Hasil untuk "America"

C. Mudde, Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser

Sang-Hyeok Gang

M. Altieri, V. Toledo

S. Hsiang

M. Fiorina, S. Abrams, J. Pope

Mary C. Waters

T. Atwater

E. Raymond, K. Hall

R. Bellah

WmxE some have argued that Christianity is the national faith, and others that church and synagogue celebrate only the generalized religion of "the American Way of life," few have reahzed that there actually exists alongside of and rather clearly differentiated from the churches an elaborate and weU-institutionalized civil religion in America. This article argues not only that there is such a thing, but also that this reUgion?or perhaps better, this religious dimen sion?has its own seriousness and integrity and requires the same care in understanding that any other reUgion does.1

J. Hunter

F. Pi‐Sunyer, L. Aronne, H. Heshmati et al.

Jeffrey A. Raffel, Christopher Jencks, Marshall S. Smith et al.

H. Gans

Eric I. Knudsen, James J. Heckman, Judy L. Cameron et al.

A growing proportion of the U.S. workforce will have been raised in disadvantaged environments that are associated with relatively high proportions of individuals with diminished cognitive and social skills. A cross-disciplinary examination of research in economics, developmental psychology, and neurobiology reveals a striking convergence on a set of common principles that account for the potent effects of early environment on the capacity for human skill development. Central to these principles are the findings that early experiences have a uniquely powerful influence on the development of cognitive and social skills and on brain architecture and neurochemistry, that both skill development and brain maturation are hierarchical processes in which higher level functions depend on, and build on, lower level functions, and that the capacity for change in the foundations of human skill development and neural circuitry is highest earlier in life and decreases over time. These findings lead to the conclusion that the most efficient strategy for strengthening the future workforce, both economically and neurobiologically, and improving its quality of life is to invest in the environments of disadvantaged children during the early childhood years.

H. Schuman, C. Steeh, Lawrence D. Bobo

K. Saltonstall

C. Riley, SmiCie GonjeCman, W. H. Edwards et al.

Yannis Karmim, Renato Pino, Hernan Contreras et al.

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit inequalities with respect to various cultural contexts. Most prominent open-weights models are trained on Global North data and show prejudicial behavior towards other cultures. Moreover, there is a notable lack of resources to detect biases in non-English languages, especially from Latin America (Latam), a continent containing various cultures, even though they share a common cultural ground. We propose to leverage the content of Wikipedia, the structure of the Wikidata knowledge graph, and expert knowledge from social science in order to create a dataset of question/answer (Q/As) pairs, based on the different popular and social cultures of various Latin American countries. We create the LatamQA database of over 26k questions and associated answers extracted from 26k Wikipedia articles, and transformed into multiple-choice questions (MCQ) in Spanish and Portuguese, in turn translated to English. We use this MCQ to quantify the degree of knowledge of various LLMs and find out (i) a discrepancy in performances between the Latam countries, ones being easier than others for the majority of the models, (ii) that the models perform better in their original language, and (iii) that Iberian Spanish culture is better known than Latam one.

América Y. Torres-Boy, Anoushka Ghosh, Myles B. T. Osenton et al.

We report on the control and characterization of the isomer population of ions inside superfluid helium nanodroplets, using two-color operation of a dual-oscillator infrared free-electron laser. The timing of both lasers is highly synchronized, and their frequencies (or "colors") can be tuned independently over a wide range. Interaction of the singly deuterated proton-bound dimer of dihydrogen phosphate and formate inside helium nanodroplets with both colors enables the control over its isomer population and the recording of - one-color hidden - infrared spectra of individual isomers.