Hasil untuk "Photography"

Kannan, G. Nalini

Snezana Lawrence

Chapter 15 provides a detailed analysis of the long weather record at the Radcliffe Observatory, Oxford for September. Averages and extremes of temperature, precipitation and sunshine are presented, with coverage relevant to the month or season including the incidence of snowfall, thunderstorms, gales and the like, illustrated by contemporary accounts and photography. Each chapter ends with a complete time series of the mean temperature, total precipitation and total sunshine for the month or season from the entire record, updated to 2018.

Camille Millerand, Émeline Zougbédé

This article looks at the production of strikes by undocumented workers, showing exactly what goes on behind the scenes. Based on the idea of a hybrid form of writing, the article is written by a photographer and a socio-anthropologist. On the one hand, the article describes how the journalistic work of photo-reporting and research requires long-term immersion, giving access to the power of the image and the wealth of empirical evidence. On the other hand, it examines how, through their mutual commitment, the two narrators participated in the making of these labour strikes. Showing in detail how, through this commitment, they were both privileged observers, but undoubtedly also actors, in the undocumented workers’ strikes, they take a reflexive look – both methodological and political – at their productions and practices, which led them in one way or another to produce protest iconographies of the undocumented workers’ strikes.

Se Jung Kim, Yoon Esther Lee, T. Makana Chock

Augmented Reality Smart Glasses (ARSGs) allow users to engage in picture-taking and video recording, as well as real-time storage and sharing of pictures and videos through cloud services. Unlike smartphones, newer ARSGs resemble ordinary sunglasses, allowing for unobtrusive recording. As these devices become available on an international market, it is important to understand how different cultural attitudes towards privacy and the recording and sharing of images of bystanders could impact the acceptance and adoption of ARSGs. South Korea and the United States have vastly different culturally based perceptions of photography and recording in public. S. Korea has cultural and legal restrictions in place, while the U.S.’s values of freedom of expression and individual rights are reflected in limited restrictions. Accordingly, drawing upon the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), this paper explored the impact of privacy concerns on key constructs of the TAM for U.S. and S. Korean participants. This paper examined how Americans’ (U.S. = 402) and S. Koreans’ (S. Korea = 898) perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitude toward using, and behavioral intention to use ARSGs were impacted by privacy concerns. The results of this study found that S. Korean respondents had significantly greater privacy concerns about using ARSGs than U.S. respondents. However, they also had significantly more positive attitudes and greater behavioral intentions to use ARSGs. Path analyses examining ARSGs’ acceptance revealed that privacy concerns impacted attitudes towards ARSGs, but that these had a greater impact on U.S. participants than on Koreans. The results highlight the importance of considering nuanced cultural perspectives, specifically privacy concerns, in examining the development and adoption of new technologies. Raw data and scripts for this study are available to ensure reproducibility.

Lauren Pankin

This article analyzes Charles Géniaux’s pioneering use of flash photography in his 1903 work, La vieille France qui s’en va, to construct an image of rural Brittany by illuminating the interiors of traditional Breton farms with the artificial light of the flash. Géniaux participates in a dual project: he aligns himself with the fin-de-siècle discourse lamenting the disappearance of rural traditions in the face of modernity and constructs a national history through the patrimonialization of the regional. By highlighting the furniture and customs presented as vestiges of a bygone past, Géniaux effaces and anonymizes contemporary Breton peasants, presenting them as unconscious guardians of a heritage they cannot fully appreciate. The article examines how Géniaux’s use of the flash, by prioritizing material heritage over the inhabitants, contributes to freezing a dynamic Breton culture and transforming it into a spectacle intended for urban audiences, thus anticipating its relegation to the past and its potential integration into private collections.

Maxine Bennek, Daniela Rudowitz, Martina Kerscher

Abstract Introduction Injections with botulinumtoxinA (BoNTA) are the most common nonsurgical aesthetic procedure but carry risks such as unintended muscle diffusion. Understanding formulation behavior is key to optimizing safety and efficacy. This study compares the diffusion characteristics from letibotulinumtoxinA (Leti-BoNTA) to onabotulinumtoxinA (Ona-BoNTA) and abobotulinumtoxinA (Abo-BoNTA) and its impact on muscle relaxation of frontalis muscle. Methods In a double-blind, randomized trial, 30 healthy adults received Leti-BoNTA on one forehead side and either Ona-BoNTA or Abo-BoNTA on the other. Anhidrosis was measured via Minor’s starch test over 6 months, and wrinkle severity was assessed using standardized photography and the Croma Scale. Results Leti-BoNTA had a significantly smaller maximal anhidrotic area than Ona-BoNTA (−15.1 ± 5.5 cm2, p < 0.001) and Abo-BoNTA (-25.2 ± 14.5 cm2, p < 0.001). An area under the curve (AUC) analysis confirmed the largest area of anhidrosis for Abo-BONTA over the 6-month period, followed by Ona-BONTA and Leti-BoNTA. Despite its lower diffusion, Leti-BoNTA effectively improved wrinkles, with ≥ 1-point improvement in 92% of subjects by week 2. Conclusions Leti-BoNTA provides wrinkle reduction with a more limited diffusion, as assessed with the Minor’s starch–iodine test. Its precise action in this trial implies to be a viable option when controlled spread is essential. Clinical Trial Registration The trial EU CT: 2024–511047-26–01 was registered on 23 March 2024.

A. A. Kobzev, A. G. Chibunichev

It is well-known that in order to obtain up-to-date spatial information of rapidly developing cities, aerial photography is carried out almost annually. This work is devoted to the joint aerial triangulation of aerial urban area photographs obtained at different times. The main problem of the joint aerial triangulation of different-time images is the process of tie points detection. In this paper it is proposed to search for tie points exclusively on the roofs of building since they are least susceptible to change over time. In order to do this, the roofs of buildings are highlighted on the original aerial photographs via the Unet neural network and then tie points are detected within these areas. The technology made it possible to improve the quality of aerial triangulation: remove photogrammetric gaps in the given block, increase the number of tie points, reduce the processing time by 25% without increasing computing requirements. This approach to the search for tie points made it possible to increase the efficiency of aerial triangulation not only when processing archival and current images together, but also when processing only the results of actual aerial photography.

Claudio Marra, Pasquale Fameli

Michael Chapman , Timothy Burke

This paper investigates the architecture of Wangi Power Station through a range of different modes of representation that document the decay, entropy, and obsolescence of industrial heritage. The paper discusses a series of drawing projects that use photography, drone photogrammetry, and analogue drawing practices to explore conditions of ruination, dereliction, and abandonment as a counternarrative to regimes of fixing, maintenance, and care. By positioning these documenting processes within a broader context of architectural drawing and its theory as a form of architectural knowledge, the paper explores the contemporary role of drawing in recording industrial decay and its history. The paper considers the discourse of modernism and industrialisation as having been underpinned by a dialectic of the obsolete machine and its advanced mechanistic representation, and examines the drawings of Wangi to propose an alternative reading of the twentieth century.

Marian Kiel, Stephanie D. Grabitz, Susanne Hopf et al.

Background/Objectives. The pupil regulates the incoming light to reduce glare and to achieve sufficient depth of field. Few is known on the distribution of pupil size and associated conditions in the general population. Therefore, for the first time in a large population-based study, we assess the distribution of physiologic pupil size and identify associated factors. Subjects/Methods. The Gutenberg Health Study (GHS) is a prospective cohort study established at the University Medical Center Mainz, Germany. As part of the 5-year follow-up (2012–2017), 9,559 of 12,432 participants had a valid pupil size measurement. Optical biometry (Lenstar LS900, Haag-Streit, Koeniz, Switzerland) including measurements of physical pupil diameter, central corneal thickness, corneal curvature, anterior chamber depth, and axial length was performed under mesopic light conditions. The associations of ocular geometry, the participants’ demographics, and their history of systemic diseases and medication intake with physical pupil size were assessed using multivariable linear regression models. Results. 18,335 eyes of 9,559 participants aged 40 to 80 years were included in the analysis. Median pupil diameter was 4.19 mm in right eyes and 4.12 mm in left eyes. A smaller pupil was associated with older age, hyperopic refractive error, previous cataract surgery, diabetes, obesity, and ACE inhibitor intake, whereas wider pupil was associated with female gender, arterial hypertension, intake of tricyclic antidepressants, and intake of SNRI and tetracyclic antidepressants. Socioeconomic status and smoking were not associated with pupil size. Conclusion. Individuals of older age, after cataract surgery, under therapy with ACE inhibitors and with diabetes have a smaller pupil. This should be taken into account when planning nonmydriatic fundus photography-based screening programs, for instance, for diabetic retinopathy.

Winfried Halle, Christian Fischer, Dieter Oertel et al.

The main objective of this paper was to demonstrate the capability of dedicated small satellite infrared sensors with cooled quantum detectors, such as those successfully utilized three times in Germany’s pioneering BIRD and FireBIRD small satellite infrared missions, in the quantitative characterization of high-temperature events such as wildfires. The Bi-spectral Infrared Detection (BIRD) mission was launched in October 2001. The space segment of FireBIRD consists of the small satellites Technologie Erprobungs-Träger (TET-1), launched in July 2012, and Bi-spectral InfraRed Optical System (BIROS), launched in June 2016. These missions also significantly improved the scientific understanding of space-borne fire monitoring with regard to climate change. The selected examples compare the evaluation of quantitative characteristics using data from BIRD or FireBIRD and from the operational polar orbiting IR sensor systems MODIS, SLSTR and VIIRS. Data from the geostationary satellite “Himawari-8” were compared with FireBIRD data, obtained simultaneously. The geostationary Meteosat Third Generation-Imager (MTG-I) is foreseen to be launched at the end of 2022. In its application to fire, the MTG-I’s Flexible Combined Imager (FCI) will provide related spectral bands at ground sampling distances (GSD) of 3.8 µm and 10.5 µm at the sub-satellite point (SSP) of 1 km or 2 km, depending on the used FCI imaging mode. BIRD wildfire data, obtained over Africa and Portugal, were used to simulate the fire detection and monitoring capability of MTG-I/FCI. A new quality of fire monitoring is predicted, if the 1 km resolution wildfire data from MTG-1/FCI are used together with the co-located fire data acquired by the polar orbiting Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), and possibly prospective FireBIRD-type compact IR sensors flying on several small satellites in various low Earth orbits (LEOs).

Mat Yunoh Siti-Munirah, Nikong Dome, Chris J. Thorogood

We describe an extraordinary new species in the genus Thismia from the Terengganu State of Malaysia in the Malay Peninsula. The new species, which we name Thismia sitimeriamiae, is distinct from all other Thismia species known to science, most notably in its unique mitre configuration formed by the inner tepals and its floral surface morphology characterised by conspicuous orange trichomes. We discuss our findings in the context of underestimated species diversity in the genus Thismia and implications for their conservation. We recommend assigning T. sitimeriamiae the conservation status as Critically Endangered (CR) according to IUCN criteria.

Huy D. Le, Tuyen Ngoc Le, Jing-Wein Wang et al.

In video processing, background initialization aims to obtain a scene without foreground objects. Recently, the background initialization problem has attracted the attention of researchers because of its real-world applications, such as video segmentation, computational photography, video surveillance, etc. However, the background initialization problem is still challenging because of the complex variations in illumination, intermittent motion, camera jitter, shadow, etc. This paper proposes a novel and effective background initialization method using singular spectrum analysis. Firstly, we extract the video’s color frames and split them into RGB color channels. Next, RGB color channels of the video are saved as color channel spatio-temporal data. After decomposing the color channel spatio-temporal data by singular spectrum analysis, we obtain the stable and dynamic components using different eigentriple groups. Our study indicates that the stable component contains a background image and the dynamic component includes the foreground image. Finally, the color background image is reconstructed by merging RGB color channel images obtained by reshaping the stable component data. Experimental results on the public scene background initialization databases show that our proposed method achieves a good color background image compared with state-of-the-art methods.

Rasha Akram Mousa

The current research addressed (the manifestations of selfhood and otherness in Indian schools of photography) through studying the concept of selfhood and otherness and their manifestations in Indian miniatures scenes for the period (1625-1790). The researcher, in the first chapter, sought to clarify the research problem, importance, and the need for it, in addition to the objective of the study represented by the following: "how did selfhood and otherness manifest in the Indian schools of photography?". The researcher, then, concluded the aforementioned chapter by defining the terms that have direct relation to the title and the objectives of the research. As for the second chapter, it consists of an overview for the theoretical framework and the indicators. Thus it consists of two sections, the first section addresses the concepts of the selfhood and otherness. The second section addresses the technical characteristics of the Indian schools of photography. The third chapter is dedicated to observing the research community and the tool which included gathering the information. An intentionally chosen sample has been used consisting of (4) photographic works that covered the research limitations by adopting the analytic descriptive approach in order to analyze it according to the axes of the analysis tool adopted by the researcher. As for the fourth chapter, it included the results of the research including: The Indian photographs addressed the concept of selfhood and achieving it with the presence of the other in another way not limited to the real objective reality, but rather in the subconscious and dreams, that what a person feels and thinks about in his subconscious of buried wishes might be manifested through the dreams to reinforce the achievement of the selfhood with the presence of the otherness, as in the model (2) of the sample. Then the conclusions, through which the possibility of achieving the research objectives by the tool designed by the researcher, including: Selfhood and otherness have manifested in the photographic works of the Indian school of photography, through the expression of what realizes the self through the other in varying proportions, that selfhood was not absolutely represented and neither was the otherness. Then come the recommendations, suggestions and a list of references and appendices

Joanna Pigulak

The paper aims to outline features of video games’ sounds. In order to do that, the author presents the main thesis of ludomusicology and a theory of film music. The first part of the paper deals with a brief introduction concerning the characteristic of two important aspects of video games’ sounds: reactive and anticipating sounds. In the second part of the paper, the author explores the issue of facultative dialogues and adaptive sounds, as well as diegetic and non-diegetic sources of sound. The author examines the hypothesis that using sounds in video games determines gameplay and impacts players immersion.

J. Craik

Angelo Marcelli, Giuseppe De Gregorio, Adolfo Santoro

This paper proposes a performance model for estimating the user time needed to transcribe small collections of handwritten documents using a keyword spotting system (KWS) that provides a number of possible transcriptions for each word image. The model assumes that only information obtained from a small training set is available, and establishes the constraints on the performance measures to achieve a reduction of the time for transcribing the content with respect to the time required by human experts. The model is complemented with a procedure for computing the parameters of the model and eventually estimating the improvement of the time to achieve a complete and error-free transcription of the documents.

ZOU Dong-hua , WANG Jin-ming, CHEN Yi-jiu, et al.

Objective To evaluate the influence of factors such as the selection of equipment, focal length and the selection of reconstruction quality in the reconstruction software on the reconstruction results of single camera photogrammetry and provide reference for the forensic application of single camera photogrammetry. Methods The 19 skulls were measured by traditional measurement method and single camera photogrammetry. The differences between the two measurement methods and within the group with same equipment but different focal length were analyzed. One skull and one corpse were selected as the research objects. According to the reconstruction quality selection conditions in the photogram metric software, the experimental group was divided into five grades. The model reconstructed by optical scanner was defined as reference model, while the model reconstructed by single camera photogrammetry was defined as test model. The test model was aligned with the reference model, 3D deviation analysis was carried out and the mean error and root mean square （RMS） values were calculated. Results The differences between EOS 7D zoom group and traditional measurement, and within the group with same equipment had statistical significance （P&lt;0.05）. The mean error value and minimum RMS value of the skull reconstructed by single camera photogrammetry and the three-dimensional model of the corpse existed in the medium quality group, and the trend was basically the same. Conclusion The equipment and focal length has no obvious influence on the results of single camera photogrammetry. Lower reconstruction quality can easily cause distortion, while higher reconstruction quality can easily generate noise, so medium quality is preferred.

R. Casanova, Santiago Saldana, E. Chew et al.

Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of blindness in the United States and world-wide. DR is a silent disease that may go unnoticed until it is too late for effective treatment. Therefore, early detection could improve the chances of therapeutic interventions that would alleviate its effects. Methodology Graded fundus photography and systemic data from 3443 ACCORD-Eye Study participants were used to estimate Random Forest (RF) and logistic regression classifiers. We studied the impact of sample size on classifier performance and the possibility of using RF generated class conditional probabilities as metrics describing DR risk. RF measures of variable importance are used to detect factors that affect classification performance. Principal Findings Both types of data were informative when discriminating participants with or without DR. RF based models produced much higher classification accuracy than those based on logistic regression. Combining both types of data did not increase accuracy but did increase statistical discrimination of healthy participants who subsequently did or did not have DR events during four years of follow-up. RF variable importance criteria revealed that microaneurysms counts in both eyes seemed to play the most important role in discrimination among the graded fundus variables, while the number of medicines and diabetes duration were the most relevant among the systemic variables. Conclusions and Significance We have introduced RF methods to DR classification analyses based on fundus photography data. In addition, we propose an approach to DR risk assessment based on metrics derived from graded fundus photography and systemic data. Our results suggest that RF methods could be a valuable tool to diagnose DR diagnosis and evaluate its progression.

Juzer Miyajiwala, M. Kheur, Anuya H Patankar et al.

Aim: This study aimed to compare three different methods used for shade selection, i.e., visual method, spectrophotometer, and digital photography method. Materials and Methods: Fifty participants were selected from the Out Patient Department of Prosthodontics. Presence of the maxillary right central incisor with no history of any restorative or endodontic procedures was the primary inclusion criterion. The shade of the right maxillary central incisor was determined using all the three shade selection procedures, namely, visual, spectrophotometric, and digital photography method for all the selected participants. The shades obtained in the visual method using a shade guide were noted down for further comparisons. The spectrophotometer reported the L*, a*, and b* values along with the actual shade whereas the digital photography method reported only the L*, a*, and b* values. The agreement between the readings obtained by the three different methods was compared and subjected to appropriate statistical analysis. Results: The results showed that when the three methods studied were compared, there was a statistically significant proportion of agreement between spectrophotometric and visual method (P < 0.01) with higher proportion of “yes” (agreement) and between the spectrophotometric and digital photography method (P < 0.01) with higher proportion of “yes” (agreement). Coefficient of agreement (using Kappa coefficient) between spectrophotometric and visual shades revealed a fair agreement. The mean ΔE was 1.69. There was a statistically significant difference between the proportion of ΔE more than and <2, between spectrophotometric and digital photography methods (P < 0.01) with higher proportion of <2 ΔE. Furthermore, percentage of agreement between shades obtained by the visual and spectrophotometric method showed maximum agreement with A1 shade. Conclusion: It was concluded that the digital photography method emerged as a reliable method for shade selection in a clinical setup.