Marvyn R. Arévalo Avalos, Karina Rosales, Chris Karr
et al.
Abstract StayWell is a 60-day CBT/DBT-based text messaging intervention which leverages reinforcement learning algorithms to support mental health. Participants were randomly assigned to receiving personalized messaging (adaptive arm), static messaging (random arm) or mood-monitoring only messages (control arm). A diverse sample of 1121 adults participated in a fully remote trial between December 2021 and July 2022. Across study arms, participants showed a 25% reduction in depression symptoms (PHQ-8) and 24% reduction in anxiety symptoms (GAD-7) following the intervention. We did not find statistically significant differences in PHQ-8 and GAD-7 reductions between intervention arms. Participants in the control arm had higher mood-monitoring messages response rates than those in other conditions. Finally, post-hoc exploratory analysis assessing outcomes by condition indicated that patients with minimal to mild depression symptoms (PHQ-8 < 10) benefitted from the reinforcement learning algorithm. The results of this trial suggest that StayWell is a promising text-messaging intervention to achieve reductions in depression and anxiety among diverse populations.
Anders A. Jensen, Claudia R. Cecchi, M. Hibicke
et al.
Psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy has over the last decade emerged as a promising treatment strategy for mental health disease, and the therapeutic potential in classical psychedelics such as psilocybin, LSD and 5-MeO-DMT is presently being pursued in a plethora of clinical trials. However, the resurgent interest in the drugs as therapeutics has also prompted a search for novel agents with more specific pharmacological activities than the rather promiscuous classical psychedelics. Here we present the results of an elaborate preclinical characterization of one such compound, LPH-5 [(S)-3-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)piperidine]. LPH-5 was found to be a potent partial agonist at the 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2AR) and to exhibit pronounced selectivity for this receptor over the related 5-HT2B and 5-HT2C receptors in a range of functional assays. LPH-5 (0.375 – 12.0 mg/kg, i.p.) dose-dependently induced head-twitch responses (HTR) in Sprague Dawley rats, with substantial 5-HT2AR engagement being observed at 0.5-1.0 mg/kg. Acute administration of LPH-5 (1.5 mg/kg, i.p.) induced robust antidepressant-like effects in Flinders Sensitive Line rats and adrenocorticotropic hormone-treated Sprague Dawley rats, and LPH-5 (0.3 and 1.5 mg/kg, i.p.) induced significant effects in a recently developed Wistar Kyoto rat model proposed to reflect the long-term antidepressant-like effects produced by psychedelics in humans. In conclusion, selective 5-HT2AR activation, as mediated here by LPH- 5, seems to hold antidepressant potential, suggesting that this activity component is key for the beneficial effects of classical psychedelics. Hence, we propose that LPH-5 and other 5-HT2AR- selective agonists could hold potential as therapeutics in psychiatric disease as a new generation of psychedelic-derived antidepressant.
Dini Rakhmawati, Venty Venty, Heri Saptadi Ismanto
et al.
Online gender-based violence (OGBV) in Indonesia has experienced a significant increase in 2023 compared to the previous year. OGBV is a term that refers to acts of violence or sexual harassment, especially targeting women, which are carried out through internet technology. Teenagers are a generation of digital natives who are highly dependent on internet technology. Engaging in harmful content online has also been shown to pose a danger to physical and mental health. Understanding adolescents' perceptions and attitudes towards OGBV is a crucial step in efforts to overcome and prevent it. This study aims to: 1) Identify adolescents' perception of OGBV based on gender and social background; 2) Analyze adolescents' attitudes towards OGBV based on gender and social background. This quantitative survey design took the research subjects of high schools in Semarang, approximately 30882 adolescents in 16 sub-districts in Semarang with a random sampling technique using a total of 545 respondents. Because the data was not normally distributed, the data analysis used The Mann-Whitney U test and The Kruskal-Wallis H analysis. The results of the study show that women's perception is better than men's. The higher the socio-economic status, the better the perception of OGBV. Women's attitudes are higher than men's attitudes towards OGBV. There was no significant difference in OGBV's attitude based on socioeconomic status.
La psicobiografía, pese a contar con un largo recorrido de aplicación en otros países, apenas es conocida en España y mucho menos es empleada en la investigación y formación en psicología. El presente artículo explica y delimita conceptualmente el método de la psicobiografía distinguiéndola de la historia de vida, la patografía, la psicohistoria o el estudio de caso. Ofrece una revisión histórica que abarca desde sus orígenes hasta la actualidad, mostrando el crecimiento y aceptación que ha tenido este tipo de investigación a nivel internacional. A continuación, se hace hincapié en el beneficio de este método para los futuros psicólogos clínicos y de la salud, así como áreas afines, además de sugerir la conveniencia de incorporarla, por tanto, en la formación universitaria.
Background: A stroke is the sudden loss of neural function caused by an interruption of blood flow to the brain. It causes symptoms such as paresis, hypoesthesia, cognitive impairment, spasticity.
Objective(s): To compare the effects of Perfetti’s Method versus routine physical therapy on cognition, dexterity, and sensory motor function of the upper extremity in stroke patients.
Methodology: In this study, 74 stroke participants were enrolled. Randomised into two groups, with 37 patients in each group. Group A was treated with routine physical therapy, and Group B was treated with Perfetti’s Method and routine physical therapy. The measurements of both groups were recorded at the beginning of the study and after the 12th post-treatment week. Sensory motor function was measured with the Fugal-Meyer Assessment Upper Extremity (FMA-UE), dexterity was measured with the Box and Block Test (BBT), and level of cognition was measured with the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) in both groups at the beginning of the study and after the end of training (12th post-treatment weak). Data was gathered using the Purposive sampling method and data entered into SPSS-25 for statistical analysis.
Results: According to this study 74 participants, mean age was 53.21±12.02 male were 45(60.8%) and female were 29(40.2%). Mean Body Mass Index was 23.23±3.47. Right Side was affected among 32(43.2%) and Left Side was affected among 42(56.8%) Sensory Motor Function mean was Pretreatment 66.70±26.88 and Post-treatment 110.09±11.91. Level of Cognition mean was pretreatment 22.62±3.30 and Post-treatment 29.31±1.47. Dexterity mean Pretreatment was 8.18±11.64 and Post-treatment was 84.48±15.03. P Value was 0.00 which was <0.005 which means that there was significant difference between the mean value of pretreatment and post-treatment sensory motor function, Level of Cognition and Dexterity. There was significant difference between the mean value of Group A and B in sensory motor function, Level of Cognition and Dexterity as the P Value was 0.027, 0.04 and 0.02 respectively.
Conclusion:
Perfetti's method was more effective than routine physical therapy.
Vocational rehabilitation. Employment of people with disabilities, Therapeutics. Psychotherapy
Caroline P Babin, Nicole T Catalano, David M Yancey
et al.
Background: Millions of Americans are burdened by overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome and the psychogenic and economic hardships that accompany it. Several theories attempt to explain OAB as a neurogenic dysfunction, myogenic dysfunction, urothelial dysfunction, or decreased expression of a channel protein secondary to bladder outlet obstruction. Given that the etiology of OAB is a working theory, the management of OAB is also an evolving subject matter in medicine. There are uncertainties surrounding the pathophysiology of OAB, the strength of a clinical diagnosis, and accurate reporting because of the disease's stigma and decreased use of health care. Data Sources: This is a narrative review that used PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline, and ScienceDirect to review literature on current and future OAB therapies. Results: Currently, first-line treatment for OAB is behavioral therapy that uses lifestyle modifications, bladder-control techniques, and psychotherapy. Second-line therapy includes antimuscarinic agents or beta 3 adrenergic agonists, and studies have shown that combination therapy with antimuscarinics and beta 3 adrenergic agonists provides even greater efficacy than monotherapy. Third-line therapies discussed include onabotulinumtoxinA, posterior tibial nerve stimulation, and sacral neuromodulation. OnabotulinumtoxinA has been FDA-approved as a nonpharmaceutical treatment option for refractory OAB with minimal side effects restricted to the urinary tract. Posterior tibial nerve modulation and sacral neuromodulation are successful in treating refractory OAB, but the costs and complication rates make them high-risk procedures. Therefore, surgical intervention should be a last resort. Estrogen therapy is effective in alleviating urinary incontinence in postmenopausal women, consistent with the association between estrogen deficiency and genitourinary syndrome. Potassium channel activators, voltage-gated calcium channel blockers, and phosphodiesterase inhibitors look to be promising options for the future of OAB management. As new therapies are developed, individuals with OAB can better personalize their treatment to maximize their quality of life and cost-effective care.
Purpose Placebo terminology and their applications are well embedded in clinical and research contexts. This review seeks to clarify the principles of good placebo control design and to offer recommendations for improving placebos in digital mental healthcare. Recent Findings Terminological confusions associated with understanding the function of placebos in pharmacology and psychotherapy reveal an underappreciation of the challenges associated with designing adequate placebo controls in clinical trials. It would be surprising if similar challenges did not arise with the testing of digital therapeutics, and emerging evidence shows an attendant lack of placebo literacy in digital health. Summary Despite the burgeoning health app economy with tens of thousands of apps now available to download by consumers, few researchers have interrogated what constitutes a good placebo control in digital healthcare. This review sought to disambiguate placebo concepts and to offer recommendations for improving placebo design to advance and future proof the field digital therapeutics.
Depressive disorders represent the largest proportion of mental illnesses, and by 2030, they are expected to be the first cause of disability-adjusted life years [1]. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated prevalence and burden of depression and increased the occurrence of depressive symptoms in general population [2]. The urgency of implementing mental health services to address new barriers to care persuaded clinicians to use telemedicine to follow patients and stay in touch with them, and to explore digital therapeutics (DTx) as potential tools for clinical intervention [2]. The combination of antidepressants and psychotherapy is widely recommended for depression by international guidelines [3] but is less frequently applied in real-world practice. Commonly used treatments are pharmacological, but while being effective, some aspects such as adherence to the drug regimen, residual symptoms, resistance, lack of information, and stigma may hinder successful treatment. In case of less severe depression, standalone psychological therapies should be the first-line treatment option [3], but access to trained psychotherapists remains inequitable. DTx are evidence-based therapies driven by software programs to treat or complement treatment of a specific disease. DTx are classified as Medical Devices, and given their therapeutic purpose, they need to be validated through randomized controlled clinical trials, as for drug-based therapies. In the last 10 years, studies of digital interventions have proliferated; these studies demonstrate that digital interventions increase remission rates and lower the severity of depressive symptoms compared with waitlist, treatment as usual, and attention control conditions [4]. Despite the efficacy demonstrated in clinical trials, many of these tools never reach real-life patients; thus, it might be necessary to implement DTx in the public health system to expand access to valid treatment options. In this framework, DTx represent a good opportunity to help people with depression receive optimal psychotherapeutic care [5].
In recent years, various meaning-based intervention programs aiming not only to reduce the negative psychological symptoms experienced by people diagnosed with cancer but also to enrich their lives by connecting with their sources of meaning and values in life, have been devel-oped. The aim of the present study was to systematically examine the characteristics and outcomes of interventions that focus directly on developing a sense of meaning and purpose in life in people diagnosed with cancer. In this context, a systematic literature review was conducted using six electronic databases, namely PsycINFO, MEDLINE, CINAHL Complete, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. As a result of the literature search conducted between 2000 and 2022, 20 studies including 14 different intervention programs focusing on meaning-making and meaning in life for people diagnosed with cancer were identified. The sample of the studies in the review consisted mostly of women, middle-aged and older people diagnosed with advanced can-cer. Breast and lung cancer is the most common type of cancer in the articles in this review. The majority of the studies in the review were theoretically influenced by Viktor Frankl's studies and adopted the existential approach in psychotherapy. When the effects of meaning-based inter-ventions were evaluated, it was found that they are highly effective in improving the sense of meaning, quality of life, and spiritual well-being. It was also thought to have relatively positive effects on anxiety, depression, emotional distress, optimism, and hopelessness levels. Because of these effects, it could be said that meaning-focused interventions are a promising approach both in answering the questions of people diagnosed with cancer about meaning and existence and in reducing their emotional distress. On the other hand, new studies using a more rigorous research methodology are needed to make more comprehensive conclusions about meaning-focused interventions.
Andi Tenri Faradiba, Anindya Dewi Paramita, Airin Triwahyuni
et al.
The Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF) is a tool designed to evaluate an individual's overall mental health and well-being, encompassing emotional, psychological, and social dimensions. Adopted in several countries, including Portugal, South Korea, Italy, and France, the present study aims to adapt the MHC-SF for the Indonesian context and assess its psychometric properties. The adaptation followed the ITC Guidelines for Adapting Tests, an international standard for adapting and psychometrically testing measuring instruments. The content validity was evaluated through the involvement of three experts and four reviewers in assessing the results of the Indonesian translation. Data was collected from a sample of 256 students, who participated by filling out an online questionnaire. The results of the content validity indicated that the 14-item instrument was relevant to the purpose of measuring well-being. Construct validity showed a three-factor structure (emotional well-being, psychological well-being, and social well-being) with a fit model, and all items had a factor loading value greater than .5, indicating their validity. The reliability test revealed consistent results with alpha coefficient values in the range of .7 to .8 for the three dimensions, demonstrating that the instrument can provide consistent results when used on the same individual in different situations. This study concludes that the Indonesian version of the MHC-SF is valid and reliable for assessing an individual's well-being.
Oleksandr Kocharian, Nataliia Barinova, Sergey A. Barinov
In Ukraine, important processes are underway to identify those areas of psychotherapy that deserve official recognition by law. The official recognition of psychotherapeutic methods and techniques is associated with the fact that they are recognized as clinically and statistically effective. Such psychotherapy is reimbursed by insurance and is actively promoted in training courses, often "at the expense of other methods of psychotherapy." The psychotherapeutic procedure itself is becoming more and more standardized and impersonal, conforming to a protocol. The fate of client-centered and experiential psychotherapy (PCE-therapy) is not so easy in the world: evidence of its effectiveness is not reflected in the NICE (National Center for Collaboration in Mental Health) guidelines for depression and schizophrenia, which to some extent determine health policy. Therefore, there are widespread prejudices about the ineffectiveness of this type of therapy: it is not effective for severe mental illness, crisis states, specific phobias and traumas, behavioral problems, for those clients who need a directive approach, for assessing and diagnosing clients, etc. The article presents specific studies of the effectiveness of client-centered and experiential psychotherapy for specific symptoms (anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, borderline personality disorders, and some somatic disorders), as well as data from a meta-analysis of the effectiveness of client-centered and experiential therapy. PCE-therapy proved to be highly effective according to the criteria: "before-after" treatment; 2) "treatment-no treatment"; 3) "comparison with other types of psychotherapy" - the data obtained are generally statistically and clinically equivalent in terms of effectiveness to other methods of psychotherapy. PCE therapy proved to be the most effective in the following cases: interpersonal problems, self-harming behavior, coping with chronic somatic diseases, psychosis. It turned out that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has mixed benefits compared to PCE therapy. However, Elliott et al. note that, firstly, these "studies were mostly performed by CBT therapists" and, secondly, "low-quality versions of PCE therapy were used as comparison conditions". The most effective methods of PCE therapy were EFT and PCT. A list of approaches included in PCA-therapy is given, and their general characteristics are given.
Abstract:Over the past decade and a half, psychedelic drug-induced experiences have been returning to psychiatry as promising new healing modalities. The case of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy can inform how we think about the context of drug use because psychedelics are commonly considered to be sensitive to the ‘[mind] set and setting’ of their use. As such, epistemic and therapeutic concerns among psychedelic researchers and therapists over the importance of set and setting are interwoven. My ethnography of psychedelic therapeutics both inside and outside of the clinical trials on the east coast of the United States from 2015 to 2019 suggests that there are added political and economic imperatives to contain psychedelic use. Working with this insight, I suggest psychedelic researchers and therapists are producing immense experiences that tend to overflow the attempts at their containment. I also identify two qualities central to the set and setting of the emerging modality of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy. The first is a labor of protecting spaces which reveals an attentiveness to disconnection that can be read as in tension with the more commonly evoked emphasis on connection found within psychedelic discourses. The second is how psychedelic experiences (as ‘mind-manifesting’) are understood to reflect the self, and in so doing re-present epistemic disagreements about the nature of the self thus reflected. Taken together, I propose that these two qualities of psychedelic containment offer an analytics for reading the contemporary cultural politics of psychedelic use.
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a devastating psychiatric disorder characterized by extreme restriction of food intake and low body weight, both associated with significant medical and psychological morbidity. The clinical severity of AN has prompted the consideration and study of behavioral and pharmacological treatments in efforts to establish empirically based methods to reduce the burden of the disorder. Among adolescents, family-based treatment is considered a first-line behavioral treatment. Research continues to explore the efficacy of family-based treatment and predictors of treatment response to further improve outcomes. Several behavioral treatments for adults also exist, including cognitive-behavioral therapy, exposure and response prevention, third-wave acceptance-based treatments, and supportive psychotherapy, all of which help to improve symptoms and promote modest weight gain. Despite this, no one treatment is considered superior, and all existing behavioral approaches leave a proportion of adults symptomatic or at a high risk of relapse. As such, among adults, there is continued need for development of novel, mechanism-based approaches to better target the core symptoms of AN. Although antidepressants impart little benefit on weight or symptoms, the second-generation antipsychotic olanzapine has shown ability to promote modest weight gain in outpatients with AN. Most recently, the field's evolving conceptualization of AN as a biologically based disorder coupled with technological advancements has led to consideration of varying neuromodulation strategies as a potential therapeutic approach that remains under investigation.
Langgeng Sutopo, Heru Masfiyatul Asriyah, M. Ari Wibowo
et al.
Students with positive self-esteem tend to be confident, easy to make friends, happy, optimistic, have high motivation both academically and non-academicly, dare to take risks, are independent, responsible and achieve The meaning of hijrah is also a trend to show off that it has routine activities that are useful not on the basis of the heart's movement to change, then the meaning of hijrah is also limited to changing clothes that are more closed and more arrogant, of course this has the wrong meaning. Full meaning of something will certainly produce good conclusions, especially on the meaning of hijrah. Having the wrong meaning of hijrah that is not in accordance with Islamic values will certainly make a teenager who does not have a positive self-concept.
This study aims to determine the relationship between work family enrichment with turnover intention. The hypothesis of this study states that there is a negative relationship between work family enrichment and turnover intention, assuming that the higher the work family enrichment, the lower the turnover intention and conversely the lower the work family enrichment, the higher the turnover intention. The subjects of this study were 105 officer of Tango Musik Medan. Data were obtained from a scale to measure the work family enrichment and turnover intention. Calculations were performed to test the requirements analysis (assumption) that consisted of a test for normality and linearity. The data were analyzed by Product Moment Correlation with SPSS 17 for Windows. The results of data analysis showed that the correlation coefficient was -.622 with a significance value of 0.000 (p <0.05). It showed that there is a negative relationship between work family enrichment and turnover intention. The results of this study indicate that the contributions made by the variable of work family enrichment on turnover intention was 38 percent, while the remaining 62 percent was influenced by other factors not examined. From these results it is concluded that the hypothesis stating that there is a negative relationship between the work family enrichment and turnover intention is acceptable.
Traumatic experiences are common in youth, with some reporting that 20% of youth have experienced trauma.1 Some populations have higher exposure. More than 50% of refugee youth with exposure to civilian war trauma and forced migration experience high anxiety; up to 30% screen positive for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).2,3 Trauma exposure during critical developmental periods can have detrimental social, educational, and physical consequences. Current evidence-based therapeutics have primarily been researched in adults; child anxiety disorders are undertreated and underresearched.4,5 Psychotherapy for refugee and other highly vulnerable populations may be limited by high cost and scarcity of skilled trauma specialists; culturally informed and language-capable clinicians who can meet the needs of refugee populations are even more rare. Furthermore, pharmacotherapy is limited by a sparse evidence base, parental and child preferences, and cost-all factors that again are more prevalent in refugee populations. Overall, evidence for treatment of PTSD and anxiety in refugee children is limited and largely extrapolated from treatment for children with other types of trauma exposure. Dance/movement therapy (DMT) is a manualized, multimodal intervention that aims to strengthen emotional, cognitive, physical, and social integration. DMT sessions are led by a licensed dance/movement therapist with joint education in counseling.6 Owing to its integration of exposure, mindfulness, and somatic components, DMT may be a candidate for a multifaceted, multitarget treatment approach to trauma and stress addressing psychological and somatic symptoms, both of which can be present in trauma-related conditions. However, evidence of use of DMT to help traumatized children is lacking. With the state of Michigan's high volume of Syrian refugees and knowing the need for intervention with understanding of barriers of culture, language, and access, our team selected to test acceptance and feasibility of DMT as a possible way to address trauma-related symptoms in Syrian refugee youth.
Salwa Alfina Siregar, Dika Candra, Umi Nur Kholifah
Penelitian ini bertujuan mencari hubungan pembelajaran online via WhatsApp Group dengan pemahaman tes inventori pada mahasiswa Psikologi Islam semester 6 UIN Raden Fatah Palembang. Pendekatan kuantitatif korelasional. Hipotesis yang diajukan dalam penelitian ini adalah ada hubungan antara pembelajaran online via WhatsApp Group dengan pemahaman tes inventori pada mahasiswa Psikologi Islam semester 6. Sampel penelitian ini berjumlah 71 orang dari 3 kelas. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik analisis regresi sederhana dan menggunakan program SPSS version 22 for windows. Hasil uji hipotesis penelitian menunjukkan nilai signifikansi 0,001 < 0,05 dengan besar sumbangan variabel x sebanyak 14,5%. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan pembelajaran online via WhatsApp Group memiliki hubungan dengan pemahaman tes inventori pada mahasiswa Psikologi Islam semester 6, artinya salah satu faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi pemahaman tes inventori adalah pembelajaran online via WhatsApp Group.
Online psychotherapy has been successfully used as supportive treatment in many chronic illnesses. However, there is a lack of evidence on its role in the management of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases.