Hasil untuk "Languages and literature of Eastern Asia, Africa, Oceania"

Phan, Trần

This is a review of the book "Syntax of Vietnamese Tense, Aspect, and Negation" by Trang Phan.

Ernest Udalla

Sry Aji Prabowo Mukti, Ririe Rengganis

This article aims to reveal the dynamics of desire, trauma, and absurdity in the character Ale through an interdisciplinary approach between Jacques Lacan's psychoanalysis and Jean-Paul Sartre's existentialism. The scope of the study includes narrative and psychological analysis of the main character in the novel Seporsi Mie Ayam Sebelum Mati by Brian Khrisna. The method used is content analysis with close reading techniques on relevant text units. Data were obtained from narrative excerpts, monologues, and dialogues that reflect the psychic structure and existential reflection of the character. The results of the study show that the act of eating chicken noodles is not merely a form of escape, but a symbol of desire born from past trauma (Lacan) and authentic choices in facing the absurdity of life (Sartre). An interesting fact in this finding is that the symbols used by the author in the novel add depth to the meaning as a representation of loss, longing, and the formation of existential meaning. This study confirms that popular fiction can be a medium for reflection on the complexity of the human mind, while also showing the importance of an interdisciplinary approach in contemporary Indonesian literary studies.

Adria Fuluge

Wahusika katika kazi za fasihi huumbwa kwa ustadi mkubwa kwa lengo la kubeba tafakuri na fikra za mtunzi kuhusu maisha ya jamii. Katika uumbaji huo, aghalabu, binadamu husawiriwa kama kiumbe anayeteseka na anayeishi katika ulimwengu usiomjali, aliyezungukwa na mateso na ubwege[1], na anayeshindwa kukabiliana vyema na uhalisia wake (Wamitila, 2002). Mambo hayo, ndiyo huweza kusababisha afanye maamuzi fulani kama vile kujiua. Hivi ndivyo anavyofanya Euphrase Kezilahabi katika riwaya ya Kichwamaji (1974) anapomuumba mhusika anayejiua. Hata hivyo, kwa kuwa kujiua huambatana na viashiria mbalimbali, makala haya yanajadili viashiria vya kujiua kwa mhusika mkuu katika riwaya teule tu. Riwaya hiyo imeteuliwa kwa sababu ina mawanda ya kutosha yaliyowezesha kupata data zilizolengwa katika makala haya. Pia, riwaya hiyo imeteuliwa kama sampuli ya kuwakilisha riwaya nyingine zenye viashiria vya kujiua. Misingi ya Nadharia ya Udhanaishi imetumika katika uchunguzi, uchanganuzi na uwasilishaji wa matokeo. Data zilikusanywa kwa kutumia mbinu ya uchambuzi wa matini. Mjadala umebainisha kwamba katika riwaya ya Kichwamaji vipo viashiria vinne vya kujiua vilivyomkumba Kazimoto kabla ya kujiua kwake. Viashiria hivyo ni kukata tamaa, kujitenga kijamii, kuzungumzia masuala ya kujiua na mabadiliko ya tabia. Makala yanahitimisha kwamba jamii inahitaji kupewa elimu ya kutosha kuhusu kujiua kwa wahusika pamoja na viashiria vyake ili iweze kumtambua na kumsaidia mtu mwenye viashiria vya kujiua.   [1]Mtazamo wa kidhanaishi unaopinga kuwepo kwa maana na ufahamu katika maisha ya binadamu, kutokana na kukata tamaa na kukosa tumaini la kuishi. Kwa mujibu wa Esslin (2001), ubwege ni hali ya kukosa nia ya kufanya jambo fulani na kutengwa katika imani za kidini, tabia za kiungu na mizizi ya akili na mawazo ya mtu. Hii ina maana kwamba ubwege ni kitendo cha kudadisi hali ya binadamu ya kuendelea kuishi ilhali maisha hayana maana tena.

N. N. Izotova

The article deals with the genesis, semantics, and functions of the dragon image in Japanese culture. The relevance of the study is due to the increased attention of researchers to the basic values of local cultures, issues of symbolism, inextricably linked to the problems of national self-identification. The methodological basis of the study is the structural-semiotic approach, which was used to analyze the value content of the dragon image, the descriptive-analytical method, and the method of cognitive interpretation of the semantics of linguistic means verbalizing the dragon image in the Japanese language. In contrast to the Western tradition, in the culture of the peoples of East Asia, a dragon is a revered and significant symbol of power, strength, and authority. Stories about dragons are found in ancient texts of both Hinduism and Buddhism. It is established that the formation and evolution of the dragon cult in Japan was influenced by the mythical Chinese dragons, Indian Naga snakes, and the belief in dragons as deities of the water element. The author examines the genesis and evolution of the dragon image in different historical epochs, the influence of cultural-historical, natural, and religious factors on its transformation. It is shown that, in medieval Japan, the dragon was considered the protector of Buddhism, personifying strength, wisdom, prosperity, good luck, and images of these mythical creatures became an organic element of Buddhist culture. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the image of the dragon as a sign of the Chinese zodiacal calendar, the representations of dragons in Japanese mythology, fairy tales and legends, in Hitachi-Fudoki, Kojiki, Nihon shoki. In the mythological picture of the world of the Japanese, the dragon is ambivalent and has both positive and negative features. It is revealed that the image of the dragon occupies an important place in Japanese traditional culture, painting, architecture, arts and crafts, calendar holidays, is widely represented in proverbs and sayings, word combinations and idioms. The reference to Japanese phraseology allowed to expand the base of the study and to reveal the totality of ideas about the dragon in the worldview of native speakers of the Japanese language. The author concludes that, nowadays, the image of the dragon in Japan has lost its sacral significance and is mainly used as tribute to tradition.

Suci Ramadhanti Febriani, Imam Asrori, Sutaman Sutaman

This research aimed to analyze Arabic language learning strategies based on curriculum integration from the perspective of Bloom's Taxonomy at Diniyah Puteri Islamic Boarding School. A qualitative approach with a case study method was used in this study. Data collection techniques included interviews with Arabic teachers, the headmaster, and the head of the Diniyyah Arabic Center (DAC). Other data collection techniques subsumed observation of learning activities and documentation from curriculum and lesson plans. The authors used Miles and Hubberman’s analysis theory to analyze the data. The substantive findings of this study showed that Arabic learning strategies based on integration of the Ministry of Religion's curriculum and the Diniyyah Arabic Center (DAC) from the perspective of Bloom's Taxonomy fell into the following: (a) the stages of remembering consisted of remembering pearls in the language environment, memorizing daily vocabulary, and memorizing conversations; (b) the stages of understanding consisted of listening to Arabic announcement strategies and using reading and translating methods; (c) the implementation stage consisted of Nasyaat Al-Akbaar, comparative studies, direct strategies, listening and speaking strategies; and (d) the creating stage consisted of Arabic camps, composing songs, and weekly speeches. The findings of this study infer that curriculum integration provides opportunities for students to improve Arabic language skills with varied strategies.

Sirijit Sunanta, Asuncion Fresnoza-Flot

The interview with Mrs. Chongcharoen Sornkaew Grimsmann, a long-term member and former president of Thai Women Network in Europe (TWNE), was originally conducted in English over email by Sirijit Sunanta and Asuncion Fresnoza-Flot in July 2022. It was supplemented by an online interview (via WebEx) in Thai by Sirijit Sunanta in November 2022. Mrs. Grimsmann served as the President of TWNE from 2019 to 2022. TWNE is well-established and one of the most active organizations of Thai migrant women with individual and organizational members in 16 European countries, the US, and Thailand. TWNE seeks to collaborate with governmental and non-governmental organizations, both in Thailand and the destination countries, to improve the welfare of Thai migrant women. They organize annual general meetings to discuss topics relevant to Thai migrant women’s lives in destination countries and publish an annual newsletter Sarn Satree (สารสตรี) to circulate information. Mrs. Grimsmann has extensive experience of providing community service as a social volunteer and working with international organizations, particularly in the area of women and children’s welfare. She is now based in France and Thailand.

Odile Mackett

South Africa is challenged by poverty and unemployment, as is characteristic of many developing countries. For those who cannot engage in wage labour, the government has a social assistance (grants) program which provides cash transfers for children, pensioners, and persons with disabilities. However, with persistently high unemployment rates and scarcity of jobs, the household structures of some grant recipients are often affected in an attempt to accommodate unemployed individuals who do not qualify for government assistance. The purpose of this research was to study the difference in labour market and poverty outcomes of individuals in grant receiving and non-grant receiving households. Using the National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS), this research found that individuals in grant receiving households have less favourable labour market outcomes than those in non-grant receiving households. Furthermore, individuals living in a household with an old-age pension recipient had better labour market and poverty outcomes compared to those living with a child support grant recipient. This suggests that the characteristics of households with old-age pension recipients may be more conducive to labour market and poverty outcomes over time compared to other households. Not only do the recipients of this grant receive a greater nominal amount of grant income each month, compared to child support grant recipients, but having pensioners in the household also provides the potential for working-age adults to benefit from ‘free’ childcare.

Pretorius, Erin

Languages like Afrikaans are sometimes said to feature a class of adpositions that can be described as “intransitive” (e.g. binne “inside”, bo “upstairs”, agter “in the back”, buite “outside”, onder “downstairs” voor “in the front”). It is argued that such elements in fact instantiate a “hybrid” category – the locative noun category – which is not missing a Ground external argument but is actually lexicalising the nominal structure associated with that Ground argument itself. Such locative nouns pattern with R-pronouns and home-class nouns and therefore probably share a similar internal structure with these better-studied elements of language.

Andries Visagie

Van Dyk, Tobie , Louw, Henk , Nizonkiza, Déogratias et al.

The present study examines the relationship between productive knowledge of collocations and academic literacy among first year students at North-West University. Participants were administered a collocation test, the items of which were selected from Nation’s (2006) word frequency bands, i.e. the 2000-word, 3000-word, 5000-word bands; and the Academic Word List (Coxhead, 2000). The scores from the collocation test were compared to those from the Test of Academic Literacy Levels (version administered in 2012). The results of this study indicate that, overall, knowledge of collocations is significantly correlated with academic literacy, which is also observed at each of the frequency bands from which the items were selected. These results support Nizonkiza’s (2014) findings that a significant correlation between mastery of collocations of words from the Academic Word List and academic literacy exists; which is extended here to words from other frequency bands. They also confirm previous findings that productive knowledge of collocations increases alongside overall proficiency (cf. Gitsaki, 1999; Bonk, 2001; Eyckmans et al., 2004; Boers et al., 2006; Nizonkiza, 2011; among others). This study therefore concludes that growth in productive knowledge of collocations may entail growth in academic literacy; suggesting that productive use of collocations is linked to academic literacy to a considerable extent. In light of these findings, teaching strategies aimed to assist first year students meet academic demands posed by higher education and avenues to explore for further research are discussed. Especially, we suggest adopting a productive oriented approach to teaching collocations, which we believe may prove useful.

Ansah, Mercy Akrofi , Agyeman, Nana Ama

The paper investigates the survival of two South-Guan minority dialects, Leteh and Efutu, in the context of the Ghana language-in-education policy. The study is done from the perspective of the UNESCO Universal Declaration on Linguistic Rights (1996). In every multilingual state, the formulation of policies concerning language use has always presented challenges. The government has to decide which of the languages need to be promoted and for what purposes. In Ghana, since the introduction of formal education, English has indubitably been the language of education, trade, law, media, government and administration. However, there has always been a debate surrounding the language-in-education policy, especially at the basic level of education. The argument has always been whether English should be emphasised or Ghanaian languages. For purposes of formal education, the government of Ghana has promoted nine languages known as government-sponsored languages. These are languages which have literary tradition and can be used as media of instruction in schools. This decision was to the detriment of some Ghanaian languages; languages which are often described as minority languages, and which are not government-sponsored. The paper argues that, if language and culture are intertwined, and the culture of a people must be preserved, then language policymakers need to consider the linguistic rights of speakers of the so-called minority languages. Data for the study were sourced from language surveys and observation.

Elsa Meihuizen

It could be argued that an important feature of Richard Murphy’s work, and of his identity as a poet is the relationship between the creative self and a particular place, where ‘place’ should be understood as referring not just to physical qualities of the natural environment, but in a broader sense to denote an environment in which everything is interrelated and connected, and in which there is no sharp division between the natural and the human. The landscape providing inspiration for Murphy’s poetic imagination is the landscapes and seascapes of Connemara in north-west Ireland. In 1959 he settled in this environment which was to be his base for the next 20 years and from this period and this location emanated the bulk of his poetic oeuvre. For Murphy committing to a life of writing poetry necessarily means being in the Connemara landscape. Returning to this environment in adulthood represents a quest for recovering childhood feelings, of belonging and love, as connected to particular places. Murphy’s Connemara poems could be read as an account of this process of re-placement, as a type of autobiographical text in which the artist creates a ‘double portrait’: in writing about the landscape he also writes about himself, creating a place-portrait which is, at the same time, a self-portrait.

Masanori Yamaji

Feltöltés alatt

Carisma Dreyer, Jeanette Brits

This article compares the effectiveness of three learning strategies (memory strategies) for ESL vocabulary acquisition. Four intact ESL classes were divided into one control group and three treatment groups (keyword, semantic, and keyword-semantic). These Afrikaans-speaking standard 6 pupils then received 4 days of instruction. Both multiplechoice and cued-recall instruments were used to measure effects both 1 day and 9 days after instruction. The results indicated that for both the multiple-choice and cued-recall tests the combined keyword-semantic strategy differed statistically Significantly as well as practically significantly from the keyword method. The results, therefore, suggest that the combined keyword-semantic strategy increased retention above the other strategies. Hierdie artikel vergelyk die effektiwiteit van drie taalleerstrategiee (geheue strategiee) vir die aanleer van woordeskat met mekaar. Vier intak Engels tweedetaal klasse is verdeel in een kontrole groep en drie eksperimentele groepe (sleutelwoord, semantiese en 'n kombinasie van die sleutelwoord-semantiese strategiee). 'n Groep Afrikaanssprekende standerd ses leerlinge het vir 'n tydperk van vier dae onderrig in elk van bogenoemde strategiee ontvang. Multikeuse en "cued-recall" instrumente is gebruik om die effek van onderrig beide een dag en nege dae na eksperimentering te bepaal. Die resultate het aangetoon dat die gekombineerde sleutelwoord-semantiese strategie statisties betekenisvol sowel as prakties betekenisvol van die sleutelwoord strategie en die kontrole groep verskil het. Dit wil dus voorkom asof die gekombineerde sleutelwoord-semantiese strategie die mees belowende strategie is ten opsigte van die retensie van woordeskat.

Lexikos Lexikos

Publication announcements of dictionaries published in the previous year.

S. Mühr

Early on in his acquaintance with Goethe, Schiller criticised Goethe‟s „philosophy‟ as too subjective: „It takes too much from the world of [the] senses, whereas I take from the soul.‟ Today, subjectivity is the opposite to the „objective‟ world experienced via the senses – a view that can be traced back to the early Scotist thinking on subjective versus objective truth. In the first part of this article, close textual analysis of Goethe‟s Farbenlehre („On the theory of colour‟) and Wahlverwandtschaften („Elective affinities‟), demonstrates how Goethe aligns the cognition of truth with a subjective function of participatory observation; which he sees as truly empirical. These texts from very different genres execute the same aesthetic programme, in which the narrator withdraws to invite the reader to see for him-/ herself. In the second part, Goethe‟s concept of participatory truth-finding is compared to Adorno‟s aesthetic theory – Adorno claims that only the non-identical appears momentarily in artwork. The comparison between Goethe‟s „Aperçu‟ and Adorno‟ s „Apparition‟, Goethe‟s „zarte Empirie‟ and Adorno‟s incommensurable insight of art, supports the argument that Adorno‟s dilemma in grappling with the absolute can be overcome by using Goethe‟s relativising stance. This approach interprets knowledge as a set of cultural-historical concepts, emphasising the pivotal position and relevance of literary studies.

Review Editor

Book Reviews 10.4

M. J. Prins

The aims of this article are: (a) a “close reading” of Etienne Leroux’s short story “Die man van Nizjni-Nowgorod" and (b) testing Hennie Aucamp's statement that this story can serve as an “introduction” to Leroux, In doing the first the author of the article confirms the second. The story deals with the contrast between reality and illusion, truth and falsehood, the mask and the “true self”. In various ways the main character tries to transform and transcend an ugly and unacceptable reality. However, he himself and his strategies are periodically being exposed. The fact that it is not always possible for the reader as well as for the narrator to know whether Johnny really believes his own “salesman’s talk” contributes to the complexity and fascination of the discourse. In the way in which the actantial matrix is handled, the use of the (literary) reference and the passive role played by the main character the later Leroux is clearly discernible.

E. Terblanche

In an attempt to find his place within nature in South Africa and in a global modern context, Douglas Livingstone returns strongly to modernist poetry in his 1991 volume A littoral zone. In contrast to his predecessors like Wallace Stevens in “The glass of water” and T.S. Eliot in The waste land, this volume at critical moments gets stuck in a liminal stage. Images and poems, and eventually the volume as a whole, despite the highlights they present, say that it no longer seems so possible to end up also within the postliminal stage, so as to complete a rite of passage. Yet modernist poems such as Stevens’s “The glass of water” have the ability to end up in postliminal affirmation through and beyond the liminal stage of the overall process. Here light becomes a thirsty lion that comes down to drink from the glass, with a resultant transcendence of the dualistic between-ness that characterises the liminal stage in the modernist poetic mode, while this further results in the incorporation of a deeper and refreshing, dynamic unity. Even more remarkable is that this poetic rite is not of a closing nature, but open, especially in the sense that it affirms all that is possible and greater than the individual ego or subject, this, while getting stuck within a liminal stage just short of the postliminal stage can be in the nature of closure, as Livingstone shows, for example, when he says in “Low tide at Station 20” that humanity is trapped in its inability to see the original power of unity with and within nature in order to live within it; and while humanity remains an ugly outgrowth on the gigantic spine of evolution. In provisional conclusion this article finds that it will be better to view Victor Turner’s 1979 celebration of what he terms the “liminoid” in the place of a “true liminality” critically. Although it is impossible to return to a collective catharsis in watching a play, one cannot feel too comfortable about getting rid of the cosmological, theological and concrete embeddedness of rites of passage (of which a liminal stage merely forms a part). Van Gennep links these matters, and modernist poets are still able to express these interlinked matters with a powerful, sensitive effect of dynamic unity. Livingstone also does this, but in considerably lesser measure, and from within a considerably more uncertain context. The article ultimately shows that for these reasons and more, Livingstone’s volume deserves far more critical reading than it has received to date, and that despite one or two weaknesses – of which the employment of The waste land in the rather flimsy “The waste land at Station 14” is the most serious – the volume continues to make a rich contribution to South African life, or within any country that views poetry as an important form of human communication.