Hasil untuk "Industrial sociology. Social conditions of labor"

Claudia Cavallari

This article examines how judges in Italy deal with sociocultural diversity in family law cases. The aim is to investigate how understandings about culture are shaped and constructed in legal reasoning and what institutional dynamics influence this process. Based on qualitative research –  semi-structured interviews with judges and critical discourse analysis of judicial decisions – the study explores the tension between individually held understandings of culture and the institutional conditions under which legal decisions are produced. Some judges show awareness of the dynamic nature of culture, but such perspectives rarely translate into the rulings. On the contrary, culture is often treated as a fixed attribute, made legible through essentialist classifications shaped by procedural, bureaucratic constraints and reliance on external assessments. Combining Practice-Based Theory and Critical Discourse Analysis, the article shows how judicial reasoning is constructed in routines that reinforce dominant cultural assumptions, suggesting the need for structural change to support more context-sensitive, pluralistic forms of legal interpretation.

Alice Lacchei

In administrative, civil, and criminal courts, Italian judges are increasingly called upon to rule on crucial aspects of managing migration. One of the critical areas is undoubtedly asylum policies regarding access to asylum and the procedure for determining international protection. This article explores the daily work of international protection judges, who face challenges in accomplishing their tasks due to linguistic, socio-cultural, and geographical diversity. It links individual and organisational levels, showing how their work context shapes judges' practices. The study highlights the consequences of these practices in reinforcing social inequalities. Data was collected by combining semi-structured interviews with judges and shadowing in five court sections. The article reflects on the shadowing technique’s potential for analyzing judicial sector dynamics, especially when combined with semi-structured interviews.

Margherita D'Andrea

L’articolo esplora nella prima parte le linee di confine tra la sociologia del diritto e la scienza giuridica e l’uso degli strumenti della ricerca bottom up e top down, partendo dalla metodologia di Reza Banakar. Tra i temi che lo studioso ha sollevato nella seconda parte si approfondisce quello della difficile dialettica tra certezza e incertezza del diritto, che nella tarda modernità globalizzata sembra assumere contorni più porosi. Da qui, si ragionerà sulle forme di incertezza del diritto, guardando al caso paradigmatico della progressiva precarizzazione della condizione giuridica delle persone straniere, dei loro status e diritti.

Mario G. Losano

Il piemontese Guido Boggiani (1861-1902) coltivò la pittura e l’etnografia. Lasciò apprezzate pubblicazioni sui luoghi, sulle lingue e sui costumi degli indigeni (soprattutto Chamacoco e Caduvei) del Gran Chaco, nel bacino del Río de la Plata. Fu amico di Gabriele d’Annunzio, che vide in lui un novello Ulisse e gli dedicò molti versi nel poema Maja. Boggiani, per documentare i suoi viaggi, alla pittura affiancò l’allora nuova tecnica della fotografia, creando un’iconografia etnografia insostituibile. Viaggiò nella vasta regione del Gran Chaco ed ebbe sempre buoni rapporti con gli indigeni: però in uno dei suoi viaggi venne ucciso in circostanze che non furono mai chiarite. Nel 2024 Verbania – cittadina vicina a Omegna, città natale di Boggiani – gli dedicò una vasta mostra commemorativa.

Patrizia Santoro

Nel seguire le direttrici del cambiamento imposte dalle nuove tecnologie digitali, la pubblica amministrazione si trova dinnanzi a sfide impegnative che lasciano intravedere rischi e criticità i cui impatti ricadono inevitabilmente nel rapporto con i cittadini. In questo quadro, l’articolo considera alcuni aspetti di natura istituzionale che entrano nel dibattito sul rapporto tra diritto e nuove tecnologie, conducendo l’attenzione su quei meccanismi di automatizzazione che potrebbero far perdere di vista la riflessività della decisione giuridica.

Claudia Mantovan

L’articolo analizza un intervento di trasferimento di famiglie rom e sinte da un “villaggio” ad alloggi di edilizia residenziale pubblica realizzato a Venezia, inquadrandolo nel classico tema socio-giuridico dei processi di implementazione delle norme ( in questo caso l’art. 11 della L.R 10/96 del Veneto, riguardante situazioni di emergenza abitativa). Al di là del caso studio presentato, il contributo intende proporre alcuni spunti utili per l’analisi dei processi di implementazione delle norme, in particolare nell’ambito delle politiche sociali: porre in dialogo la letteratura relativa ai processi di implementazione del diritto con quella riguardante il critical social work e l’approccio anti-oppressivo nel lavoro sociale; adottare un approccio diacronico; analizzare i profili degli operatori sociali; considerare l’influenza della struttura di opportunità politica presente ai livelli territoriali sovra-locali. Applicando questo framework analitico e utilizzando dati di ricerche recenti e passate, vengono messi in luce alcuni elementi interpretativi per spiegare che cosa ha fatto sì che, nel caso di Venezia, attorno all’implementazione di questa norma sia stato costruito un progetto con caratteristiche almeno parzialmente riconducibili ad un approccio anti-oppressivo, diversamente da quanto accaduto per il progetto di desegregazione del “ghetto” di via Anelli realizzato a Padova.

Costanza Agnella

A partire dall’esperienza di una clinica legale, il presente contributo intende riflettere sul rapporto tra vulnerabilità sociale e promozione dei diritti. Nel solco delle teorie critiche del diritto, il metodo clinico-legale costituisce un prezioso strumento di svelamento dell’oppressione dei soggetti marginalizzati nel campo giuridico. Analizzando alcuni diari riflessivi elaborati dalle e dagli studenti durante le attività pratiche della clinica legale, ne verranno esplorate le potenzialità al fine di comprendere la dimensione situazionale della vulnerabilità dei destinatari dell’attività clinica, nonché per riflettere sulla vulnerabilità del diritto e dello studente. Le riflessioni sulla vulnerabilità situata consentiranno in conclusione di tracciare alcune prospettive per la clinica legale come spazio per richiamare le istituzioni e, in generale, gli attori del campo giuridico al rispetto dei diritti fondamentali.

Masanori Takano, Kenji Yokotani, Takahiro Kato et al.

Online communication via avatars provides a richer online social experience than text communication. This reinforces the importance of online social support. Online social support is effective for people who lack social resources because of the anonymity of online communities. We aimed to understand online social support via avatars and their social relationships to provide better social support to avatar users. Therefore, we administered a questionnaire to three avatar communication service users (Second Life, ZEPETO, and Pigg Party) and three text communication service users (Facebook, X, and Instagram) (N=8,947). There was no duplication of users for each service. By comparing avatar and text communication users, we examined the amount of online social support, stability of online relationships, and the relationships between online social support and offline social resources (e.g., offline social support). We observed that avatar communication service users received more online social support, had more stable relationships, and had fewer offline social resources than text communication service users. However, the positive association between online and offline social support for avatar communication users was more substantial than for text communication users. These findings highlight the significance of realistic online communication experiences through avatars, including nonverbal and real-time interactions with co-presence. The findings also highlighted avatar communication service users' problems in the physical world, such as the lack of offline social resources. This study suggests that enhancing online social support through avatars can address these issues. This could help resolve social resource problems, both online and offline in future metaverse societies.

Supiah Ningsih, M. Sipahutar, Willy Yusnandar et al.

Globalization has accelerated economic, social, and political integration between countries, creating an increasingly open and competitive labor market. This has encouraged the mobility of labor across countries, both physically and virtually, and expanded opportunities for individuals and companies to participate in the global economy. Technology, especially the digital revolution, artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, and automation, is a major driver of global labor market change. By 2030, more than 80% of global employers expect technology to revolutionize various industrial sectors and create high demand for new skills, such as programming, big data analysis, and technology literacy. Globalization has become a major factor changing the dynamics of labor markets around the world, including Indonesia. This development requires countries to adjust their labor market policies and structures to be able to compete amidst increasingly competitive and liberal global market pressures. One major trend is the implementation of a flexible labor market system, promoted by international institutions such as the World Bank and IMF in response to the incompatibility of rigid labor markets with global economic conditions. The development of the global labor market due to globalization has brought significant changes to the structure, behavior, and policies of the labor market, including in Indonesia. Human resource management is the key to managing these challenges and taking advantage of these opportunities, through adaptive, inclusive, and knowledge-based strategies to create competitive advantage and sustainable economic growth. The evolution of human resource management in the modern era is marked by digital transformation that changes the way organizations manage their workforce, from manual processes to automation and data-driven.

O. Shikhova, E. Shalagina, E. V. Pryamikova

The relevance of the study of the youth’s professional plans in relation to the industrial sector is determined by personnel shortage, erosion of institutional benchmarks during the period of professional self-determination, and the increasing role of human capital in production. In recent years, the scientific community has identified the problem of deengineering associated with labor imbalances at enterprises of real sector of the economy and having such deeper origins as deformation of the student youth’s professional self-determination. Under the intensively developing digitalization and social-cultural dynamics, utilitarian values o f the profession become a priority for the younger generation, but the model of new industriality suggests a different orientation - towards professional development, essence of work and management of cultural capital. The study aims at identifying students’ and working youth’s attitudes to the engineering profession and the nature of their professional plans. Several groups were surveyed in Yekaterinburg: 11th grade schoolchildren (N=2233); 2nd-4th-year students of technical schools (N=1865); 1st-6th-year students of universities (N=1009); young workers of the Ural industrial enterprise (under 35, N=204). The data indicates contradictions in the professional plans of young people. New industriality has determined the priority of knowledge in labor, the significance of involvement in production and of responsibility for the high-quality performance, but young people focus on external indicators (salary, career growth, good working conditions) in their professional path. The engineering profession by its nature coincides with impulses of today’s industrial development, but in the youth’s perception, on the contrary, is typically utilitarian.

Bohao Wang

This paper examines the complex impact of the Industrial Revolution on women in eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century Britain by analyzing both academic debates and empirical evidence on womens living and working conditions. While industrialization undeniably expanded certain employment opportunitiesparticularly in the textile industrythe paper argues that these apparent gains masked deeper structures of exploitation. Through a review of contrasting historiographical positions, it highlights how some scholars describe industrialization as a catalyst for womens economic independence, whereas others emphasize declining living standards, gendered wage discrimination, and deteriorating working environments. Drawing on studies of womens height, nutrition, factory labor conditions, and wage patterns, this paper demonstrates that industrialization often intensified pre-existing gender inequalities. Traditional forms of womens work disappeared due to enclosure and mechanization, pushing many into low-paid factory jobs characterized by long hours, health hazards, and lack of institutional protection. Within households, unequal resource allocation further affected womens well-being, as shown by nutritional deprivation and stagnant or declining physical indicators. Social attitudes toward working women also reinforced marginalization, framing them as morally suspect and socially inferior. Ultimately, this paper argues that although the Industrial Revolution altered the structure of female labor, it did not improve womens social status. Instead, it reproduced and amplified forms of exploitation, revealing the limits of economic change in transforming gender hierarchies.

Iguodala-Cole, Hope Imuetinyan (Ph.D), Monica Alexander Ankeli

The relationship between labour identity and workplace exploitation in Nigeria’s industrial sector remains a key sociological concern. Literature serves as a reflective and analytical medium, capturing socio-economic struggles. Dul Johnson’s Deeper into the Night offers a striking portrayal of labour conditions, exploitation, and identity crises among Nigerian workers. This study examines how the novel encapsulates these issues and how literature aids in analyzing workplace inequalities. This research is guided by Marxist literary criticism and post-colonial labour theories. Marxist criticism highlights labor commodification and worker alienation under capitalist systems (Marx, 1867), while post-colonial labour theories assess the impact of colonial economic structures on modern labor relations (Fanon, 1961). These perspectives help contextualize themes of exploitation and identity in Deeper into the Night. A qualitative content analysis approach was used to examine the novel as a socio-industrial text. Key passages depicting labor conditions, workplace conflicts, and character interactions were systematically analyzed to identify dominant themes, particularly in how workers resist or endure exploitation. The novel illustrates harsh labor conditions through themes such as Alienation and Marginalization - Workers are treated as expendable under capitalist structures. Economic Hardship and Class Struggle -The widening socio-economic divide reinforces systemic inequalities. Resistance and Resilience - Some characters challenge oppression, demanding better conditions. Deeper into the Night critically examines Nigeria’s industrial labour landscape. It was recommended amongst others that literature should be integrated into sociological and policy discussions to enhance understanding of workers' experiences and that future research should explore similar themes in other African literary works.

Elena A. Kolosova

The author of the article draws attention to the changes in work that have occurred in society over the last century. She shows that labor education includes several levels (family, industrial (non-family), social), either of which has its own characteristics and is accompanied by a separate system of training and mastering the skills of such activities and considers current approaches to labor education. The author’s definition of family labor education is given, designed to teach children to various types of work (routine, proactive, constructive), taking into account gender and age characteristics, inclinations, health conditions with the help of psychological and socio-pedagogical mechanisms, involving adults (parents and legal representatives of their children). Empirical data related to the particularity in family labor education for children of different sexes is shown.

Ahmad Sulintang, T. S. Saragih, An Nisa Pramasanti et al.

This study conducts a comprehensive literature review to understand the direction and trends in contemporary labor studies, emphasizing significant global issues attracting scientific attention. Employing a scientometric approach, recent research data is explored using bibliometric analysis. The research adopts a mixed-methods approach, utilizing National Labor Statistics and conducting Focus Group Discussions (FGD) for nuanced insights into labor conditions in Indonesia. A bibliometric analysis of Scientific Labor Research Articles in Scopus (2020-2022) identifies trends and classifies global labor-related topics. Results highlight challenges in the labor landscape, driven by technological advancements and globalization, impacting job security, creating skill gaps, and raising concerns about the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The informal sector, particularly pronounced in Indonesia, poses challenges related to poverty, inequality, and the gig economy. Emerging issues like informal care for the elderly, social capital, and informal learning call for nuanced policy approaches. Indonesia's aging population adds complexity, requiring sustainable support mechanisms for healthcare and social services. The digital landscape, specifically Fintech, plays a significant role, yet research gaps persist. Bridging the digital talent gap is crucial for effective digital transformation, necessitating collaboration between government, educational institutions, and industry players. Challenges in Fintech development highlight the importance of initiatives promoting digital literacy, ethical practices, and regulatory frameworks. In conclusion, a holistic and collaborative approach is essential for navigating complexities and fostering sustainable economic growth.

Annamaria Rufino

La rivoluzione virtuale occupa uno spazio debordante in ogni dinamica, comunicativa, regolativa, sociale ed istituzionale. Il virtuale non rappresenta più una semplice modalità operativa, ma riguarda, ormai, ogni azione, oltre ad ogni pensiero. I dubbi, le perplessità e i rischi prodotti dal virtuale, inteso come operatività intelligente, interessano il tempo e lo spazio di tutti. Da qui, la produzione di due estremi paradossali: l’adesione incondizionata e il rifiuto categorico. Nello spazio intermedio si disseminano procedure di cui nessuno ancora può ipotizzare e spiegare l’impatto.

Marta Basile, Deborah De Felice

Questo contributo presenta i risultati di un’indagine esplorativa comparativa tra Italia e Polonia riguardo al principio del superiore interesse del minore e alle responsabilità decisionali ad esso annesse. La metodologia adottata segue una logica ricostruttiva. Attraverso l’analisi testuale di alcune sentenze polacche e italiane e di alcune interviste somministrate a professionisti dei rispettivi paesi, è stato considerato il processo che dalla definizione teorica del superiore interesse del minore transita verso una sua concreta declinazione, quale è l’avvio di un programma mirato per la sua tutela. Il contributo mira a esaminare le prassi di implementazione sulla tutela dei diritti dei minori nei due Paesi considerando la loro adattabilità e variabilità in risposta ai diversi contesti politici e socioeconomici. Le differenze tra Italia e Polonia sottolineano la complessità delle sfide legate alla tutela dei diritti dei minori in contesti giuridici e culturali diversi.

Laura Guercio

L’articolo intende illustrare la rilevanza contemporanea della sindrome di Dorian Gray nell’era digitale, dove l’idealizzazione dell’individuo e della comunità si intreccia con la cultura della cancellazione e la ricerca ossessiva di potere, prestigio e controllo. La tesi avanzata suggerisce che, senza escludere altre cause di natura economica, giuridica e politica, alla radice degli attuali disordini sociali, inclusi quelli di natura internazionale, vi sia un aumento dell’esasperazione narcisistica individuale, causata dalla mancanza di controllo, anche normativo, sulla dimensione digitale, i cui ritmi superano notevolmente le capacità umane di reazione. La tesi esplora tre dimensioni principali: la costruzione di un sé perfetto nel contesto digitale, la formazione di una comunità conforme a valori predefiniti tramite la cultura della cancellazione e, infine, l’analisi della ricerca ossessiva di prestigio e potere da parte degli attori statali. Esiste uno sviluppo consequenziale di questi tre aspetti, i quali sono interconnessi tra loro attraverso il filo conduttore di una moderna interpretazione della sindrome di Dorian Gray che si manifesta grazie all’acceleratore del digitale a ritmi non paralleli a quelli del mondo fisico. In altre parole, e questo è il punto che l’articolo intende analizzare, si tratta di capire se l’idealizzazione dell’io online, e i suoi effetti conseguenti a livello culturale, sociale e geopolitico, trovino un confronto paritario con i ritmi di reazione del mondo fisico. Oppure se quest’ultimo, con le sue regolamentazioni normative del secondo dopoguerra, sia ormai superato.

Vladislav Yu. Bocharov

A conceptual model for the analysis of labor relations based on the methodology of the sociology of life is presented. Labor relations are considered as a synthesizing concept of the life world of an employee of a modern high-tech industrial enterprise. Empirical research data indicate differences in the state of key characteristics of labor relations (labor consciousness, labor behavior and the production environment) between employees of automated («A») and non-automated («NА») production sites. Among the employees of the «A» sites, the proportion of «conformists» is noticeably higher, there is a lower level of social well-being, job satisfaction and its components, involvement in the digital environment, vocational training and a more pronounced willingness to conflict in the enterprise. Among the employees of the «NА» sites, there is a higher proportion of «pragmatists» who are guided by material motives, well adapted to the production environment, satisfied with their current profession, career prospects and demonstrating a high level of social well-being. The conclusion is made about the reasons for this differencing and measures are proposed to accelerate the adaptation of workers to the new content of work in the conditions of the fourth industrial revolution and the formation of their involvement levels in the affairs of the enterprise, the manifestation of initiative and creative attitude to work.

A. B. Astashov, Alexander, Dr Borisovich Astashov

Yulia V. Ivanchina

Based on the paradigm and system approach, the author analyzes the evolution of the labor law paradigm, which formed within the industrial type of society and economy and is currently experiencing a paradigm crisis, as it is losing its cognitive effectiveness and predictive purpose. For labor law as a complex developing system, the process of evolution is characteristic. It is similar to the paradigm process, which is mediated by two coherent factors (permanent - socially significant needs of the subjects of labor law, and temporal - the dominant type of society and economy). The same factors are typical for the evolution of the system, where socially significant needs act as a permanent system-forming factor of the industry. The external environment acts as a temporal factor - changes taking place in society and the economy, with which the system is in constant interaction. These processes differ in the outcome of a possible scientific crisis. The paradigm approach assumes one way out - a scientific revolution and the emergence of a new paradigm. The development of events with a systematic approach is more variable. When, as a result of the modification of individual elements of the system, the process of evolution starts, leading to a crisis, it can end both with the death of this system, and with transformations in it and the formation on the basis of the old system of a new one, more adapted to external conditions, that is, the emergence of a new paradigm. A judgment has been put forward that the new paradigm of labor law should be based on a transformed, expanded understanding of the labor relationship as a relationship based on labor activity carried out by an individual personally in order to meet socially significant needs and maintain his life, in any form, under control, management and / or subordination to the subject providing work (employer), in whose interests the work is carried out.