstly proposes a variance based feature selection technique that uses q-learning embedded Starling Murmuration Optimiser (QLESMO) to choose relevant features from a publicly available dataset in which stresses experienced by nurses working during the Covid&#x2019;19 Pandemic is recorded using bio-signals and user surveys. Furthermore, a comparative study with other metaheuristic based feature selection techniques have been demonstrated. Next, to evaluate the efficacy of the proposed algorithm, 10 benchmark test functions have been used. The reduced feature subset is then classified through a 1D convolutional neural network (CNN) model (QLESMO-CNN) and is seen to perform well in terms of the evaluation metrics in comparison to other competitive algorithms. Finally, the proposed technique is compared with the State-of-the-Art methodologies present in literature. The experiments provide a strong basis to determine features that are most relevant for early mental stress classification using a hybrid model combining CNN, Reinforcement Learning and metaheuristic algorithms.

C. Rualthankhuma, N. C. Sarkar

A field experiment was carried out in the experimental research farm of School of Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development (SASRD), Nagaland University dur­ing April to September, 2008 to study the Influence of organic sources of nutrients in enhancing productivity of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.). The treatments were vermicompost @ 3 t ha-1, Farmyard manure (FYM) @ 12 t ha-1, Vegetable sea weed manure (VSWM) @ 25 kg ha-1 + FYM @ 2 t ha-1, Azospirillum + FYM @ 9 t ha-1, Bio-activated algal sea weed manure (BASWM) @ 25 kg ha-1 + FYM @ 2 t ha-1, Azospirillum + Vermicompost @ 2.25 t ha-1 and control replicated thrice laid out in Randomized Block Design. The investigation revealed that application of Azospirillum + FYM @ 9 t ha-1 recorded Maximum (489.1 g, 146, 275) dry weight m-2, number of panicles m-2 and grains panicle-1 contributing to highest (28.17 and 56.27 q ha-1, respectively) grain and straw yield. Similarly, the same treatment also yielded highest (34.93, 29.26 and 188.2 kg ha-1, respectively) N uptake by grain and straw as well as available nitrogen

Minhyuk Lee, Seonhye Shin, Sungjee Kim et al.

Aptamers have been spotlighted as promising bio-recognition elements because they can be tailored to specific target molecules, bind to targets with a high affinity and specificity, and are easy to chemically synthesize and introduce functional groups to. In particular, fluorescent aptasensors are widely used in biological applications to diagnose diseases as well as prevent diseases by detecting cancer cells, viruses, and various biomarkers including nucleic acids and proteins as well as biotoxins and bacteria from food because they have the advantages of a high sensitivity, selectivity, rapidity, a simple detection process, and a low price. We introduce screening methods for isolating aptamers with q high specificity and summarize the sequences and affinities of the aptamers in a table. This review focuses on aptamer-based fluorescence detection sensors for biological applications, from fluorescent probes to mechanisms of action and signal amplification strategies.

Roohollah Miri Bydokhti , Mohammad Hassan Karimpour, José Francisco Santos et al.

Balazard prospecting area is located in eastern Iran, about 120 km south-west of Nehbandan in the Central part of Lut Block. This area consists of exposed Eocene volcanic rocks, intruded by several diorite and monzodiorite dykes and stocks. These intrusive rocks display porphyritic textures with mm-sized phenocrysts, most commonly of plagioclase, clinopyroxene and hornblende, embedded in a fine-grained groundmass with variable amounts of plagioclase, quartz, and opaque minerals. The assessment of geochemical properties of the major elements showed that these granitoids are metaluminous and of high-K calc-alkaline variety. The patterns of trace elements are identical, denoting enrichments in the light REE (LREE) to heavy REE (HREE). Moreover, LILE enrichment relative to HFSE and Nb, Ti, and P show negative anomalies. The Eu/Eu* ratios range from 0.96 to 0.76, which means that the plagioclase is a slag remnant in the origin of magma. The (87Sr/86Sr)i values of the assessed intrusive rocks range from 0.706 to 0.707, assuming an Oligocene age, while the εNdi values are between -1.9 to -3.2. These results manifest that the magmas were contaminated by continental crust. The contamination has probably occurred over the ascent of magma to crustal levels, and geochemical data verifies the preposition that the investigated intrusions were intruded in a volcanic belt resting on a subduction zone. Early magmas were created through the melting of mantle wedge peridotite, occasioning magma differentiation through crystal fractionation and crust contamination as they ascended to crustal levels. Introduction Balazard prospecting area is located 120 km of the south-west of Nehbandan in South Khorasan Province, Iran. The area is part of the volcanic-plutonic belt known as Lut Block, which owns an elongated shape stretched north-southwardly. Nehbandan Fault forms the eastern boundary of Lut Block. This is while it has been bordered by the Great Kavir Fault in the north, and by Nayband Fault in the west. The southern part of the block is likely defined by South Jazmourian Fault. Karimpour et al. (2012) argue that ~65% of the rocks cropped out in Lut Block are volcanic and plutonic. The magmatic activity of Lut Block initiated over the Middle Jurassic, particularly between 165-162 million years ago, which was associated with the intrusion of Shah-Kuh batholith (Esmaeily et al., 2005). This activity reached its highest level over the Tertiary period, particularly over the Middle Eocene (Arjmandzadeh & Santos, 2014). Over half of Lut Block is overlain by volcanic and subvolcanic rocks of Tertiary. These rocks show a thickness of up to 2000 m. They have been developed as a result of subduction before the collision between the Arabian and Asian plates (Berberian & King, 1981). There is a perceptible potential for a variety of mineralization in Eastern Iran and particularly in Lut Block, which is due to its past tectonism as a subduction zone that led to extensive magmatic activity. The Middle Eocene to the Early Oligocene (30-39 million years ago) is perceptible, particularly, in respect of magmatism and mineralization (Karimpour et al., 2012). Karimpour et al. (2012) believe that a great deal of the magmatism and mineralization events in eastern Iran have occurred over the Tertiary. However, mineralization associated with Cretaceous magmatism has also been identified, such as Sn-Cu mineralization observed in Cretaceous monzonitic rocks in Kalateh Ahani (Karimpour et al., 2012). Here we present new geochemical data (elemental and isotopic) from shallow intrusive rocks, with the aim of providing a more detailed understanding of the petrogenetic processes and geodynamic evolution of Lut Block. Material and methods A total of six samples from unaltered intrusive rocks at Balazard prospecting area and representing the main lithologies were grabbed to chemically analyze major and trace elements through petrographic assessment. Major and trace elements were determined using fused disks and a Philips PW 1410 spectrometer through wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry. The chemical analysis was undertaken at Amethyst Laboratory in Mashhad, Iran. Inductively Coupled Plasma-mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) was applied to analyze four of the samples for trace elements at Acme Laboratories in Vancouver (Canada). The samples were tested by a lithium metaborate/tetraborate fusion and total digestion with nitric acid prior to analysis. Four whole-rock samples of Balazard granitoid rocks were analyzed for their Sr and Nd isotopic compositions at the University of Aveiro's Laboratory of Isotope Geology in Portugal. The ground samples were treated with a HF/HNO3 solution in Teflon Parr acid digestion bombs, which were heated at 200°C for three days. The ultimate solution was evaporated and the samples were then dissolved in HCl (6.2 N) in acid digestion bombs and dried again. The elements were purified before being analyzed by means of a two-stage conventional ion chromatography technique: a) Sr and REE elements were separated in an ion exchange column by AG8 50W Bio-Rad cation exchange resin; b) Nd was purified from other lanthanides by means of columns with Ln Resin (ElChrom Technologies) cation exchange resin. All reagents that were applied to prepare the samples were sub-boiling distilled, and the water was produced using a Milli-Q Element (Millipore) apparatus. Sr was loaded onto a single Ta filament with H3PO4, while Nd was loaded onto a Ta outer side filament with HCl in a triple filament arrangement. The 87Sr/86Sr and 143Nd/144Nd isotopic ratios were determined using a Multi-Collector Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometer (TIMS) VG Sector 54, with data acquired in dynamic mode and peak measurements at 1-2 V for 88Sr and 0.5-1.0 V for 144Nd. The Sr and Nd isotopic ratios were corrected for mass fractionation relative to 88Sr/86Sr = 0.1194 and 146Nd/144Nd = 0.7219. While the investigation was in progress, the SRM-987 standard yielded an average 87Sr/86Sr value of 0.710266 ± 14 (conf. lim 95%, N = 13) and a 143Nd/144Nd value of 0.5121019 ± 75 (conf. lim 95%, N = 12) in comparison to the JNdi-1 standard. Result and discussion Balazard intrusive rocks consist of diorite, quartz diorite, and quartz monzodiorite, and exhibit characteristics typical of high-K calc-alkaline rocks from a volcanic arc setting. The primitive mantle-normalized trace element spider diagrams display significant enrichment in LILE, including Rb, Sr, Ba, Zr, Cs, and Th, and depletion in some HFSE, such as P, Nb, and Y. Chondrite-normalized plots exhibit LREE enrichment and a significant La/Yb fractionation. Balazard granitoid rocks have (87Sr/86Sr)i values that vary between 0.7064 and 0.7066. In terms of isotopic compositions, Balazard granitoid rocks have εNdi between -1.9 and -3.2. The geochemical data are commensurate with the settlement of the investigated intrusions in a magmatic belt above a subduction zone suggesting contamination through being exposed to the continental crust during magma ascent to crustal levels. Balazard granitoid rocks display a range of (87Sr/86Sr)i values between 0.7064 and 0.7066. Additionally, the isotopic compositions of the rocks show εNdi values ranging from -1.9 to -3.2. These geochemical characteristics suggest that the investigated intrusions were emplaced in a magmatic belt above a subduction zone and were subsequently contaminated during magma ascent to continental crust.

S. Pech-Cohuo, Héctor Martín-López, J. Uribe‐Calderon et al.

The properties of biological-chemical chitosan (BCh) films from marine-industrial waste and a non-conventional Ramon starch (RS) (Brosimum alicastrum) were investigated. Blended films of BCh/RS were prepared to a volume ratio of 4:1 and 1:4, named (BChRS-80+q, biological-chemical chitosan 80% v/v and Ramon starch, BChRS-20+q, biological-chemical chitosan 20% v/v and Ramon starch, both with quercetin), Films from commercial chitosan (CCh) and corn starch (CS), alone or blended (CChCS-80+q, commercial chitosan 80% v/v and corn starch, CChCS-20+q commercial chitosan 20% v/v and corn starch, both with quercetin) were also prepared for comparison purposes. Films were investigated for their physicochemical characteristics such as thickness, moisture, swelling, water-vapor permeability, and water solubility. In addition, their mechanical and structural properties were studied using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) techniques. Antioxidant activity was evaluated as radical scavenging, and antimicrobial effect was also determined. The BCh and RS films presented similar tensile strength values compared with commercial biopolymers. Only films with chitosan presented antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. The FTIR spectra confirmed the interactions between functional groups of the biopolymers. Although, BChRS-80+q and BChRS-20+q films exhibited poor mechanical performance compared to their commercial counterparts, they showed good thermal stability, and improved antioxidant and antimicrobial activity in the presence of quercetin. BChRS-80+q and BChRS-20+q films have promising applications due to their biological activity and mechanical properties, based on a novel material that has been underutilized (Ramon starch) that does not compete with materials for human feeding and may be used as a coating for food products.

Yanfei Li, Wanhang Zhou, Peiyi Li et al.

This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and histological outcomes of autogenous demineralised dentin matrix (ADDM) as bone graft material compared with Bio-Oss® in bone augmentation for the treatment of patients with oral bone deficits. Eight databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, CNKI, and WFPD) were searched for randomised controlled trials (RCT) performed from the date of inception of each database to July 2021. The Cochrane Collaboration's risk assessment tool was used to conduct the methodological quality assessment. Stata 15.0 software was used to perform data analysis. Seven RCTs including 220 patients were considered eligible for this study. No significant difference was found in the percentage of new bone formation (NBF) and implant stability quotient (ISQ). Patients who received ADDM grafting showed a significantly lower sinus height (SH) and percentage of residual graft material (RGM) compared with Bio-Oss® grafting. ADDM is as effective as Bio-Oss® in bone augmentation for oral bone defects.

Shengbo Ge, N. Ma, Shuaicheng Jiang et al.

We used an innovative approach involving hot pressing, low energy consumption, and no adhesive to transform bamboo biomass into a natural sustainable fiber-based bio-composite for structural and furniture applications. Analyses showed strong internal bonding through mechanical "nail-like" nano substances, hydrogen, and ester and ether bonds. The bio-composite encompasses a 10-fold increase in internal bonding strength with improved water resistance, fire safety, and environmental friendly properties compared to existing furniture materials using hazardous formaldehyde-based adhesives. Compared to natural bamboo material, this new bio-composite have improved fire and water resistance while there is no need for toxic adhesives (mostly made from formaldehyde-based resin), easing the concern of harmful formaldehyde-based VOC emission and ensuring better indoor air quality. This surpass existing structural and furniture materials made by synthetic adhesives. Interestingly, our approach can 100% convert discarded bamboo biomass into this bio-composite, representing a potentially cost reduction alternative with high revenue. Te underlying fragment riveting and cell collapse binding are obviously a new technology approach which offers an economically and sustainable high-performance bio-composite that provides solutions to structural and furniture materials bound with synthetic adhesives.