Communicative behaviour studies require using numerous methodological approaches depending on the goal and tasks of research. Linguopolitical personology conceives of political communication as an institutionalized phenomenon aimed at holding power or winning the race for power, which allows researchers to employ a particular toolset to explore a politician’s communicative behaviour. This article seeks to provide effective methods in crafting communicative types of political personality. A typology hinges upon cross-disciplinary criteria and includes seven types - The Defender, The Statist, The Servant, The Warrior, The Blame Maker, The Ruler, The Idealist, each commensurate with an overarching communicative goal and dependent lexical sets. It is tested by scrutinizing the British parliamentary debates of 2010-2022 and determining the strength of a type correlation by noun and verb frequency; to that end research exploits the Sketch Engine content analysis program. The proposed methodological algorithm, if supplemented by delving into strategies and tactics, can be regarded as a universal tool for analyzing a politician’s communicative behaviour holistically.
Language. Linguistic theory. Comparative grammar, Semantics
Gelek mîrektiyên kurdan hene ku gelek bi hêz temendar bûne. Ji wan yek Mîrektiya Bitlîsê ye ku 760 salî desthilatdar bûye. Mirektiyan Cizîrê û Hekariyê jî bi nav û deng bûne. Bi navê beglik û mîrek wekî Miks, Hîzan Mehmûdî û wekî din jî hebûne. Lêbelê Mîrektiya Kêsanê heta niha nehatiye naskirin. Xebat li ser vê Mîrektiyê nehatine kirin. Me jî xebatek li ser vê mijarê hem di qadê da hem jî di çavkaniyan da kir. Bi alîkriya rêberên herêmê em çûne Sunbanê. Me yek ji endamên wê mîrmalbatê ku Cemîl Begê ye tesbît kir û agahiyên pêwîst jê wergirtin. Çi ku li ser erdnigariya vê binemala mîrektiyê bi hûrgilî yan xebat nehatine kirin, yan jî ji aliyê çand, huner, dîrok û erdkolojiyê ve kêm xebatên zanistî çêbûne. Lewra hê jî gelek cih hene ku li ser herêmeke din tên hesibandin, yan jî nayêne naskirin; lê di nav gel da bi navekî cuda têne binavkirin. Ew herêm yan jî şaxên malmîrekan tam nehatine tesbîtkirin. Zemanê berê, serdema navîn rêveberiya herêma Kurdistanê ji aliyê axa, mîr û begên kurdan ve hatiye îdarekirin. Yek ji wan jî Mîrektiya/Beglika Kêsanê ye. Ev Mîretiya han, ji dema şerê Ulama û Şeref Xanê Bitlîsî bi şûn ve ava bûye û heta dema Murad Begê Kêsanî dewam kiriye. Desthilatdariya Osmanî ew rûxandiye. Mîrekên Kêsanê herçiqas nêzê 250 û 300 sal ev herêm îdare kirine jî dîroka medreseya wê digihîje heta 383 salan berê. Ev herêma ku em ê li serê bixebitin, navenda Mîrektiyê Kêsanê û Keleha Sunbanê derdora 60-70ê gundî nav xwe da dihewîne. Em ê behsa Keleha Mîran, Medreseya ‘Ebdulah Beg, dêr û camiyên wan bikin. Herweha dê jiyana Fileh û Musulmanên ku wê hingê çawa bi awayekî biedalet bi hev ra mi‘amele kirine bibe mijara lêkolînê. Dê şopa çîrok û serpêhatiya vê mîrektiya ku wekî sancaqekê bûye cihê gerandin û nivîstekên medrese û kêlikên têkildarî Begen Kêsanê bihên vekolan.
Indo-Iranian languages and literature, Language. Linguistic theory. Comparative grammar
This issue of Revista Tradumàtica explores how technology, including machine translation, AI, and accessibility tools, transforms professional translation. Articles address psychological impacts, productivity, quality, and usability. Highlights include autonomy’s link to job satisfaction, stress from concurrent workflows, and challenges with large language models and remote interpreting platforms. Accessibility studies emphasize user involvement in design. While technology boosts productivity, it introduces stress and uncertainty, underscoring the importance of user-driven development to enhance satisfaction, autonomy, and translation quality.
Abstract Speaking constitutes one of the main goals of learning a second language (L2). Despite the increasing attention on the role of planning and language transfer in L2 learning, the combined effect of using different languages and pre-task planning on language production remains unclear. This study investigated whether the use of different languages in planning affects speaking performance and whether the effect differs by language proficiency. A total of 84 students in Chinese universities learning English as a foreign language participated in several speaking tasks after planning using their first language (L1) Chinese or L2 English. Findings showed that using L1 in planning results in significantly higher syntactic complexity, accuracy, and fluency in speaking performance than using L2 in planning, while the difference in lexical diversity were not statistically significant. Further analysis shows that for speech accuracy, the facilitative effect of L1 was stronger among low-proficient than high-proficient learners. Findings from this study support the use of L2 learners’ entire linguistic repertoire in speaking activities and provides implications on speech production theories as well as translanguaging pedagogies.
Special aspects of education, Language acquisition
Rosario Rodríguez del Busto, Emanuel Exequiel Guanco
La comunicación constituye uno de los desafíos más grande de la humanidad, ya que a pesar de compartir un mismo sistema, la comunicación no siempre es posible. En muchas ocasiones, el uso que los hablantes hacen del lenguaje es un reproductor de esta problemática. Es por esto, que el tema que nos convoca son los discursos sociales en torno al lenguaje, puestos en diálogo con dos teorías: la teoría saussureana y la teoría peirceana. Como punto de partida vamos a analizar, desde estas dos perspectivas, ciertas barreras y desigualdades que produce el uso del lenguaje.
Murad Abdu Saeed, Atef Odeh AbuSa’aleek, Huda Suleiman Al Qunayeer
How teachers can provide effective feedback that promotes' students' active responses to and use of it is the question of the current debate in research. The need for teachers to formulate/compose their feedback in the form of questioning alleviates their authoritative roles in the process. Therefore, this study explored the role of teacher Google Doc-based feedback given in the form of questions on the assignments of 14 pairs of undergraduates in a Malaysian university in fostering their responses to feedback and uptake of it in writing. The results revealed that the feedback questions fall into single Yes/No questions, single Wh-questions, and a combination of both, which served as eliciting responses, eliciting information, seeking clarifications, requesting, checking certainty, and inviting learners to respond to and interact over the e-feedback before using it in revising their texts. Findings indicate that Google Docs functions as an interactive platform where students diversify their responses to e-feedback, such as commenting on the e-feedback, interacting around the e-feedback issues, seeking further feedback, resolving the e-feedback, and addressing the e-feedback through edits/text revisions. Furthermore, the way e-feedback questioning is formulated influences how students respond to and use e-feedback in revising their assignments. The study provides valuable suggestions for teacher feedback practices in graduate courses in higher educational institutions.
Special aspects of education, Language. Linguistic theory. Comparative grammar
AbstractProof-theoretic models of grammar are based on the view that an explicit characterization of a language comes in the form of the recursive enumeration of strings in that language. That recursive enumeration is carried out by a procedure which strongly generates a set of structural descriptions Σ and weakly generates a set of strings S; a grammar is thus a function that pairs an element of Σ with elements of S. Structural descriptions are obtained by means of Context-Free phrase structure rules or via recursive combinatorics and structure is assumed to beuniform: binary branching trees all the way down. In this work we will analyse natural language constructions for which such a rigid conception of phrase structure is descriptively inadequate and propose a solution for the problem of phrase structure grammars assigning too much or too little structure to natural language strings: we propose that the grammar can oscillate between levels of computational complexity in local domains, which correspond to elementary trees in a lexicalised Tree Adjoining Grammar.
Abstract This study aims to demonstrate the need for learner-corpus-informed applications and proposes methods of application that promote the proper use of Korean topic and nominative markers. This study extracted 3004 pieces of error from the error-annotated corpus of the Korean Learners’ Corpus, the largest Korean learner corpus to date. A detailed examination of the above data was conducted to subdivide the types of substitution errors related to the topic and nominative markers, and to analyze the error rate according to the type of error and level of proficiency. The statistical data revealed no consistent correlation between the error rate and proficiency level. Furthermore, based on the proportion of error types by proficiency level, this study proposes the use of common mistake boxes with real errors; these errors are generally committed by learners of all proficiency levels and are not presumed problematic by grammarians or intuition-based teachers. These boxes can, therefore, be utilized as a practical tool for inclusion in pedagogical materials, such as learner’s dictionaries and textbooks.
Special aspects of education, Language acquisition
The concept of something runs like a red thread through Husserl's explanations of the phenomenological theory of intentionality. "Something" is what we mean even when we use fictional and contradictory expressions. In the words of Emile Benveniste, how can this "something" be demarcated from language? In the search for a linguistically adequate understanding of this concept, topics as diverse as Augustine's theory of language, Franz Bopp's comparative grammar, text linguistics, or Heidegger's reading of the modistic treatise are treated within the framework of comparative studies. It is, as the phenomenological analysis of empty names or inner monologue shows, in particular situations of speaking that the concept of something and thus the meaning-bearing function of linguistic expressions comes into consciousness.
Sound change in the form of plosive mergers has been reported for a variety of languages and is the result of a reduction of phonetic distance between two (or more) sounds. The present study is concerned with the opposite development of phonetic differentiation in plosives (akin to a phonetic split), a less commonly reported phenomenon that is taking place in Austrian German at the moment. A previously small (or null) phonetic distinction between fortis and lenis plosives – a presumed near-merger – is gradually developing into a clear phonetic contrast in younger speakers. In the present study, voice onset time of word-initial plosives was measured in two generations of Austrian speakers (born in the middle and at the end of the 20th century), yielding an ongoing phonetic differentiation where the voice onset time of lenis consonants is shortened while, at the same time, that of fortis consonants is lengthened. These results present an insight into the recent diachronic development of Austrian German and the changes in plosive production that are currently taking place.
Seliqa (linguistic innate) associated with the debate on the origin of languages in one respect, has occupied the agenda of Islamic linguists of the classical period as well as Western linguists of the modern period. Islamic linguists in the Arabic language in particular, Western linguists in general, have put forward different views in the sense of what this phenomenon, whether it is an innate or an intellectual ability. The aim of this study is that Jāhiz (d. 255/869), one of the representatives of classical Arabic linguistics who sees seliqa as a geographical and sociological phenomenon, and Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), who sees it as a system with standard rules, and Jurjānī (d. 471/1078), who saw it as a structuralist and superficial phenomenon, and Noam Chomsky, who developed the modern Generative Grammar theory and put forward a different understanding of seliqa in accordance with this language theory, is a Western linguist in the modern era, to express their views on language seliqa in a comparative way. In the last part of the study, it is mentioned the views of Temmam Hassan who is the one of the representatives of modern Arabic linguistics and the author of this study, about the language seliqa.
Metaphor is a linguistic category and structure. The way metaphor is chosen and applied plays a critical role in idea-making and explaining ideas. Hence, it necessarily conveys the ideas, purposes and thoughts of authors and poets. There is a coherent meaningful and purposeful link between metaphors and ideologies as the former form the latter. The present study, using an analytical method, explores ‘Sa’di’s debate with The Plaintiff’, one of the long narratives of Gulistan’s Seventh Chapter with a discursive-dialectic structure. The most important question in the paper is whether the narrative solely explains the difference between wealth and poverty, and the preference of the former over the latter or not. Generally, the set of conceptual metaphors and deductive debates reveal that Sa’di’s undermined poverty-oriented historical view of society in an experimental-phenomenological fashion, taking into account the effective active and creative self-knowledge ideology using his own capable character
Przedmiotem rozważań w niniejszym artykule uczyniono imiona i nazwy zawodów, a dokładnie proces i jego odbiór w związku z tworzeniem żeńskich imion i nazw zawodów od nazw męskich, często od dawna już istniejących. Przyglądanie się współczesnym tendencjom poprowadzi do różnych wniosków, które niewątpliwie mają związek z obecnym postrzeganiem przez użytkowników języka naturalnego, rzeczywistości, hierarchii ważności współczesnego człowieka czy obecnych relacji społecznych, które tworzą ludzie. I to ludzie (zwykli użytkownicy języka, nie specjaliści), co pokazuje praktyka, decydują o ostatecznym kształcie komunikacji językowej. Dotyczy to także relacji między płciami, ich sposobu rozumowania, komunikowania się, przypisywania sobie wzajemnie cech i roli w społeczeństwie.
Este artículo pone de relieve los esfuerzos realizados en el área de la adquisición de segundas lenguas para describir los mecanismos psicolingüísticos que el aprendiz de lenguas pone en práctica en el momento del aprendizaje. Esos mecanismos, identificados inicialmente como estrategias, fueron objeto de estudio por varios investigadores debido a la importancia que la competencia estratégica representa en el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa del aprendiz. En coherencia con lo anterior, desde una perspectiva diacrónica, se describe cómo se ha ido confor- mando la noción de estrategia, sus diferentes tipologías y su importancia en el marco de una pedagogía para la autonomía, en la que el desarrollo de la autorregu- lación resulta esencial en el proceso de aprendizaje de una segunda lengua.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Philology. Linguistics