Hasil untuk "Specialties of internal medicine"

Aleksandra Łoś, Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher, Wiktoria Mytych et al.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming clinical medicine by enabling earlier disease detection, personalized risk stratification, precision diagnostics, and optimized therapeutic decision-making across multiple specialties. Methods: This narrative review synthesizes the most recent evidence from prospective randomized controlled trials, large cohort studies, and real-world implementations of AI in cardiology, pulmonology, neurology, hepatology, pancreatic diseases, and other key areas of internal medicine. Studies were selected based on clinical impact, external validation, and regulatory approval status where applicable. Results: AI systems now outperform traditional clinical tools in numerous high-stakes applications: >88% freedom from atrial fibrillation at 1 year with AI-guided ablation, noninferior stent optimization versus OCT guidance, >95% sensitivity for atrial fibrillation and low ejection fraction detection on single-lead ECG, substantial increases in adenoma detection rate and melanoma triage accuracy, automated pancreatic cancer detection on routine CT with 89–90% sensitivity, and significant improvements in palliative care consultation rates and post-PCI outcomes using AI-supported telemedicine. Over 850 FDA-cleared AI devices exist as of November 2025, with cardiology and radiology dominating clinical adoption. Conclusions: AI has transitioned from experimental to clinically indispensable in multiple specialties, delivering measurable reductions in mortality, morbidity, hospitalizations, and healthcare resource utilization. Remaining challenges include external validation gaps, bias mitigation, and the need for large-scale prospective trials before universal implementation.

G. Velez Reyes, L. Pohlman, K. Pendleton et al.

Abstract Rationale: Health care quality improvement (QI) and patient safety (PS) initiatives are paramount for excellent patient care and outcomes. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education requires residency training programs to provide trainees formal education on these topics, however, specific guidance on its implementation is lacking. Many clinicians are unfamiliar with QI methodology and lack experience participating in root cause analysis (RCA). We aimed to explore the feasibility and benefits of using a structured RCA workshop with simulation to familiarize and train fellows in internal medicine specialties on how to conduct RCAs and report PS events. Methods: We created a half-day RCA training session to be attended by all internal medicine fellows at our academic medical center. Learning objectives included (1) familiarization with reporting avenues for PS events, (2) discussion of real-life safety event cases, (3) participation in simulated RCA workgroups, (4) formulation of action plans for adverse event mitigation, (5) identification of resources for coping with adverse events, and (6) discussion of how PS event reports result in system level changes. Voluntary pre and post training assessments were performed. Results: A total of 77 fellows were invited and 58 attended. Facilitators included 3 representatives from PS, 2 from the graduate medical education (GME) office, 1 from risk management, and 6 attending physicians. Twenty nine fellow participants completed the pre-assessment and 41 completed the post-assessment. In the pre-assessment, 44.8% of the respondents had never participated and/or felt unprepared to perform a RCA. Free text reasons cited for this included being unaware of reporting structures and feeling nervous about reporting retaliation. Following training, 51.2% of fellows stated they will always file a patient safety report compared to 37.9% pre-intervention (p=0.27), other attitudes are graphed in Figure 1. Free text reasons cited as barriers for reporting included burden of added workload, concern for repercussions, and lack of knowledge on how to report. Following the session, 83% of participants felt more knowledgeable and confident with the RCA and PS reporting process. Conclusions: RCA simulation is a practical and feasible method for teaching PS principles in GME. Using RCA simulation highlights the under-represented role of physicians in improving PS outcomes, helps foster connections between trainees and PS representatives, and improves fellows’ knowledge and confidence around reporting PS events.

Göktuğ Bender, Samer Faraj, Anand Bhardwaj

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become increasingly central to precision medicine by enabling the integration and interpretation of multimodal data, yet implementation in clinical settings remains limited. This paper provides a scoping review of literature from 2019-2024 on the implementation of AI in precision medicine, identifying key barriers and enablers across data quality, clinical reliability, workflow integration, and governance. Through an ecosystem-based framework, we highlight the interdependent relationships shaping real-world translation and propose future directions to support trustworthy and sustainable implementation.

Tanvi Kale, Vijay Hegde, Nikhil V Dhurandhar

Saiqing Chen, Chunxia Zhang, Yueting Yu

BackgroundHeart failure (HF) represents the terminal phase of multiple cardiovascular conditions and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality rates. Arachidonic acid (AA), an essential fatty acid, plays a crucial role in modulating cardiovascular function under both normal and disease states. The purpose of this research was to examine how AA is related to HF, providing new perspective for individualized treatment.MethodsTranscriptomic datasets were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The raw data were consolidated to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and subsequently subjected to bioinformatics analysis. Gene ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed. Signature genes were identified through Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression, Support Vector Machine-Recursive Feature Elimination (SVM-RFE), and Random Forest (RF) algorithms. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were generated for gene evaluation, and a nomogram was developed. An analysis of immune cell infiltration was conducted using Single Sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA), and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was conducted to determine important pathways. Subsequently, we also performed drug sensitivity evaluation. Finally, the expression levels of the identified signature genes in HF samples were confirmed using qRT-PCR analysis.ResultsFour characteristic genes demonstrating favorable performance in the ROC analysis. The comprehensive nomogram developed in this study exhibited enhanced clinical utility. In addition, notable variations in immune cell infiltration levels were detected, and GSEA highlighted key biological pathways.ConclusionThis investigation demonstrated a strong association between arachidonic acid-associated gene expression and heightened risk of HF, offering novel perspectives on the disease's underlying pathological processes and providing potential insights for personalized management of HF.

Linlin Wang, Shuang Xie, Aoxue Mei et al.

Abstract Purpose Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) is a leading cause of death worldwide. Albumin and globulin are the main components of serum proteins. The albumin-to-globulin ratio (AGR) is often used to assess nutritional status. However, the clinical significance of the AGR in predicting the prognosis of patients with ACS remains unclear. Patients and methods A total of 1408 patients with ACS who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were consecutively enrolled between January 2016 and December 2018 at The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University. The follow-up endpoints were defined as cardiac death or recurrent acute myocardial infarction. Results A total of 1363 patients responded in the follow-up period, of whom 49 had MACEs. AGR was significantly different between the MACEs and non-MACE groups. The area under the curve for the AGR was 0.619 (P = 0.004, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.542–0.697). The optimal cut-off value for the AGR was determined to be 1.350 using Youden’s index. The cumulative survival rate of the low AGR group was significantly lower than that of the high AGR group, according to the Kaplan–Meier curve (log-rank P = 0.008). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model showed age ≥ 60 years, HR:2.689 (95%CI:1.288–5.615, P = 0.008), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 40%, HR: 3.527, (95%CI: 1.357–9.164, P = 0.010), and AGR < 1.350, HR: 2.180, (95%CI: 1.078–4.407, P = 0.030) were all independent risk factors. A restricted cubic spline showed that a decreasing AGR was correlated with increasing risk of MACEs. Conclusion AGR < 1.350 is an independent prognostic risk factor for patients with ACS undergoing PCI and may be a valuable clinical marker for identifying high-risk patients.

Muthmainnah Muthmainnah, Galuh Mega Kurnia, Avinka Nugrahani

Introduction With Indonesia ranking top in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations for the number of smokers aged 13–15 years, this study aims to analyze the factors associated with smoking prevention behavior among students of senior high school. Methods This cross-sectional pilot study, conducted in 2022 with 90 samples of grade 10–11 students at SMA Negeri 1 Taman Sidoarjo East Java Indonesia, examined variables such as perceived vulnerability (the belief about the risk of experiencing a health issue), severity (the belief about the seriousness of the health issue), benefits (the belief in the benefit of taking preventive actions), barriers (the perceived obstacles to performing preventive behaviors), self-efficacy (the confidence in one's ability to perform preventive behaviors successfully), and cues to action (factors that trigger the decision to engage) in relation to health behaviors. Data were analyzed using the chi-squared test. Results The chi-squared analysis showed significant associations between several factors and smoking prevention behavior. For perceived susceptibility, 34.4% with high susceptibility had good behavior, and 13.3% had not good behavior (p=0.000). For perceived severity, 33.3% with high severity exhibited good behavior, and 21% had not good behavior (p=0.002). Regarding perceived benefits, 28.9% with high benefits showed good behavior, while 22.6% had not good behavior (p=0.018). Self-efficacy indicated 36.7% with high self-efficacy demonstrated good behavior versus 25.8% with not good behavior (p=0.001). Cues to action revealed that 28.9% with high cues had good behavior, and 18.9% did not have good behavior (p=0.003). No association was found for perceived barriers (p=0.386). Conclusions The level of smoking prevention behavior is influenced by perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, self-efficacy, and cues to action. Therefore, more intensive and targeted efforts are needed to promote awareness of the dangers of smoking and to enhance adolescents' self-efficacy in preventing smoking.

AJay Holmgren, Christine A. Sinsky, Lisa Rotenstein et al.

Korsarun Nirunwiroj, Dmitri Tseluiko, Karima Khusnutdinova

Internal waves in a two-layer fluid with rotation are considered within the framework of Helfrich's f-plane extension of the Miyata-Maltseva-Choi-Camassa (MMCC) model. Within the scope of this model, we develop an asymptotic procedure which allows us to obtain a description of a large class of uni-directional waves leading to the Ostrovsky equation and allowing for the presence of shear inertial oscillations and barotropic transport. Importantly, unlike the conventional derivations leading to the Ostrovsky equation, the constructed solutions do not impose the zero-mean constraint on the initial conditions for any variable in the problem formulation. Using the constructed solutions, we model the evolution of quasi-periodic initial conditions close to the cnoidal wave solutions of the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation but having a local amplitude and/or periodicity defect, and show that such initial conditions can lead to the emergence of bursts of large internal waves and shear currents. As a by-product of our study, we show that cnoidal waves with expansion defects discussed in this work are generalised travelling waves of the KdV equation: they satisfy all conservation laws of the KdV equation (appropriately understood), as well as the Weirstrass-Erdmann conditions for broken extremals of the associated variational problem and a natural weak formulation. Being smoothed in numerical simulations, they behave, in the absence of rotation, as long-lived states with no visible evolution, while rotation changes this behaviour and leads to the emergence of strong bursts.

Tobi Olatunji, Charles Nimo, Abraham Owodunni et al.

Recent advancements in large language model(LLM) performance on medical multiple choice question (MCQ) benchmarks have stimulated interest from healthcare providers and patients globally. Particularly in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) facing acute physician shortages and lack of specialists, LLMs offer a potentially scalable pathway to enhance healthcare access and reduce costs. However, their effectiveness in the Global South, especially across the African continent, remains to be established. In this work, we introduce AfriMed-QA, the first large scale Pan-African English multi-specialty medical Question-Answering (QA) dataset, 15,000 questions (open and closed-ended) sourced from over 60 medical schools across 16 countries, covering 32 medical specialties. We further evaluate 30 LLMs across multiple axes including correctness and demographic bias. Our findings show significant performance variation across specialties and geographies, MCQ performance clearly lags USMLE (MedQA). We find that biomedical LLMs underperform general models and smaller edge-friendly LLMs struggle to achieve a passing score. Interestingly, human evaluations show a consistent consumer preference for LLM answers and explanations when compared with clinician answers.

Liya Popova, Valerie J. Carabetta

The revolutionary progress in development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies has made it possible to deliver accurate genomic information in a timely manner. Over the past several years, NGS has transformed biomedical and clinical research and found its application in the field of personalized medicine. Here we discuss the rise of personalized medicine and the history of NGS. We discuss current applications and uses of NGS in medicine, including infectious diseases, oncology, genomic medicine, and dermatology. We provide a brief discussion of selected studies where NGS was used to respond to wide variety of questions in biomedical research and clinical medicine. Finally, we discuss the challenges of implementing NGS into routine clinical use.

Ben-Gang Zhou, Ming-Wen Guo, Li-Juan Zhang et al.

Background: The efficacy of the 14-day esomeprazole–amoxicillin (EA) dual therapy in eradicating Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) has been widely discussed previously. Vonoprazan, a novel potassium-competitive acid blocker, presents rapid, potent, and long-lasting acid inhibitory effects compared to esomeprazole. However, there is currently a scarcity of direct comparisons between the 10-day vonoprazan–amoxicillin (VA) and the 14-day EA dual therapy for H. pylori eradication. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of the 10-day VA and the 14-day EA dual therapy for H. pylori first-line eradication. Design: This study was a prospective, multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled trial. Methods: The study was conducted at 10 hospitals in China. In total, 570 newly diagnosed H. pylori -infected patients were recruited from April 2023 to February 2024. These patients were randomly assigned to either the 10-day VA group (vonoprazan 20 mg twice daily + amoxicillin 1000 mg three times daily) or the 14-day EA group (esomeprazole 20 mg four times daily + amoxicillin 750 mg four times daily). The primary outcome was the eradication rate, with secondary outcomes including adverse events and compliance. Results: The 10-day VA regimen outperformed the 14-day EA regimen in terms of eradication rates in intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis (85.4% vs 76.7%, p  = 0.008), modified ITT analysis (90.7% vs 84.8%, p  = 0.036), and per-protocol (PP) analysis (91.1% versus 85.5%, p  = 0.047). The non-inferiority p -values in all three analyses were less than 0.001. No statistically significant difference was observed in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups (9.1% vs 11.7%, p  = 0.308). The 10-day VA regimen demonstrated higher compliance compared to the 14-day EA regimen ( p  = 0.006). Conclusion: The 10-day VA dual therapy showed a satisfactory eradication rate of 91.1% (PP analysis), demonstrating good safety and better compliance compared to the 14-day EA dual therapy as the first-line eradication. Trial registration: This trial was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (registration number: ChiCTR2300070475) on April 12, 2023.

Gabriella Iannuzzo, Geetank Kamboj, Parinita Barman et al.

Background and aims: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) pose a significant global health burden. Lowering low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol is the primary therapeutic aim for preventing primary and secondary CVD events. While statins are the standard treatments, their limitations, such as side effects and intolerance in certain patient groups, necessitate exploration of alternative lipid-lowering therapies (LLTs). We systematically reviewed randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating cardiovascular outcomes associated with non-statin LLTs (bempedoic acid, alirocumab, evolocumab, ezetimibe, and inclisiran) in adults with CVD or high cardiovascular risk. Methods: EMBASE, Medline, Cochrane Library, and clinical trial registries were systematically searched for eligible studies, from inception until February 08, 2023. Two reviewers independently screened the studies, with discrepancies resolved by a third reviewer. Data extraction and validation were conducted, and the risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias tool-2 for RCTs. Results: The search strategy yielded 2104 citations. Post screening for eligibility, nine unique trials/studies (84 publications) were identified. Among these, one trial each was identified for bempedoic acid and alirocumab, three for evolocumab, and four for ezetimibe. No published literature documenting the cardiovascular outcomes of inclisiran was identified. Only one trial (CLEAR Outcomes) included statin-intolerant patients at baseline. Most studies evaluated a 3-component, 4-component, or 5-component major adverse cardiovascular events composite as an outcome along with individual components. The quality of the included trials was found to be fair-to-good. Conclusions: The systematic review findings emphasise the significance of considering non-statin LLTs as viable treatment options for individuals with CVD or high cardiovascular risk who cannot tolerate or achieve optimal lipid control with statin therapy alone.

Muhammad Zubair Khan, Oleg E. Peil, Apoorva Sharma et al.

In the rapidly expanding field of two-dimensional materials, magnetic monolayers show great promise for the future applications in nanoelectronics, data storage, and sensing. The research in intrinsically magnetic two-dimensional materials mainly focuses on synthetic iodide and telluride based compounds, which inherently suffer from the lack of ambient stability. So far, naturally occurring layered magnetic materials have been vastly overlooked. These minerals offer a unique opportunity to explore air-stable complex layered systems with high concentration of local moment bearing ions. We demonstrate magnetic ordering in iron-rich two-dimensional phyllosilicates, focusing on mineral species of minnesotaite, annite, and biotite. These are naturally occurring van der Waals magnetic materials which integrate local moment baring ions of iron via magnesium/aluminium substitution in their octahedral sites. Due to self-inherent capping by silicate/aluminate tetrahedral groups, ultra-thin layers are air-stable. Chemical characterization, quantitative elemental analysis, and iron oxidation states were determined via Raman spectroscopy, wavelength disperse X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry measurements were performed to examine the magnetic ordering. These layered materials exhibit paramagnetic or superparamagnetic characteristics at room temperature. At low temperature ferrimagnetic or antiferromagnetic ordering occurs, with the critical ordering temperature of 38.7 K for minnesotaite, 36.1 K for annite, and 4.9 K for biotite. In-field magnetic force microscopy on iron bearing phyllosilicates confirmed the paramagnetic response at room temperature, present down to monolayers.

Chuan Huang, Paul Vaska, Yongfeng Gao et al.

Contained within this volume are the scholarly contributions presented in both oral and poster formats at Fully3D 2023: The 17th International Meeting on Fully Three-Dimensional Image Reconstruction in Radiology and Nuclear Medicine. This conference convened from July 16-21, 2023, at Stony Brook University in New York. For ease of reference, all papers are organized alphabetically according to the last names of the primary authors. Our heartfelt appreciation goes out to all participants who took the time to submit, present, and revise their work for inclusion in these proceedings. Collectively, we would also like to express our profound gratitude to our generous sponsors, detailed in subsequent pages, who have played an instrumental role in offering awards and facilitating the various conference activities. Additionally, our thanks extend to the diligent reporter who collated invaluable feedback from attendees, which can be found in the pages that follow. September 7, 2023 Fully3D 2023 Co-Chairs: Jerome Liang, Paul Vaska, and Chuan Huang

Qianyun Zhu, Yifeng Xie, Fangyang Ye et al.

Augmented reality becomes popular in education gradually, which provides a contextual and adaptive learning experience. Here, we develop a Chinese herb medicine AR platform based the 3dsMax and the Unity that allows users to visualize and interact with the herb model and learn the related information. The users use their mobile camera to scan the 2D herb picture to trigger the presentation of 3D AR model and corresponding text information on the screen in real-time. The system shows good performance and has high accuracy for the identification of herbal medicine after interference test and occlusion test. Users can interact with the herb AR model by rotating, scaling, and viewing transformation, which effectively enhances learners' interest in Chinese herb medicine.

Zhongru Fan, Dongyu Han, Xin Fan et al.

BackgroundOvarian cancer (OC) is one of the malignant tumors that poses a serious threat to women’s health. Natural killer (NK) cells are an integral part of the immune system and have the ability to kill tumor cells directly or participate indirectly in the anti-tumor immune response. In recent years, NK cell-based immunotherapy for OC has shown remarkable potential. However, its mechanisms and effects remain unclear when compared to standard treatment.MethodsTo explore the value of NK cell-based immunotherapy in the treatment of OC, we conducted a literature review. In comparison to standard treatment, our focus was primarily on the current anti-tumor mechanisms, the clinical effect of NK cells against OC, factors affecting the structure and function of NK cells, and strategies to enhance the effectiveness of NK cells.ResultsWe found that NK cells exert their therapeutic effects in OC through mechanisms such as antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity, perforin release, and granule enzyme secretion. They also secrete IFN-γ and TNF-α or engage in Fas/FasL and TRAIL/TRAILR pathways, mediating the death of OC cells. In clinical trials, the majority of patients experienced disease stability with mild side effects after receiving NK cell-based immunotherapy, but there is still a lack of high-quality research evidence regarding its clinical effectiveness. OC and prior experience with standard treatments have an effect on NK cells, and it may be considered to maximize NK cell effects through the modulation of the tumor microenvironment or combination with other therapies.ConclusionsIn this review, we have summarized the current evidence of NK cell applications in the treatment of OC. Furthermore, factors and strategies that influence and enhance the role of NK cell immunotherapy are discussed.

Krishnan Venkatesan

Objective: The Kulkarni Technique of one-sided dissection with penile invagination allows for single-stage management of panurethral stricture. In this accompanying video, we demonstrate and discuss the use of this technique in urethral reconstruction. Patient and surgical procedure: The patient is a 60-year-old male with a history of stricture treated in the remote past with posterior auricular graft. His-stricture eventually recurred, and he was self-calibrating weekly for 15 years before presenting to us with obstructive lower urinary tract symptoms and recurrent urinary tract infections. Investigation with urethrography revealed an approximately 10 cm urethral stricture extending from the proximal bulbar urethra to mid-penile urethra. No evidence of lichen sclerosus was evident on physical examination.A perineal incision was made, and one-sided dissection carried out on the patient's left-side, dividing the bulbocavernosus muscle to access the urethra dorsally. This dissection was extended towards midline to rotate the urethra off to one side, leaving the right-side neurovascular attachments intact. Once the penis was invaginated, the dissection was extended proximally and distally beyond the extents of the urethral stricture.The urethra was then opened dorsally through the length of stricture and two oral mucosa grafts were quilted onto the adjacent tunica albuginea. The urethral edges are then sewn to the edges of the graft, de-rotating the urethra back into its orthotopic position. A catheter is inserted prior to completion of this urethral closure. The bulbocavernosus muscle edges are reapproximated and the bulbar incision is closed in multiple layers. Results: This patient had an uneventful recovery and a peri‑catheter urethrogram approximately 3 weeks after surgery demonstrated no extravasation, so the catheter was removed. The patient continues to do well with no evidence of recurrence at 3 years follow-up. Previously reported outcomes suggest this is a safe, reproducible, and durably effective technique. Conclusion: The Kulkarni Technique offers a minimally invasive, single stage approach to pan-urethral stricture. It allows for avoidance of a penile incision and minimization of impact on the neurovascular support structures of the anterior urethra.

Yanpeng Feng, Zhiyuan Chen, Yi Xu et al.

IκBζ (encoded by NFKBIZ) is the most recently identified IkappaB family protein. As an atypical member of the IkappaB protein family, NFKBIZ has been the focus of recent studies because of its role in inflammation. Specifically, it is a key gene in the regulation of a variety of inflammatory factors in the NF-KB pathway, thereby affecting the progression of related diseases. In recent years, investigations into NFKBIZ have led to greater understanding of this gene. In this review, we summarize the induction of NFKBIZ and then elucidate its transcription, translation, molecular mechanism and physiological function. Finally, the roles played by NFKBIZ in psoriasis, cancer, kidney injury, autoimmune diseases and other diseases are described. NFKBIZ functions are universal and bidirectional, and therefore, this gene may exert a great influence on the regulation of inflammation and inflammation-related diseases.

Eun Kyoung Kim, Hong-Mi Choi, Jong-Hwan Lee et al.

BackgroundDue to increased needs to reduce non-fatal as well as fatal cardiac events, preoperative echocardiography remains part of routine clinical practice in many hospitals. Data on the role of preoperative echocardiography in low-risk non-cardiac surgery (NCS) other than ambulatory surgeries do not exist. We aimed to investigate the role of preoperative echocardiography in predicting postoperative adverse cardiovascular events (CVEs) in asymptomatic patients undergoing low-risk NCS.MethodsThe study population was derived from a retrospective cohort of 1,264 patients who underwent elective low-risk surgery at three tertiary hospitals from June 1, 2021, to June 30, 2021. Breast, distal bone, thyroid, and transurethral surgeries were included. Preoperative examination data including electrocardiography, chest radiography, and echocardiography were collected. The primary outcome was a composite of postoperative adverse CVEs including all-cause death, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular events, newly diagnosed or acutely decompensated heart failure (HF), lethal arrhythmia such as sustained ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation, and new-onset atrial fibrillation within 30 days after the index surgery.ResultsPreoperative echocardiography was performed in 503 patients (39.8%), most frequently in patients with breast surgery (73.5%), followed by transurethral (37.7%), distal bone (21.6%), and thyroid surgeries (11.9%). Abnormal findings were observed in 5.0% of patients with preoperative echocardiography. Postoperative adverse CVEs occurred in 10 (0.79%) patients. Although a history of previous HF was an independent predictor of postoperative CVE occurrence (adjusted odds ratio, aOR: 17.98; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.21–266.71, P = 0.036), preoperative echocardiography did not significantly predict CVE in multivariate analysis (P = 0.097). However, in patients who underwent preoperative echocardiography, the presence of abnormal echocardiographic findings was independently associated with development of CVE after NCS (aOR: 23.93; 95% CI: 1.2.28–250.76, P = 0.008). In particular, the presence of wall motion abnormality was a strong predictor of postoperative adverse CVE.ConclusionIn real-world clinical practice, preoperative echocardiography was performed in substantial number of patients with potential cardiac risk even in low-risk NCS, and abnormal findings were independently associated with postoperative CVE. Future studies should identify patients undergoing low-risk NCS for whom preoperative echocardiography would be helpful to predict adverse CVE.