Hasil untuk "Christianity"

Charles Taylor

J. Turner, N. Hatch

Isaac Anderson, Wesley Stevick, Katrina Koehler

The Bible is packed with references from start to finish. This study aims to analyze a specific branch of these references: citations. While there are several types of references, both explicit and implicit, this study focuses on the types of references that can be detected with a simple algorithmic string comparison, or an n-gram string comparison. Words were compared by their Strong's Concordance numbers so they could be compared without conjugation or declension. We searched through the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint) and Greek New Testament manuscripts for direct quotations from the former in the latter. Our analysis of these references leads us to believe Old Testament books cluster into three groups of common use, and that New Testament books cluster into two books of common use. We analyze these clusters to show explicitly how they differ, and discover that New Testament books reference vastly different portions of the Old Testament.

Robert Becker, Aron Culotta

We applied computational methods to analyze references across 2,245 philosophical texts, spanning from approximately 550 BCE to 1940 AD, in order to measure patterns in how philosophical ideas have spread over time. Using natural language processing and network analysis, we mapped over 294,970 references between authors, classifying each reference into subdisciplines of philosophy based on its surrounding context. We then constructed a graph, with authors as nodes and textual references as edges, to empirically validate, visualize, and quantify intellectual lineages as they are understood within philosophical scholarship. For instance, we find that Plato and Aristotle alone account for nearly 10% of all references from authors in our dataset, suggesting that their influence may still be underestimated. As another example, we support the view that St. Thomas Aquinas served as a synthesizer between Aristotelian and Christian philosophy by analyzing the network structures of Aquinas, Aristotle, and Christian theologians. Our results are presented through an interactive visualization tool, allowing users to dynamically explore these networks, alongside a mathematical analysis of the network's structure. Our methodology demonstrates the value of applying network analysis with textual references to study a large collection of historical works.

Marcin Wysocki

Sprawozdanie z międzynarodowej konferencji naukowej From the Council of Nicaea to Vatican II: Professing the Faith, the Creeds, and the Church’ s Credibility, 31st International Theological Symposium, która odbyła się w dniach 16-17.10.2025 na Wydziale Teologicznym Uniwersytetu w Splicie, w Chorwacji.

P. Berger

Francesco Esposito, Mario Marietti, Grant T. Barkley et al.

We introduce the concepts of an amazing hypercube decomposition and a double shortcut for it, and use these new ideas to formulate a conjecture implying the Combinatorial Invariance Conjecture of the Kazhdan--Lusztig polynomials for the symmetric group. This conjecture has the advantage of being combinatorial in nature. The appendix by Grant T. Barkley and Christian Gaetz discusses the related notion of double hypercubes and proves an analogous conjecture for these in the case of co-elementary intervals.

Nils L. Johannsen, Lukas Grundmann

This document shall provide all knowledge gained in conjunction and preparation with the conducted measurements in the antenna measurement chamber of the Institute of Microwave and Wireless Systems (IMW) of the Leibniz University of Hannover (LUH). The measurements have been prepared and conducted by Lukas Grundmann, IMW, and Nils L. Johannsen, Chair of Information and Coding Theory (ICT) of the Christian- Albrechts-University (CAU) of Kiel. This minute shall allow a simpler understanding and quicker reapplication of the required calibrations and system setup for the measurements of further antennas.

Robabeh Ghasemi mobarakeh, Mohammad Mahdi Taghdisi, Seyedeh Fatemah Hosaini Mirsafy

The issue of Christians' belief in the divinity and goodness of Jesus (pbuh) - in the sense that they call this divine prophet God, the son of God, or the son of God - is one of the most important issues that commentators of the Holy Quran have tried to criticize. In this research, we intend to examine the evolution of the Qur'an commentators' opinions in addressing and criticizing this issue and show what changes have been made in the commentators' understanding of this historical concept. The results of the research show that the commentators of the early period only disproved this theory, and the commentators of the middle period, by emphasizing the explanation of the verses and without referring to the Christian religious sources, only limited themselves to the irrationality of this theory, but the commentators of the contemporary period, while carefully examining the sources of Christianity and talking with their scholars, they have tried to show the time and how to create this belief deviation in Christianity and express the reasons for its cancellation in a documented way.

Darrell Whitman

Moldova is a borderland, lying geographically between Slavic Russia and the modern, liberal states of the European Union. Historically, it took shape after the rise of a multicultural Ottoman Empire to its south and the disintegrating remains of the old Holy Roman Empire to its west. These influences remain, but long before modern history it was on the invasion path between Eastern and Western Eurasia, which itself was divided between Orthodox Christianity and Roman Catholicism. Centuries of wars and occupation left a deep ethnic mark on Moldova, consisting of Dacian, Tartar, Roman, Greek, Ottoman, Russian, Magyar, and Jewish cultures. They all left their mark on Moldovan national identity, which was acquired by accommodating a cultural mix that required negotiation and tolerance which remains part of the Moldovan national identity today. This article looks at the “national question” around the example of Moldova.

Gabriele Gionti S. J

A short phenomenological account of the genesis and evolution of the universe is presented with emphasis on the primordial phases as well as its physical composition, i.e. dark matter and dark energy. We discuss Einstein's theory of General Relativity and its consequences for the birth of modern relativistic astrophysics. We introduce the Big-Bang theory of Mons. Lemaitre as well as the competing theory of the Steady State Universe of Fred Hoyle. Since Big-Bang theory appeared quite in agreement with Christian doctrine of creation, Pope Pius XII delivered a message to the pontifical Academy of Sciences in 1951 claiming a certain agreement between the creation account in the book of Genesis and the Big-Bang theory (a concordist view), a position which he did not repeat later. On the other hand, Lemaitre always kept separate the scientific and theological planes as two parallel "lines" never intersecting, i.e., as two complementary "magisteria". Similar kind of tensions, between science and theology, emerge also today with the Hartle-Hawking solution to the Wheeler-DeWitt equation in quantum cosmology and its related speculations. To avoid some sort of confusion between theological and physics concepts, we, briefly, summarise the concept of creation in Christian theology.

Joesana Tjahjani, Sonya Sondakh

Bukit Kasih Kanonang (Kanonang Love Hill) is a place of worship for Christians of the Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi, one of the provinces of Indonesia, which in its development has also become a popular tourist destination. As a site that blends Christian elements, local traditional elements and values of tolerance among the world’s major religions namely Christianity, Islam, Buddhism and Hinduism, this beautiful piece of land includes a number of sites such as a monument to tolerance, a house of worship for each religion, a giant crucifix, statues, and the faces of Minahasan ancestors carved into cliff faces. All these elements suggest that while the people have values of tolerance and religious harmony, nonetheless the 55-meter giant white cross at Bukit Kasih Kanonang is evidence of the dominance of the local people’s Protestant Christian belief. Using the perspective of Hayden’s Antagonistic Tolerance, this paper investigates how people of other religions deal with the issue of dominance and how the social construct in the saying Torang Samua Basudara (we are all family), which has been the way of life of the Minahasan people, supports the concepts of tolerance and harmony.

Adrian Di Paolo, Maria Florencia Muratore, Alejandro Gangui

We study the Jesuit mission churches in America, which for almost two centuries were the most representative constructions in the process of Christian evangelisation on the continent until the expulsion of the Order in 1767. The main objective is to discern possible orientation patterns in the structures studied and to evaluate whether these orientations are related to the rising of the sun or other celestial bodies on the local horizon, as suggested by the texts of early Christian writers, which could provide important and novel information about their history and construction. Archaeoastronomical fieldwork has been carried out in the past in two large regions of South America: the historic provinces of Paraquaria and Chiquitanía (eastern present-day Bolivia). These data must now be interpreted within a broader cultural and geographical context. Thus, in order to obtain a more complete picture of religious architecture on the continent, it is necessary to analyse and compare the results with the orientation of Jesuit churches built in the 17th and 18th centuries in North America (viceroyalty of New Spain). We approached this project through the historical and cultural analysis of the former mission sites and by means of satellite imagery. In this paper we present some preliminary results we have reached.

Mikhail V. Volkov

Grammic monoids have recently been introduced by Christian Choffrut in terms of the action of the free monoid over a fixed ordered alphabet $X$ on the set of rows of Young tableaux filled with elements from $X$ via Schensted's insertion. For $X=\{a,b,c\}$ with $a<b<c$, Choffrut has identified the grammic monoid on $X$ with the quotient of the plactic monoid on $X$ over the congruence generated by the pair $(bacb,cbab)$. Since $cbab\ne bcab$ in the latter monoid, the quotient is proper. We show that, nevertheless, the plactic and the grammic monoids with three generators satisfy the same identities.

Imam Wicaksono

This study aims to reveal the symptoms, forms, and purposes of love of the characters in the novel Fi Qalbi Untsa ‘Ibriyyah, and how they behave when their love for fellow human beings is hindered by the boundaries of their religion (Judaism, Islam, and Christianity) thus resulting in conflict and opposition within the novel environment. This research is a literature study by analyzing Arabic literary works in the form of novels and used Erich Fromm's psychosocial approach to the concept of love. The novel Fi Qalbi Untsa 'Ibriyyah presents the characters who initially live in a peaceful atmosphere and love each other, then the love turned into conflict after their different religious identities are unveiled. The characters have two choices: either following their feelings of love for humanity regardless religious identity or leaving their love by reason of obeying religious boundaries as a form of love for God. Research becomes important when it is found that love that departs from feelings of personal liking without seeing social ties can actually lead to many conflicts when it comes to meeting religious identity and its boundaries. Penelitian bertujuan mengungkap gejala, bentuk, dan tujuan perasaan cinta tokoh-tokoh dalam novel Fi Qalbi Untsa ‘Ibriyyah, serta bagaimana mereka bersikap ketika perasaan cinta kepada sesama manusia terhalang oleh batasan agama yang mereka anut (Yahudi, Islam, dan Kristen) sehingga mengakibatkan konflik dan pertentangan di antara mereka. Penelitian ini berbentuk studi pustaka dengan melakukan analisis terhadap karya sastra Arab yang berbentuk novel serta menggunakan pendekatan psikososial Erich Fromm tentang konsep cinta, dimana Fromm berpandangan bahwa cinta merupakan solusi dari semua permasalahan manusia. Fi Qalbi Untsa ‘Ibriyyah menampilkan kehidupan para tokoh yang awalnya dalam suasana damai saling mencintai tanpa melihat identitas agama, tetapi kemudian cinta mereka berubah menjadi konflik setelah mengetahui perbedaan agama di antara mereka. Para tokoh memiliki dua pilihan, antara mengikuti perasaan cinta kepada manusia tanpa memandang identitas agama atau melepaskan rasa cinta tersebut dengan alasan menaati batasan agama sebagai wujud cinta kepada Tuhan. Penelitian menjadi penting ketika ditemukan fakta bahwa cinta yang berangkat dari perasaan suka kepada personal tanpa melihat ikatan sosial ternyata bisa melahirkan banyak konflik ketika bertemu dengan identitas agama beserta batasan-batasannya.

B. Meyer

Sholawati Sholawati

Islam has an essential role in the development of human civilization. As a relatively new religion, Islam has developed very rapidly for over 1500 years. Currently, Islam is recorded as the second-largest religion in the world after Christianity, with followers of more than 1.5 billion. Based on several official survey institutions, in 2025, it is predicted that Muslims will reach 30% of the earth’s population and become the largest religion in the world. Islam was born in the Arabian Peninsula and has spread throughout the world. Muslims can be found in almost all countries, including underdeveloped countries, developing countries, and developed countries. Even the United States, with the most substantial economic, political, and military power globally, is inseparable from Muslims in its development process. Edward E. Curtis, in his book Muslim Americans in The Military, mentioned various historical evidence showing Muslim participation in America. According to this Professor of Religion from the University of Indianapolis, Muslims had played a significant role, from discovering the Americas to defending the north’s victories in the United States Civil War.2 Also, he added that even though Christopher Columbus was the sailor who discovered America, that discovery would be impossible to happen without Muslims.

Joan Tahull Fort

Resumen En el estudio se presenta una descripción, análisis y reflexión sobre la evolución del atletismo popular en los últimos años en España. Se ha producido un aumento significativo del número de atletas y carreras oficiales organizadas. Este fenómeno se ha producido paralelamente en todos los países desarrollados. Para la realización de la investigación se ha utilizado bibliografía relevante y significativa, se han utilizado datos cuantitativos y se han realizado 15 entrevistas a atletas populares, los cuales han explicado su experiencia y motivaciones principales para correr. Con las aportaciones de los autores y atletas se presentan unas motivaciones diferentes y contrarias a las ideas de los ciudadanos desconocedores del atletismo. Para los atletas correr tiene beneficios físicos pero más significativos son el desarrollo mental e espiritual. Quizás el incremento de los atletas amateurs en los países desarrollados puede tener relación con el asentamiento de la Posmodernidad; se ha marginado la religión y quedado excluida a los espacios más privados del sujeto. Siendo el correr un calmante existencial. Palabras clave: Posmodernidad, espiritualidad, felicidad, atletismo y correr. Abstract The study presents a description, analysis and reflection on the evolution of popular athletics in recent years in Spain. There has been a significant increase in the number of athletes and organized official races. This phenomenon has occurred in parallel in all developed countries. Relevant and significant literature has been used to carry out the research, quantitative data have been used and 15 interviews with popular athletes have been conducted, who have explained their experience and main motivations for running. With the contributions of the authors and athletes are presented different motivations and contrary to the ideas of the citizens who do not know the athletics. For athletes running has physical benefits but more significant are mental and spiritual development. Perhaps the increase in amateur athletes in developed countries may be related to the settlement of postmodernity; religion has been marginalized and the most private spaces of the subject excluded. Being running an existential painkiller. Keywords: postmodernity, spirituality, happiness, athletics and running. Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4791-1704 Doi: https://doi.org/10.17398/2340-4256.15.651  

Johann Cigler

This (partly expository) paper originated from the study of Hankel determinants of convolution powers of Catalan numbers and of Narayana polynomials. This led to some Hankel determinants of signed Catalan numbers whose values are multiples of Fibonacci numbers and to some Hankel determinants of signed central binomial coefficients whose values are multiples of Lucas numbers. Most proofs are computational but we also include a combinatorial one due to Christian Krattenthaler. Finally we formulate some conjectures.

Ben Blum-Smith, Sophie Marques

We prove that the polynomial invariants of a permutation group are Cohen-Macaulay for any choice of coefficient field if and only if the group is generated by transpositions, double transpositions, and 3-cycles. This unites and generalizes several previously known results. The "if" direction of the argument uses Stanley-Reisner theory and a recent result of Christian Lange in orbifold theory. The "only-if" direction uses a local-global result based on a theorem of Raynaud to reduce the problem to an analysis of inertia groups, and a combinatorial argument to identify inertia groups that obstruct Cohen-Macaulayness.