Recent cosmological data and astrophysical observations, such as the Hubble tension and the increasing preference from galaxy surveys for dynamical dark energy, have begun to challenge the standard $Λ$-cold dark matter cosmological model. Primordial magnetic fields (PMFs) offer a mechanism to alleviate these tensions within the framework of the standard model. These fields source excess small-scale baryon clumping, which can speed up recombination and shrink the comoving sound horizon at the surface of last scattering. Computing the modified recombination history requires coupling the radiative transport of Lyman-$α$ photons to compressible magnetohydronamic simulations. Since doing so is generically computationally intractable, we have developed a linearized treatment which self-consistently computes the modified recombination history in the presence of PMF induced baryon clumping for fields with red-tilted spectra. The clumping factors we find are too small to alleviate outstanding cosmological tensions, but our general framework can be applied to other PMF spectra, and provides a significant theoretical step towards a complete account of recombination in the presence of small-scale baryon clumping.
Komala Subramanyam Cherukuri, Pranav Abishai Moses, Aisa Sakata
et al.
Oral histories are vital records of lived experience, particularly within communities affected by systemic injustice and historical erasure. Effective and efficient analysis of their oral history archives can promote access and understanding of the oral histories. However, Large-scale analysis of these archives remains limited due to their unstructured format, emotional complexity, and high annotation costs. This paper presents a scalable framework to automate semantic and sentiment annotation for Japanese American Incarceration Oral History. Using LLMs, we construct a high-quality dataset, evaluate multiple models, and test prompt engineering strategies in historically sensitive contexts. Our multiphase approach combines expert annotation, prompt design, and LLM evaluation with ChatGPT, Llama, and Qwen. We labeled 558 sentences from 15 narrators for sentiment and semantic classification, then evaluated zero-shot, few-shot, and RAG strategies. For semantic classification, ChatGPT achieved the highest F1 score (88.71%), followed by Llama (84.99%) and Qwen (83.72%). For sentiment analysis, Llama slightly outperformed Qwen (82.66%) and ChatGPT (82.29%), with all models showing comparable results. The best prompt configurations were used to annotate 92,191 sentences from 1,002 interviews in the JAIOH collection. Our findings show that LLMs can effectively perform semantic and sentiment annotation across large oral history collections when guided by well-designed prompts. This study provides a reusable annotation pipeline and practical guidance for applying LLMs in culturally sensitive archival analysis. By bridging archival ethics with scalable NLP techniques, this work lays the groundwork for responsible use of artificial intelligence in digital humanities and preservation of collective memory. GitHub: https://github.com/kc6699c/LLM4OralHistoryAnalysis.
Zefanya Bramantasaputra, Dea Daniella Wangsawijaya, Bharathram Ganapathisubramani
The present study experimentally investigates the recovery of smooth-wall turbulent boundary layers (TBLs) following non-equilibrium pressure gradients (PGs). The imposed pressure gradient history (PGH) comprises favourable-adverse pressure gradient (FAPG) sequences of varying strength, followed by recovery to zero-pressure-gradient (ZPG) conditions. Hot-wire anemometry measurements were obtained at multiple downstream stations in the recovery region, with friction Reynolds numbers $Re_τ$ ranging from 2000 to 6000 depending on downstream development. Comparative analysis at matched $Re_τ$ and Clauser pressure gradient parameter $β$ enables clear assessment of history effects on TBL behaviour. Results show that increasing PGH strength enhances the wake in mean velocity profiles and amplifies turbulence intensities across the boundary layer, including the inner peak, logarithmic region, and outer peak (a signature of APG). Downstream, the mean flow gradually recovers toward a ZPG-like state, but turbulence in the outer region retains a lasting impact of PGH. Spectral analysis indicates that PGH primarily affects outer-layer scales, introducing a distinct PG peak and modifying the VLSM peak - with energy amplification dependent on PGH strength and spatial characteristics governed by history effects. Downstream recovery involves merging of large-scale wavelengths and the reorganisation of turbulence structures toward a ZPG-like state - although the `recovered' VLSM streamwise length becomes shortened due to the mixing of lengthscales with the PG peak. These results demonstrate that even under matched local parameters, TBLs retain a clear imprint of their upstream history, consistent with the findings of Preskett et al. (2025); moreover, this study provides new insights regarding the central role of scale interactions in the recovery mechanism of TBL subjected to complex PGH.
Nicolás Mauricio Calderón Pantoja, Carlos de la Rosa Gómez
The aim of this work is to systematize a model that considers the use of audiovisual resources as a complement to the development of Historical Thinking in the classroom. For the theoretical basis, we reviewed postulates about Historical Thinking in relation to film materials. We examined references regarding the relevance of complementing History classes with audiovisual material and structured criteria to help define selection parameters. For the construction of this model, we consulted dramaturgical texts through which we projected a guide serving as training for the teacher with tools to help them understand how to break down and analyze this material, and how to find the best way to use it in favor of the session and the construction of Historical Thinking. We conclude this work by providing projections in the pursuit of continuously improving didactic-pedagogical techniques that come to the aid of our students.
Theory and practice of education, History (General)
Ante la creciente bibliografía publicada en los últimos años acerca de la historia de la sífilis desde los más distintos puntos de vista (médico, antropológico, social, lexicográfico y literario), el presente artículo pretende reivindicar el interés de las referencias del Cancioneiro Geral a la epidemia de esta enfermedad que asola Europa a finales del siglo xv. En la compilación lusa se encuentran, de hecho, los primeros registros de algunas de sus denominaciones eufemísticas en portugués y castellano con base en el campo semántico de los tocados. Así, en una composición colectiva que podemos fechar en 1498, varios autores se burlan aparentemente de una gangorra (o gran gorra) castellana, aludiendo, de modo más o menos velado, al origen de tal mal venéreo, que localizan en el Rosellón, a sus vías de transmisión y a sus síntomas. Por primera vez, establecemos aquí un diálogo intertextual entre estos y otros versos recogidos por Garcia de Resende con tratados científico-divulgativos de la misma época, como el dedicado a las «pestíferas bubas» del médico López de Villalobos, escrito también en 1498.
Considering inflationary magnetogenesis induced by time-dependent kinetic and axial couplings of a massless Abelian vector boson field breaking the conformal invariance we show in this article that, surprisingly, the spectral shape of the large-scale primordial magnetic field power spectrum is insensitive to the post-inflationary history, namely the barotropic parameter ($w$) and the gauge coupling functions of the post-inflationary era.
Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently shown a promise and emergence of Theory of Mind (ToM) ability and even outperform humans in certain ToM tasks. To evaluate and extend the boundaries of the ToM reasoning ability of LLMs, we propose a novel concept, taxonomy, and framework, the ToM reasoning with Zero, Finite, and Infinite Belief History and develop a multi-round text-based game, called $\textit{Pick the Right Stuff}$, as a benchmark. We have evaluated six LLMs with this game and found their performance on Zero Belief History is consistently better than on Finite Belief History. In addition, we have found two of the models with small parameter sizes outperform all the evaluated models with large parameter sizes. We expect this work to pave the way for future ToM benchmark development and also for the promotion and development of more complex AI agents or systems which are required to be equipped with more complex ToM reasoning ability.
Hélio Rebello Cardoso Jr, María Inés Mudrovcic, Achim Landwehr
Abstract This article proposes a four-layered diagram that displays as an overview of the current field of historical time studies according to the following branches of investigation: 1) the metaphysics of natural time, 2) the metaphysics of historical time, 3) the regimes of historicity, and 4) historiographical regimes. By defining these fields and their connections, identifying essential concepts, revealing the questions they address, and sketching tendencies that have emerged since the 2000s, this article tackles historical temporality as a theoretical and historiographical subject. This framework, which portrays the state of the art in temporal studies, allows for the presentation and classification of the variety of contributions gathered in this special edition.
Solidarity with System. The Role of the “Office of Resettlement Assis- tance to Optants” in Bolzano for the Integration of Re-Optants
The following bachelor thesis examines the organizational structure and the different tasks of the “Office of Resettlement Assistance to Optants” in Bolzano, a South Tyrolean welfare office dealing with the implementation of the re-option. First, the office is contextualized in the international network of organizations dealing with the re-option. Second, the personal resources of the office are analyzed. Finally, the different tasks of the office are presented by looking at various regional and national historical sources.
Abdi Manab Idris, Suyono Thamrin, Donny Yoegiantoro
et al.
The purpose of this study is to analyze and examine the social phenomenon of the formation of the TNI. This research is focuses on elevating the role and contribution of PETA in the formation of the TNI in terms of history and defense science. The research method used is a literature study method with a qualitative approach. The results showed that the Republic of Indonesia in general had been colonized by several European countries such as the Netherlands, Portugal and Japan. However, the suffering of colonialism was most felt when the Japanese Occupation Period formed the Defender of the Homeland Army (PETA). PETA is a security institution that was formed during the Japanese occupation of Indonesia in September 1943. PETA has contributed a lot to the forerunner of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia since before independence in the form of defiance and resistance to the Japanese army, securing the independence procession and being the first to raise the saka red and white. , changed its name to the People's Security Agency (BKR) to the Indonesian National Army (TNI). During the process of changing the name of the institution there have been several incidents ranging from rebellion to military aggression by the Dutch. As for the resistance and operations carried out ranging from guerrilla warfare, physical to non-physical. The Historical Approach is a condition of PETA's military since it was first formed until it turned into the TNI in various regions in Indonesia and the Defense Science Approach in the form of a tactical step/independence movement which led to PETA's contribution to Indonesia.
Jessica E. Thorne, Aaron S. G. Robotham, Sabine Bellstedt
et al.
Gas-phase metallicities of galaxies are typically measured through auroral or nebular emission lines, but metallicity also leaves an imprint on the overall spectral energy distribution (SED) of a galaxy and can be estimated through SED fitting. We use the ProSpect SED fitting code with a flexible parametric star formation history and an evolving metallicity history to self-consistently measure metallicities, stellar mass, and other galaxy properties for $\sim90\,000$ galaxies from the Deep Extragalactic VIsible Legacy Survey (DEVILS) and Galaxy and Mass Assembly (GAMA) survey. We use these to trace the evolution of the mass-metallicity relation (MZR) and show that the MZR only evolves in normalisation by $\sim0.1\,$dex at stellar mass $M_\star = 10^{10.5}\,M_\odot$. We find no difference in the MZR between galaxies with and without SED evidence of active galactic nuclei emission at low redshifts ($z<0.3$). Our results suggest an anti-correlation between metallicity and star formation activity at fixed stellar mass for galaxies with $M_\star > 10^{10.5}\,M_\odot$ for $z<0.3$. Using the star formation histories extracted using ProSpect we explore higher-order correlations of the MZR with properties of the star formation history including age, width, and shape. We find that at a given stellar mass, galaxies with higher metallicities formed most of their mass over shorter timescales, and before their peak star formation rate. This work highlights the value of exploring the connection of a galaxy's current gas-phase metallicity to its star formation history in order to understand the physical processes shaping the MZR.
In 2012 the historian Julia Adeney Thomas restrained her temper but unleashed a warning. The occasion was a forum in the American Historical Review on ‘historiographic “turns” in critical perspective’. The perspectives offered were critical enough, Thomas wrote in praise of the other authors, but the forum had a blind spot: ‘alongside the turns analyzed here, a world-altering force has been emerging, one larger, more devastating, and more definitive even than “contemporary flexible forms of capitalism”: I speak of climate change – or climate collapse – and all of its related global transformations’. Since then, some intersectional scholars have gone beyond that to argue that climate collapse and racial capitalism are not separate topics at all, but are bound together by white supremacy and lingering forms of European imperialism. Over the past decade some environmental historians have grappled with these connections and deployed new frameworks for thinking about scale, the interdependence of the local and the global, the implications of a Euro-centric analytical framework for our understanding of the world and the relationship between economic systems and environmental change. Although they have developed separately, both environmental history and global history have called upon historians of Europe to rethink boundary making in their methodologies and in their categories of analysis. In an era of global climate catastrophe, global pandemic and global economic crisis, where does the ‘European’ environment end?
A. C. Umuhire, J. Uwamahoro, K. Sasikumar Raja
et al.
Solar radio type II bursts serve as early indicators of incoming geo-effective space weather events such as coronal mass ejections (CMEs). In order to investigate the origin of high-frequency type II bursts (HF type II bursts), we have identified 51 of them (among 180 type II bursts from SWPC reports) that are observed by ground-based Compound Astronomical Low-cost Low-frequency Instrument for Spectroscopy and Transportable Observatory (CALLISTO) spectrometers and whose upper-frequency cutoff (of either fundamental or harmonic emission) lies in between 150 MHz-450 MHz during 2010-2019. We found that 60% of HF type II bursts, whose upper-frequency cutoff $\geq$ 300 MHz originate from the western longitudes. Further, our study finds a good correlation $\sim $ 0.73 between the average shock speed derived from the radio dynamic spectra and the corresponding speed from CME data. Also, we found that analyzed HF type II bursts are associated with wide and fast CMEs located near the solar disk. In addition, we have analyzed the spatio-temporal characteristics of two of these high-frequency type II bursts and compared the derived from radio observations with those derived from multi-spacecraft CME observations from SOHO/LASCO and STEREO coronagraphs.
Priređeni dokument govori o položaju radnika u Jugoslaviji 1964. godine. Posebna pažnja je posvećena niskim zaradama, lošim životnim uslovima, slaboj i neredovnoj ishrani i sveopštoj štednji koja je činila sastavni život radničke svakodnevice u Jugoslaviji. Vlajko Begović, autor ovog izveštaja, ulazio je u radničke kuće i razgovarao sa radnicima beležeći veliko nezadovoljstvo prilikama u zemlji i rastućim socijalnim razlikama, kao i pesimizam da će se u bliskoj budućnosti promeniti položaj najsiromašnijeg dela radništva. Autor se osvrnuo i na (ne)funkcionisanje samoupravljanja po jugoslovenskim preduzećima, podvojenosti radnika i službenika i napore da se, najčešće prekvalifikacijom, pošto-poto „pobegne“ iz radničke klase.
This article analyses the American novelist Madeline Miller's latest work Circe through the lens of revisionist mythmaking proposed and defined by Alicia Ostriker. Revisionist mythmaking aims at challenging and debunking the gender stereotypes embedded in myths and fairy tales by revising and retelling them from a female perspective. In Circe, Miller revisits the myth of Circe, a renowned sorceress in Greek mythology who is reputed to turn sailors into swine by magic. Miller uses the traditional image of Circe as a witch, but she makes marked changes in the nature of this ancient image. She gives voice to the longsilenced Circe and lets her tell her own story and recount her own experiences. In Miller's book, contrary to the ancient stories and mythological accounts concerning the story of Circe, she is portrayed as a multifaced and evolving character who displays a vast array of emotions from jealousy, anger, despair, sorrow to pity, love and even postpartum depression. Miller rewrites and re-evaluates the image of Circe so as to make a correction of its representation, and thus, to achieve a cultural change.