Hasil untuk "Norwegian literature"

Konstantinos E. Kampourakis, Vasileios Gkioulos, Sokratis Katsikas

Digital Twins (DTs) are increasingly recognized as a strategic technology for enhancing cybersecurity in industrial environments, particularly in the face of rising threats targeting Operational Technology (OT). After comparatively examining closely related DT–cybersecurity frameworks to position the contribution within the existing research landscape, this paper presents a systematic literature review and comparative analysis of 19 recent DT-based cybersecurity studies, focusing on their relevance to incident detection and response in sectors such as Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), manufacturing, and energy. The analysis evaluates each study across multiple dimensions, including attack types, detection and response mechanisms, DT integration, and technology stacks. From this review, we derive a consolidated set of requirements, categorized as functional, non-functional, security-specific, and domain-specific. These requirements serve as the foundation for a novel, cybersecurity-focused, ISO 23247-based framework. The proposed architecture formalizes a DT-enabled incident detection and response lifecycle aligned with ISO 23247. It is explicitly mapped to the derived requirements and detailed with practical implementation considerations. This work contributes a structured, evidence-based approach to DT-based security engineering and offers a reference design for researchers and practitioners aiming to build resilient, adaptive cybersecurity solutions in industrial settings.

Sidratul Muntaha Uzma, A. M. M Mahmudul Hasan, Dr. Md. Abdur Rouf Rouf

Against the backdrop of 1960s Japan, Haruki Murakami's novel Norwegian Wood examines the complex dynamics of broken relationships, emotional alienation, and existential crises. This article focuses at how the protagonists in the novel—Toru Watanabe, Naoko, Midori, Reiko, Nagasawa and Hatsumi manage their relationships while confronting personal traumas, identity crises, and meaning seeking in a shattered society. Inspired by existentialist notions from Jean-Paul Sartre, Søren Kierkegaard, Zygmunt Bauman, Albert Camus, and Simone de Beauvoir, this research looks at issues of loneliness, bereavement, ambiguous morality, and emotional paralysis. The study stresses Murakami's use of fractured narrative and retroactive storytelling to show the intricacy of human connection by way of a qualitative literary analysis including textual and character development analysis. Fundamentally, Norwegian Wood presents a remarkable commentary on the existential dilemmas of modern living, in which humans strive between desire and detachment, commitment and freedom, past and present, in an uncaring world.

Mette Kaasgaard

Shao-Fang Wen, Ankur Shukla, Basel Katt

Abstract System Security Assurance (SSA) has emerged as a critical methodology for organizations to verify the trustworthiness of their systems by evaluating security measures against industry standards, legal requirements, and best practices to identify any weakness and demonstrate compliance. In recent years, the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in enhancing cybersecurity has received increased attention, with an increasing number of literature reviews highlighting its diverse applications. However, there remains a significant gap in comprehensive reviews that specifically address the integration of AI within SSA frameworks. This systematic literature review seeks to fill this research gap by assessing the current state of AI in SSA, identifying key areas where AI contributes to improve SSA processes, highlighting the limitations of current methodologies, and providing the guidance for future advancements in the field of AI-driven SSA.

Anders Skare Malvik

Hva slags Jamaica er det Amalie Skram presenterer for oss i romanen To venner (1887), og hvordan skal dagens lesere fortolke denne stedsfremstillingen på en bevisst og tekstkritisk måte? Artikkelen viser at romanens fremstilling av Jamaica i dag kan leses som ironisk imperialismekritikk, samtidig som den i 1887 kan ha bidratt til en stereotypisk diskurs om landet og dets befolkning.

Ariana Polyviou, Ilias O. Pappas

AbstractMetaverses refer to immersive virtual worlds in which people, places, and things of the physical world are represented by their digital representations. The wide adoption of metaverses is expected to widely disrupt the way we interact in the virtual world by elevating our online interactive experiences and bringing a plethora of implications for businesses. Following a structured literature review of related research published in the last decade, we shed light on our current understanding of metaverses and reflect on the potentially transformative value of metaverses for businesses in the near future. We draw on an established research framework to organize the insights of existing literature across different levels of analysis and activities’ purpose. Through this analysis, we reveal eight propositions on the changes brought by the use of metaverses and identify a number of open questions which could serve as future research avenues.

Kristian Espeland, Andrius Kleinauskas, Petras Juzenas et al.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) which is the precursor of the photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) is an available treatment for several diseases. ALA-PDT induces the apoptosis and necrosis of target lesions. We have recently reported the effects of ALA-PDT on cytokines and exosomes of human healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). This study has investigated the ALA-PDT-mediated effects on PBMC subsets from patients with active Crohn’s disease (CD). No effects on lymphocyte survival after ALA-PDT were observed, although the survival of CD3−/CD19+ B-cells seemed slightly reduced in some samples. Interestingly, ALA-PDT clearly killed monocytes. The subcellular levels of cytokines and exosomes associated with inflammation were widely downregulated, which is consistent with our previous findings in PBMCs from healthy human subjects. These results suggest that ALA-PDT may be a potential treatment candidate for CD and other immune-mediated diseases.

Sanda TOMESCU BACIU, Roxana-Ema DREVE

Interviewing Jon Fosse in October 2023 was a great honour for the Norwegian Academic Environment at Babeș-Bolyai University, where students in the Norwegian Language and Literature Bachelor’s Programme study Jon Fosse’s work in the Literary translation and Short fiction courses. In 2018 the Department of Norwegian Language and Literature Studies in Cluj celebrated the PhD defence of a thesis entitled Jon Fosse and the New Theatre, by Anamaria Babiaș-Ciobanu, supervised by Professor Sanda Tomescu Baciu, founder of the Norwegian Language and Literature BA studies at Babeș-Bolyai University in 1991. As part of her PhD thesis, the candidate had the privilege to interview Jon Fosse and to publish the translation of the play Skuggar [Umbre, 2015] into Romanian, with the support of Norwegian Literature Abroad in the Nordica collection of Casa Cărții de Știință Publishing House. 

Cristina Ioana ARDELEAN

Published in 2021 by Presa Universitară Clujeană, ”A Lifetime Dedicated to Norwegian Language and Literature” is a celebratory scholarly work compiled and edited by the members of the Department of Scandinavian Languages and Literature at the Faculty of Letters in Cluj-Napoca, Romania, in honour of Professor Sanda Tomescu Baciu, founder of The Norwegian Language and Literature BA program (1991), of the Department of Scandinavian Languages and Literature (2001) and disseminator of Norwegian culture, language and li-terature for over thirty years. Throughout her entire career, Professor Sanda Tomescu Baciu has never ceased to raise interest in Norwegian studies, and strive to offer her students the best academic resources, a warm and welcoming learning environment and also countless scholarship opportunities. Her contribution to the popularization and the increasing fascination with the North is immeasurably valuable to the academic community, not only in Romania, but also internationally. Her colleagues and editors of this volume have carefully selected and arranged a collection of congratulatory messages and academic essays from various fields encompassed in the Scandinavian studies.

Kate Maxwell

In A Woman in the Polar Night (Eine Frau erlebt die Polarnacht, 1938), Christiane Ritter, a well-to-do Austrian housewife, describes her experience as the first central European woman to overwinter on Svalbard (1934–35). Ritter’s prose is extraordinary in its lyrical simplicity, and in German editions the text is interspersed with her paintings of the scenes that at first were so alien and changing, yet became so familiar and loved. Although stationed on the north coast of Svalbard with minimal human contact and without any recourse to the music with which Ritter had been surrounded in Austria, A Woman in the Polar Night is a text that is full of references to sound, natural sounds that are heightened by the absence of human music. This article offers a multimodal reading of Ritter’s depictions of the soundscapes of Svalbard in her memoir and shows how, 30 years before John Cage made the art world do it for 4 minutes and 33 seconds, Christiane Ritter spent 12 months listening to silence, and responding to it in words and paintings. In addition, the paper will also consider the silence of the text: what is not presented, but left to the reader’s imagination.

Anna-Lena Østern, Renata Svedlin , Gunnar Engvik

Syftet med denna artikel är att undersöka hur strävanden att professionalisera handledning i lärarutbildning i Norge och Finland genomförts och har resulterat i två olika partnerskapsmodeller. Fokus är i denna artikel på handledning av undervisnings-praktik. Artikeln handlar dels om den historiska framväxten av undervisningspraktik och -handledning av lärarstuderande inom lärarutbildning, dels om två exempel på pågående utvecklingsarbete inom området handledning i lärarstuderandes under-visningspraktik. I en jämförande uppställning lyfter författarna fram avgörande brytningspunkter i utvecklingen av praktik med åtföljande handledning inom lärar-utbildningen i Norge, respektive Finland. Med stöd av ett empiriskt material som synliggör hur idag verksamma handledare resonerar om kännetecken för professionell handledning, för författarna en diskussion om rådande utvecklingslinjer i Norge, med en kontrasterande jämförelse med utvecklingen i Finland. Analyserna är genomförda, dels som historisk analys (baserad på litteratur om ämnet), dels som tematisk narrativ analys av ett empiriskt material om handledning producerat som uppgift under en fortbildning i Norge respektive inom ramen för en samling med övningsskollärare i Finland. Övningsskolan i Finland har genomgått transformation, från att tidvis ha varit hårt kritiserad som konservativ och obenägen till förnyelse, samt för ojämförligt goda resurser, till att i dagsläget ha en styrkt plats som centrum för pedagogisk innovation, forskning och handledning. Den norska universitetsskolan är ung, men har likheter med dagens finska övningsskola rörande pedagogisk innovation, forskning och handledning. I dagens läge kan vi notera att professionaliseringssträvande knutna till handledning av lärarstuderande är dels uppifrån styrda, dels utvecklade inifrån professionen. Nyckelord: professionalisering, handledning, övningsskola, universitetsskola, lärarutbildning Partnership within teacher education in Norway and Finland: historical prerequisites for and practice teachers’ understanding of professional supervision Abstract The aim of this article is to explore how attempts to professionalise supervision in teacher education in Norway and Finland have been carried out and have resulted in two different partnership models. The focus of this article is on the supervision of future teachers’ teaching practice. The article partly comprises the historical emergence of teaching practice and its supervision. It contains two examples of ongoing developmental work within the field of supervision of future teachers’ teaching practice. In juxtaposition, the authors highlight decisive turning points in the development of practice and supervision in teacher education in Norway and Finland, respectively. Based on empirical material which makes visible how supervisors currently reason around the characteristics of professional supervision, the authors discuss the predominant developmental lines in Norway, with a contrasting comparison with those in Finland. The analyses are carried out partly as historical analyses (based on literature about the subject), and partly as thematic narrative analyses of empirical material about supervision which was produced as a task during a continuous education course in Norway, and respectively in Finland within the frames of a seminar for teachers at a teacher education practice school. The practice school in Finland has undergone a transformation, from a time of being strongly criticised as conservative and not willing to renew itself, as well as of having incomparably rich resources, to the current situation, where it now has a strengthened position as a centre for pedagogical innovation, research and supervision. The Norwegian university school is young but has similarities with the Finnish practice school of today concerning pedagogical innovation, research and supervision. For the time being, we may note that the attempts to professionalise supervision are partly decided from outside, and partly developed from inside the profession. Keywords: professionalisation, supervision, practice school, university school, teacher education

Nadia Mensali, Amalie Grenov, Niladri Bhusan Pati et al.

Christian Beyer

Double-page header with selected monster quotes from all contributions of Section 4.

Julie Andrea Benavides Melo, Ximena Andrea Cerón Bastidas

La población vulnerable se considera como un grupo de personas en estado de desprotección y exclusión, donde las inequidades por diferencias socioeconómicas, culturales y de estilo de vida, en conjunto con el sexo, la raza, la edad y la susceptibilidad genética, incrementan el riesgo de desarrollar enfermedades orales y amenazan la salud general. Los estilos de vida reflejan las conductas de las personas y representan un factor protector o de riesgo, además, el alto consumo de carbohidratos y el nivel de cortisol y de minerales como el fósforo y el calcio en saliva, intervienen notablemente en la presencia de caries, convirtiéndose en un indicador de las condiciones de salud oral de la población. Los niños son los más vulnerables, especialmente si pertenecen a familias de bajos recursos, con escaso uso de los servicios de salud, desconocimiento de las medidas de prevención y donde la salud oral no es una prioridad. Referencias Abadía, C. (2006). 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Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias. Mannaa, A., Carlén, A. y Lingstrom, P. (2013). Dental caries and associated factors in mothers and their preschool and school children - A cross-sectional study. JDS, 8(2), 101-108. Medina-Solis, C., Maupome, G., Pelcastre-Villafuerte, B., Avila-Burgos, L., Vallejos-Sanchez, A. y Casanova-Rosado, A. (2006). Socioeconomic inequalities in oral health: dental caries in 6 to 12 year-old children. Rev Invest Clin, 58(4), 296-304. Milgrom, P., Weinstein, P. y Coldwell, S. (2009). Malnutrition as an aetiological factor in dental caries disparity. In M. Wilson (Ed.), Food constituents and oral health (pp. 381-395). Ministerio de Educación Nacional (MEN). (s.f.). Población vulnerable. Recuperado de http://www.mineducacion.gov.co/cvn/1665/article-82770.html Mobley, C., Marshall, T., Milgrom, P. y Coldwell, S. (2009). The contribution of dietary factors to dental caries and disparities in caries. Acad Pediatr, 9(6), 410-414. Mora, L. y Martínez, J. (2000). Prevalencia de caries y factores asociados en niños de 2-5 años de los Centros de Salud Almanjáyar y Cartuja de Granada capital. Aten Primaria, 26(6), 398-404. Nakamura, S. (2014). Parental income and child health in Japan. J Japanese Int Economies, 32, 42-55. Navas, P., Rojas, T., Zambrano, O., Ãlvarez, C., Santana, Y. y Vierna, N. (2002). Salud bucal en preescolares: su relación con las actitudes y nivel educativo de los padres. INCI, 27(11), 631-634. Ng, M. y Chase, I. (2013). Early childhood caries: risk-based disease prevention and management. Dent Clin North Am, 57(1), 1-16. Nishimura, M., Rodis, M., Matsumura, S. y Matsumoto-Nakano, M. (2012). Influences of diet on caries activities and caries-risk grouping in children, and changes in parenting behavior. PDJ, 22(2), 117-124. Nowak, A. (2011). Paradigm shift: Infant oral health care--primary prevention. J Dent, 39 Suppl 2, S49-55. Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). (2012). Campaña del día mundial de la salud. 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J Dent Res, 86(5), 400-409. Poulton, R., Caspi, A., Milne, B., Thomson, W., Taylor, A., Sears, M. y Moffitt, T. (2002). Association between children’s experience of socioeconomic disadvantage and adult health: a life-course study. Lancet, 360(9346), 1640-1645. Rebolledo, M. y Carmona, Z. (2014). Estado de salud bucal en reclusas de un centro penitenciario del Atlántico. RCIO, 4(11), 1-7. Rengifo-Reina, H. y Corchuelo-Ojeda, J. (2009). [Inequalities in oral health services in Cali, Colombia]. Rev Salud Publica (Bogota), 11(4), 526-537. Saimbi, C., Kaushal, S., Khan, M. y Kumar, A. (2010). Prevalence of caries in rural area children. JPFA, 24, 62-66. Salas, A., Cerón, X., Cadena, A. y Mosquera, C. (2012). Historia de caries en población escolarizada de 5 y 12 años en el corregimiento de Genoy municipio de Pasto - 2008. RCIO, 3(7), 1-9. Saxena, V. y Saxena, S. (2011). Prevalence of dental caries among children of SOS children’s village. JPFA, 25, 159-162. Shaw, M., Lawlor, D. y Najman, J. (2006). Teenage children of teenage mothers: psychological, behavioural and health outcomes from an Australian prospective longitudinal study. Soc Sci Med, 62(10), 2526-2539. Soncini, J., Kanasi, E., Lu, S., Nunn, M., Henshaw, M. y Tanner, A. (2010). Oral microbiota of children in a school-based dental clinic. Anaerobe, 16(3), 278-282. Wendell, S., Wang, X., Brown, M., Cooper, M., DeSensi, R., Weyant, R., ... Marazita, M. (2010). Taste genes associated with dental caries. J Dent Res, 89(11), 1198-1202. Wigen, T. y Wang, N. (2012). Parental influences on dental caries development in preschool children. An overview with emphasis on recent Norwegian research. Norsk Epidemiologi, 22(1), 13-19. Woan, J., Lin, J. y Auerswald, C. (2013). The health status of street children and youth in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review of the literature. J Adolesc Health, 53(3), 314-321 e312.

Svenn-Erik Mamelund, Clare Shelley-Egan, Ole Rogeberg

Abstract Background Pandemic mortality rates in 1918 and in 2009 were highest among those with the lowest socioeconomic status (SES). Despite this, low SES groups are not included in the list of groups prioritized for pandemic vaccination, and the ambition to reduce social inequality in health does not feature in international and national pandemic preparedness plans. We describe plans for a systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between SES and pandemic outcomes during the last five pandemics. Method The planned review will cover studies of pandemic influenza that report associations between morbidity, hospitalization, or mortality with socioeconomic factors such as education and income. The review will include published studies in the English, Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish languages, regardless of geographical location. Relevant records were identified through systematic literature searches in MEDLINE, Embase, Cinahl, SocIndex, Scopus, and Web of Science. Reference lists of relevant known studies will be screened and experts in the field consulted in order to identify other additional sources. Two investigators will independently screen and select studies, and discrepancies will be resolved through discussion until consensus is reached. Covidence will be used. Results will be summarized narratively and using three meta-analytic strategies: coefficients expressing the difference between the highest and lowest socioeconomic groups reported will be pooled using (a) fixed and random effects meta-analysis where studies involve similar outcome and exposure measures and (b) meta-regression where studies involve similar outcome measures. In addition, we will attempt to use all reported estimates for SES differences in (c) a Bayesian meta-analysis to estimate the underlying SES gradient and how it differs by outcome and exposure measure. Discussion This study will provide the first systematic review of research on the relation between SES and pandemic outcomes. The findings will be relevant for health policy in helping to assess whether people of low socioeconomic status should be prioritized for vaccines in preparedness plans for pandemic influenza. The review will also contribute to the research literature by providing pooled estimates of effect sizes as inputs into power calculations of future studies. Systematic review registration PROSPERO 87922

P. Gilroy, Tony Sandset, S. Bangstad et al.

ABSTRACT Described as one of the most intellectually formidable cultural and social theorists of our time, Paul Gilroy has reshaped debates on racism, nationalism and multiculturalism. In April 2018, Prof. Paul Gilroy returned to Norway for the first time in over a decade for a series of public and academic events in Oslo and Bergen. Gilroy appeared at events held at the Houses of Literature in Oslo and Bergen, and the Universities of Oslo and Bergen, which took place between the 17th and 20th of April 2018 and marked the 25th anniversary of the publication of Gilroy’s seminal work for which he is arguably best known, his 1993 classic The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Consciousness [Harvard University Press]. This article is a transcript of a conversation held at the House of Literature in Oslo on the 17th of April 2018 between Professor Paul Gilroy (King's College London, UK) and Associate Researcher Sindre Bangstad (KIFO, Norway). It has been annotated for clarifications and contextualization in an effort to bring this conversation in line with Professor Gilroy’s work, legacy and thoughts on the current historical moment, in light of his own intellectual labour. As such this interview illuminates some of the ways in which Paul Gilroy offers a diagnosis of the contemporary political climate while also accounting for this moment in relationship to his own work throughout the years on the interconnectedness of race, racism, and nationalism.

T. Bohlin, S. Hamrin, T. G. Heggberget et al.

Mona Haugum, H. Iversen, Oyvind Bjertnaes et al.

BackgroundPatient experiences are an important aspect of health care quality, but there is a lack of validated instruments for their measurement in the substance dependence literature. A new questionnaire to measure inpatients’ experiences of interdisciplinary treatment for substance dependence has been developed in Norway. The aim of this study was to psychometrically test the new questionnaire, using data from a national survey in 2013.MethodsThe questionnaire was developed based on a literature review, qualitative interviews with patients, expert group discussions and pretesting. Data were collected in a national survey covering all residential facilities with inpatients in treatment for substance dependence in 2013. Data quality and psychometric properties were assessed, including ceiling effects, item missing, exploratory factor analysis, and tests of internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability and construct validity.ResultsThe sample included 978 inpatients present at 98 residential institutions. After correcting for excluded patients (n = 175), the response rate was 91.4%. 28 out of 33 items had less than 20.5% of missing data or replies in the “not applicable” category. All but one item met the ceiling effect criterion of less than 50.0% of the responses in the most favorable category. Exploratory factor analysis resulted in three scales: “treatment and personnel”, “milieu” and “outcome”. All scales showed satisfactory internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s alpha ranged from 0.75-0.91) and test-retest reliability (ICC ranged from 0.82-0.85). 17 of 18 significant associations between single variables and the scales supported construct validity of the PEQ-ITSD.ConclusionThe content validity of the PEQ-ITSD was secured by a literature review, consultations with an expert group and qualitative interviews with patients. The PEQ-ITSD was used in a national survey in Norway in 2013 and psychometric testing showed that the instrument had satisfactory internal consistency reliability and construct validity.

S. Nevalainen

The literature on the most prominent forest damage related to even-aged and uneven-aged forest management regimes was reviewed. A questionnaire to expert researchers was conducted to estimate risks in even-aged and uneven-aged forest management chains in Finland. There are only a few empirical comparisons of damage risks in evenand uneven-aged stands in the literature. The results from the expert survey showed that the damage risks were higher in even-aged management in Norway spruce and Scots pine. However, the variation in the risks between individual chains and between individual causes was high. The highest risks in Scots pine were caused by moose (in even-aged chains) and harvesting damage (in uneven-aged chains). In Norway spruce, root rot caused the highest risks in both even-aged and uneven-aged chains. The higher risks in even-aged forestry are largely due to the many associated practices which favour various types of damage. However, there are some important exceptions: the damage risks may be higher in some uneven-aged stands, especially in Norway spruce stands infected with root rot where the utilization of undergrowth or natural regeneration can be risky. Moreover, the repeated thinnings in uneven-aged stands may lead to increased mechanical damage.

Terese Blakeslee, W. Eboh, K. Monsen et al.

This systematic literature review explores the role of school nurses n helping children being bullied in three countries, Norway, Scotland and the United States (US). Comparisons were made of the way school nurses were trained and employed to better understand how this reflects their roles and responsibilities within the context of bullying among school children. Different systems used to support children affected by bullying were explored and examples of good practice shared. The challenges faced by school nurses due to their limited numbers compared to pupils they support was a common phenomenon in all three countries. This in itself challenges school nurses to explore more creative ways of working to ensure that the needs of school children are being met. Recommendations were made on possible cross-cultural research that can explore existing best practice creating a community of learning. This systematic literature review could provide a starting point for futurecollaborations in this field.