Hazal Tunç Erdoğan, Özge Bülbül, Mustafa Fuat Açıkalın
et al.
Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor (PMT) is a rare mesenchymal neoplasia usually located in the soft tissue and the bone. It is seen in older ages and is most commonly localized in the extremities. Here, we present a rare case of PMT located in the sinonasal region. A 56-year-old male patient was admitted with complaints of congestion in the right nasal cavity and limitation of upward gaze in the right eye. Computed tomography revealed a contrast-enhancing mass with heterogeneous density obliterating the bilateral frontal sinus, the frontoethmoidal recess, the right osteomeatal complex and the right sphenoid sinus, extending to the superior extraconal area in the right orbit. Since the tumor type cannot be determined precisely in the pathological evaluation of incisional biopsy, an excisional biopsy was performed with the preliminary diagnosis of malignancy. But histopathological examination revealed a PMT. PMT is a highly uncommon neoplasm that remains largely unfamiliar to clinicians, surgeons, and pathologists, particularly when arising in rare locations like the sinonasal region. Its histomorphological characteristics can overlap with various other entities, necessitating a broad differential diagnosis.
RESUMO Objetivo Identificar evidências científicas sobre o distúrbio de voz relacionado ao trabalho e fatores de risco, além de apontar os sintomas vocais, instrumentos e métodos de avaliação em profissionais da voz falada. Estratégia de pesquisa Revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada nas bases de dados LILACS, SciELO, MEDLINE/PubMed e Scopus. Critérios de seleção Artigos com profissionais da voz falada, que abordassem os fatores de riscos individuais, organizacionais e/ou ambientais vinculados aos sintomas e/ou distúrbios de voz, estudos observacionais, disponíveis na íntegra, sem restrição ao idioma e ano de publicação. Resultados Foram incluídos 58 estudos, maior publicação entre os anos de 2014 e 2022, predominantemente no Brasil, em destaque, o professor. O método de avaliação mais utilizado foi autoavaliação com o uso dos protocolos, seguido da avaliação perceptivo-auditiva e do exame laringológico. Os fatores de risco mais identificados foram os individuais, seguidos dos organizacionais e ambientais, além de terem sido relatados os sintomas vocais sensoriais e auditivos. Conclusão Os fatores mais autorreferidos são ruído, uso intenso da voz, alterações respiratórias, ser do gênero feminino e práticas vocais inadequadas. Quanto aos sintomas vocais sensoriais, destacam-se garganta seca, pigarro e fadiga vocal, e quanto aos auditivos, rouquidão.
As a traditional Chinese medicinal herb with a long history, Codonopsis pilosula (CP) has attracted much attention from the medical community in recent years. This review summarizes the research progress of CP in the medical field in the past 5 years. By searching and analyzing the literature, and combining with Cytoscape software, we comprehensively examined the role and mechanism of action of CP in individual application, combination drug application, and the role and mechanism of action of codonopsis pilosula’s active ingredients in a variety of diseases. It also analyzes the medicinal use of CP and its application value in medicine. This review found that CP mainly manifests important roles in several diseases, such as cardiovascular system, nervous system, digestive system, immune system, etc., and regulates the development of many diseases mainly through the mechanisms of inflammation regulation, oxidative stress, immunomodulation and apoptosis. Its rich pharmacological activities and diverse medicinal effects endow CP with broad prospects and application values. This review provides valuable reference and guidance for the further development of CP in traditional Chinese medicine.
(1) Background: Laryngeal surgery due to carcinoma leads to significant tissue disruption, cellular injury, and inflammation. This leads to increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing oxidative damage that can influence quality of life (QOL) and recovery and complicate the postoperative course. The aim of this study was to compare how postoperative quality of life and surgical complication occurrence interacted with the biomarker levels of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, MDA; superoxide dismutase, SOD; glutathione peroxidase 1, GPX1; and catalase, CAT) and inflammation (interleukin 1, IL-1; interleukin 6, IL-6; C-reactive protein, CRP) in patients treated with conservative and radical laryngeal surgery. (2) Methods: The study included 56 patients who underwent surgical treatment for laryngeal cancer. Blood samples were collected to analyze oxidative stress and inflammation parameters before surgery and on the first and seventh days postoperatively. Serum concentrations of MDA, SOD, GPX, CAT, IL-1, IL-6, and CRP were measured using coated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. EORTC QLQ-H&H43 questionnaire was used to measure the QOL of patients. (3) Results and Conclusions: T stage, pain intensity, and the extent of the surgical procedure were established as significant predictive factors for QOL in multivariate analysis. There was a significant positive correlation between surgical complication occurrence and preoperative values of GPX and MDA, but significant predictors of surgical complication occurrence on the 7th postoperative day were SOD and MDA values (<i>p</i> < 0.05).
Abstract Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is thought to be an essential process in the pathogenesis of CRSwNP. However, the mechanisms of epithelial and fibroblastic changes at the single-cell level are unclear. In this study, we investigated the epithelial cell, fibroblast, and key gene alterations in the development of CRSwNP. We revealed major cell types involved in CRSwNP and nasal mucosal inflammation formation, then mapped epithelial and fibroblast subpopulations. We showed that the apical and glandular epithelial cells and the ADGRB3+ and POSTN+ fibroblasts were the key cell subtypes in the progression of CRSwNP. Pseudotime and cell cycle analysis identified dynamic changes between epithelial cells and fibroblasts during its development. WFDC2 and CCL26 were identified as the key marker genes involved in the development of CRSwNP and were validated by IHC staining, which may provide a potential novel target for future CRSwNP therapy. ScRNA-seq data provided insights into the cellular landscape and the relationship between epithelial cells and fibroblasts in the progression of CRSwNP. WFDC2 and CCL26 were identified as the key genes involved in the development of CRSwNP and may be the potential markers for gene therapy.
Abstract Objective To investigate the sensitivity of laryngeal findings in predicting high‐grade dysplasia/carcinoma in situ (CIS) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in patients with vocal fold leukoplakia. Methods A retrospective review of the medical records and video recordings of the laryngeal examination of patients with vocal fold leukoplakia who underwent un‐sedated office‐based laryngeal biopsy in a tertiary referral center between January 2022 and August 2023 was conducted. Laryngeal findings included the size, surface, projection, and edges of the lesion. Vocal fold leukoplakia was classified according to the WHO as benign, low‐grade dysplasia, high‐grade dysplasia/CIS, and squamous cell carcinoma. Results Seventy patients with 100 vocal fold leukoplakia were included. Size was found to have the highest sensitivity with an AUC of 0.730 (95% CI [0.618–0.842], p = 0.002) followed by surface and projection with AUCs of 0.672 (95% CI [0.548–0.795], p = 0.019) and 0.675 (95% CI [0.546–0.804], p = 0.017), respectively. Furthermore, the odds of diagnosing high‐risk lesions (high‐grade dysplasia/CIS and SCC) were the greatest when the lesion was large and rough (OR = 10.28; 95% CI [3.08–34.36]). Conclusion The morphological features of vocal fold leukoplakia may assist the physician in predicting the risk of malignancy. Large and rough lesions were more likely to harbor high‐grade dysplasia/CIS and SCC compared to small and smooth lesions.
Daisuke Watanabe, Sanae Otawa, Megumi Kushima
et al.
Abstract This study aimed to investigate the relationship between allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) sensitization and allergic rhinitis (AR) symptoms in school-aged children in Japan and to understand the current severity of AR symptoms and the quality of life (QOL) among children with AR. We analyzed data from 8-year-old children who participated in the Yamanashi Adjunct Study of the Japan Environment and Children’s Study, focusing on those with complete information on specific IgE levels and AR (1229 for perennial AR [PAR] and 1196 for seasonal AR [SAR]). Sensitization was determined when allergen-specific IgE levels were class 2 (0.70 U/mL) or higher. A total of 656 children (53.4%) were identified as sensitized to house dust mite-specific IgE, comprising 362 (60.6%) boys and 294 (46.5%) girls. For Japanese cedar pollen (JCP)-specific IgE, 820 (68.6%) children were sensitized, with 430 (73.1%) boys and 390 (64.1%) girls. Among children with AR, 40.2% of those with PAR and 78.4% of those with SAR experienced moderate to severe nasal symptoms. This study highlighted the high prevalence of JCP-specific IgE sensitization among school-aged children in Japan and provided insights into the severity of AR symptoms and the impact on QOL in these children.
IntroductionSymptoms induced by arachnoid cysts in the fallopian canal are uncommon, and facial nerve paralysis without cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea is comparatively rarer.MethodsHerein, we present two cases of arachnoid cysts in the fallopian canal with acute severe facial nerve paralysis and review the relevant literature.ResultsThe symptoms and imaging findings of these two cases resembled those of facial nerve schwannomas. Cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea occurred upon removal of the arachnoid cyst, and the facial nerve was observed to be separated into multiple filaments or compressed and atrophied. Facial-hypoglossal nerve anastomosis and decompression were conducted after packing the dehiscence of cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea for the two cases.ConclusionArachnoid cysts of the fallopian canal rarely cause facial nerve paralysis. Enhanced magnetic resonance imaging is vital for differentiating schwannomas. Different treatment strategies should be adopted for patients with different degrees of facial nerve paralysis; however, concurrent repair of cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea and facial nerves during surgery can occasionally be challenging.
Benjamin Krämer, Ansel P. Nalin, Feiyang Ma
et al.
Summary: Group 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) comprise a heterogeneous family of cytotoxic natural killer (NK) cells and ILC1s. We identify a population of “liver-type” ILC1s with transcriptional, phenotypic, and functional features distinct from those of conventional and liver-resident NK cells as well as from other previously described human ILC1 subsets. LT-ILC1s are CD49a+CD94+CD200R1+, express the transcription factor T-BET, and do not express the activating receptor NKp80 or the transcription factor EOMES. Similar to NK cells, liver-type ILC1s produce IFN-γ, TNF-α, and GM-CSF; however, liver-type ILC1s also produce IL-2 and lack perforin and granzyme-B. Liver-type ILC1s are expanded in cirrhotic liver tissues, and they can be produced from blood-derived ILC precursors in vitro in the presence of TGF-β1 and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. Cells with similar signature and function can also be found in tonsil and intestinal tissues. Collectively, our study identifies and classifies a population of human cross-tissue ILC1s.
Introduction: Traumatic tympanic membrane perforations tend to heal spontaneously. However, in this study, several perforations exhibited abnormal healing, where the morphology of healing tympanic membranes differed from that of non-perforated tympanic membranes. Pseudo-healing of the tympanic membrane was characterized by the accumulation of thickened tissue in the perforated area. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of epidermal growth factor in cases showing pseudo-healing of traumatic tympanic membrane perforations. Methods: A total of 26 traumatic tympanic membrane perforations showing pseudo-healing were included in this study. In all cases, tissue that accumulated in the perforated area was removed, which subsequently caused a new perforation to form. An epidermal growth factor solution was applied to the tympanic membrane once daily to keep the tympanic membrane moist. Closure rates and times were evaluated at 6 months. Results: During the 6 months follow-up period, two patients were lost. Of the remaining 24 patients, the closure rate was 100% (24/24) and the closure time was 6.1 ± 2.3 days (range: 3–12 days). The morphology of the healed tympanic membrane was not significantly different from that of the remnant tympanic membrane. Conclusions: Pseudo-healing of traumatic tympanic membrane perforations affects sound conduction. This can be associated with various symptoms, including tinnitus, aural fullness, and ear discomfort. The excision of excessive epithelial tissue and topical application of epidermal growth factor can correct the pseudo-healing of traumatic tympanic membrane perforations.
Jing-Bo Liu,1 Qiao-Jun Zhang,2 Jian-Zhi Liu,1 Wen-Ting Zhang,3 Yi Li,3 Hao-Hong Li,3 Zhi-Rong Chen,3 Da-Li Zheng2 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, People’s Republic of China; 2Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Biological Materials Engineering and Technology Center of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, People’s Republic of China; 3College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Da-Li ZhengFujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Biological Materials Engineering and Technology Center of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou 350004, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-591-83720599Email dalizheng@fjmu.edu.cnJian-Zhi LiuDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-591- 83357896Email liujianzhi@aliyun.comBackground: The realization of multifunction in one bulk material is fascinating for developing a new generation of devices. Quaternary phosphorus salts were seldom utilized as templates in haloargentate systems, and the hybridization of alkyl(triphenyl)phosphonium with halometallate will be a good strategy for the development of multifunctional material, especially for biological material.Methods: Under the template of (triphenyl)phosphonium-based quaternary phosphorus salts with different spacer lengths (n=2, 3, 4), three bromoargentate hybrids were constructed via the solution method, ie, (1,2-DBTPP)(Ag2Br4) ( 1), {(1,3-DBTPP)2(Ag7Br11)]∙CH3CN∙H2O}n ( 2), and {[(1,4-DBTPP)(Ag5Br7)](CH3CN)2∙H2O}n ( 3) (1,2-DBTPP2+=ethane-1,2-diylbis (triphenyl)phosphonium, 1,3-DBTPP2+=propane-1,3-diylbis (triphenyl)phosphonium, 1,4-DBTPP2+=butane-1,4-diylbis (triphenyl)phosphonium)).Results: The (Ag7Br11)n4n- chain in 2 is a new type of 1-D bromoargentate chain constructed from cubane-like Ag4Br4 nodes, AgBr4 tetrahedrons and AgBr3 triangles. Interestingly, by elongating spacer n from 2 to 4, argentophilicity interactions are weakened, and the hydrogen bonds are strengthened. Consequently, their water stabilities and photocurrents are improved, in which the Ag-4d/Br-4p to π* anti-bonding orbital of the quaternary phosphorus transfer is facilitated. Furthermore, the greenish blue emissions can be detected. Finally, high inhabitation rates against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans can be observed in 2 and 3.Conclusion: In all experiments, by elongating the spacer lengths of quaternary phosphorus salts, multifunctions were integrated in the quaternary phosphorus/bromoargentate hybrids, including greenish blue luminescence, repeatable photocurrent responses and durable antimicrobial activities with enhanced water stability. This work could provide a theoretical guide for the design of new biologically multifunctional materials.Keywords: quaternary phosphorus, bromoargentates, nanoparticles, luminescence, antimicrobial
Remo Accorona, Giovanni Colombo, Marco Ferrari
et al.
Introduction: Supernumerary teeth are frequently reported in dental clinical practice; however, eruption in nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses is an extremely rare clinical entity. Case Report: We report two cases with a history of recurrent nasal discharge and obstruction. In both cases, clinical and radiological findings confirmed the presence of an inverted supernumerary tooth erupted in the sinonasal cavities (i.e., the right nasal fossa and left maxillary sinus, respectively). We managed the cases with transnasal endoscopic approach. A survey of the English literature identified 69 documented cases with intranasal supernumerary teeth within January 1st, 1886 to December 31st, 2017. Conclusion: Inverted supernumerary teeth should be considered among the potential causes of unilateral nasal obstruction and rhinosinusitis and included in differential diagnoses among the fibro-osseous lesions of the sinonasal cavities.
Miguel Carvalho, Márcia Mourão, Miguel Silva
et al.
Introdução: O porocarcinoma écrino é uma neoplasia cutânea maligna rara com origem nas glândulas sudoríparas écrinas.
Caso clínico: Descrevemos o caso clínico de um doente de 83 anos encaminhado à consulta de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço por apresentar uma tumefação na região parotídea direita de crescimento lento e indolor. O doente havia sido submetido a biópsia excisional de carcinoma espinhocelular cutâneo da mesma região 14 meses antes. Tratado como portador de uma neoplasia parotídea, e após apropriado algoritmo diagnóstico, foi submetido a parotidectomia superficial. A análise histológica da peça operatória revelou um porocarcinoma écrino como diagnóstico definitivo.
Discussão/Conclusão: O porocarcinoma écrino não apresenta critérios clinicopatológicos específicos, e a sua análise histológica leva frequentemente ao diagnóstico de carcinoma espinhocelular. A descrição deste caso visa alertar para uma entidade clínica com a qual a comunidade de otorrinolaringologistas tem um menor contacto, substanciando a importância de uma relação estreita com o patologista na diminuição de erros diagnósticos.
Abstract Background Upper airway inflammatory diseases are associated with abnormal expression of nasal epithelial forkhead-box J1 (FOXJ1) which regulates motile cilia formation. We sought to investigate whether aberrant FOXJ1 localizations correlate with the disease severity and the co-existence of allergic rhinitis (AR) or asthma in patients with nasal polyps (NPs). Methods We elucidated localization patterns of FOXJ1 by performing immunofluorescence assays in nasal specimens and cytospin samples from controls and patients with NPs. We also assayed mRNA expression levels of FOXJ1 by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Four localization patterns [normal (N), intermediate (I), mislocalization (M), and absence (A)] were defined. A semi-quantitative scoring system was applied for demonstrating FOXJ1 localization in five areas per paraffin section, with individual sections being scored between 0 and 2. Results FOXJ1 localization score was significantly higher in samples from NPs than in controls (P < 0.001). Elevated FOXJ1 localization scores and down-regulation of FOXJ1 mRNA levels were observed in NPs with co-existing AR or asthma (all P < 0.05). Moreover, FOXJ1 localization scores positively correlated with Lund–Mackay score (r = 0.362, P = 0.007). Of primary cytospin samples, the mean percentage of patients with FOXJ1 localization patterns N, I, M and A was 15.0%, 3.3%, 53.3% and 28.3% in NPs, and 82.5%, 5.0%, 5.0% and 7.5% in controls, respectively (P < 0.001). Conclusions Aberrant localization of FOXJ1 correlates with the severity and co-existence of AR or asthma in patients with NPs, and might be a novel target for assessment and intervention in NPs.
Petrous apicitis is a rare but fatal complication of otitis media. An infection within the middle ear can extend within the temporal bone into the air cells of the petrous apex. With only the thin dura mater separating the trigeminal ganglion and the 6th cranial nerve from the bony petrous apex, they are vulnerable to inflammatory processes, resulting in deep facial pain, lateral rectus muscle paralysis, and diplopia. In 1904, Gradenigo described a triad of symptoms related to petrous apicitis, including acute suppurative otitis media, deep facial pain resulting from trigeminal involvement, and abducens nerve palsy. It has traditionally been treated with surgery, but recent advances in imaging, with improved antibiotic treatment, allow conservative management. In this case report, we describe a clinical and neuroradiological evolution of a child with a petrous apicitis after acute otitis media, which was managed medically with a positive outcome.
Daniel Antunes Freitas, Antonio Diaz Caballero, Mayane Moura Pereira
et al.
TEMA: cirurgia, radioterapia e quimioterapia são as modalidades terapêuticas usadas no tratamento de câncer bucal. Podem ser usadas isoladas ou conjuntamente. Radiação ionizante causa lesões nos tecidos normais localizados no campo de radiação. Isto se torna particularmente evidente nas regiões de cabeça, uma área complexa composta de várias estruturas diferentes que respondem diferentemente à radiação. As seqüelas orais resultantes podem causar problemas substanciais durante e depois da terapia de radiação e são os maiores fatores de determinação na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Dentre as complicações da radioterapia estão a xerostomia, osteorradionecrose, mucosite e candidose. OBJETIVO: apresentar aos profissionais de saúde uma reflexão sobre as questões pertinentes às sequelas bucais da radioterapia de cabeça e pescoço. CONCLUSÃO: o acompanhamento odontológico sistemático pode minimizar os efeitos da radiação sobre os tecidos da cavidade bucal.<br>BACKGROUND: surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are therapeutic modalities used in the treatment of oral cancer. They can be used separately or in combination. Ionizing irradiation causes damage to normal tissues located at the radiation field. This becomes particularly evident in the head and neck region, a complex area composed of several dissimilar structures that respond differently to radiation. The resulting oral sequelae may cause substantial problems during and after radiation therapy and are major factors in determining the patient's quality of life. Xerostomia, osteoradionecrosis, mucositis and candidosis are some of radiotherapy's complications. PURPOSE: introduce health professionals to reflect on issues relevant to oral sequelae of head and neck radiotherapy. CONCLUSION: regular dental follow-up may reduce the effects of radiation in the tissues of the oral cavity.