CPVG (Utility-scale photovoltaic generation) is expanding rapidly worldwide, yet its cumulative ecological effects remain insufficiently quantified. This review synthesizes current evidence to clarify how CPVG influences ecosystems through linked mechanisms of energy redistribution, biogeochemical cycling disturbance, and ecological responses. CPVG alters surface radiation balance, modifies microclimate, and disrupts carbon–nitrogen–water fluxes, thereby driving vegetation shifts, soil degradation, and biodiversity decline. These impacts accumulate across temporal scales—from short-term construction disturbances to long-term operational feedbacks—and propagate spatially from local to regional and watershed levels. Ecological outcomes differ substantially among deserts, grasslands, and agroecosystems due to contrasting resilience and limiting factors. Based on these mechanisms, we propose a multi-scale cumulative impact assessment framework integrating indicator development, multi-source monitoring, coupled modelling, and ecological risk tiering. A full-chain mitigation pathway is further outlined, emphasizing optimized siting, disturbance reduction, adaptive management, and targeted restoration. This study provides a systematic foundation for evaluating and regulating CPVG’s cumulative ecological impacts, supporting more sustainable solar deployment.
Production of electric energy or power. Powerplants. Central stations
Impact craters are important for understanding the evolution of lunar geologic and surface erosion rates, among other functions. However, the morphological characteristics of these micro impact craters are not obvious and they are numerous, resulting in low detection accuracy by deep learning models. Therefore, we proposed a new multi-scale fusion crater detection algorithm (MSF-CDA) based on the YOLO11 to improve the accuracy of lunar impact crater detection, especially for small craters with a diameter of <1 km. Using the images taken by the LROC (Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera) at the Chang’e-4 (CE-4) landing area, we constructed three separate datasets for craters with diameters of 0–70 m, 70–140 m, and >140 m. We then trained three submodels separately with these three datasets. Additionally, we designed a slicing–amplifying–slicing strategy to enhance the ability to extract features from small craters. To handle redundant predictions, we proposed a new Non-Maximum Suppression with Area Filtering method to fuse the results in overlapping targets within the multi-scale submodels. Finally, our new MSF-CDA method achieved high detection performance, with the Precision, Recall, and F1 score having values of 0.991, 0.987, and 0.989, respectively, perfectly addressing the problems induced by the lesser features and sample imbalance of small craters. Our MSF-CDA can provide strong data support for more in-depth study of the geological evolution of the lunar surface and finer geological age estimations. This strategy can also be used to detect other small objects with lesser features and sample imbalance problems. We detected approximately 500,000 impact craters in an area of approximately 214 km2 around the CE-4 landing area. By statistically analyzing the new data, we updated the distribution function of the number and diameter of impact craters. Finally, we identified the most suitable lighting conditions for detecting impact crater targets by analyzing the effect of different lighting conditions on the detection accuracy.
Zofia Winczewska, Agnieszka Mechlińska, Piotr Radziwiłłowicz
et al.
The pathogenesis of depression is complex and heterogeneous, and the management of this disease remains unsatisfactory, so mechanisms and therapeutic strategies are constantly being sought. This study aimed to determine the potential role of estrogen metabolites in the pathogenesis of treatment-resistant depression (TRD) based on the determination of concentrations of estrogens and their metabolites and hydrogen peroxide (H202) in the biological material of patients with TRD.In this study, we observed for the first time an association between unbalanced estrogen metabolism and elevated H202 levels in TRD patients. Reduced concentrations of 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME2), 17α-estradiol (α-E2) and 17β-estradiol (β-E2) may be due to abnormal estrogen metabolism toward neurotoxic semiquinones and quinones which are a potential as yet undescribed mechanism responsible for generating oxidative stress (OS) in TRD.
Amanda Aparecida Carminatto, Paulo Emilio Costa Santos, Rodrigo de Oliveira Campos
et al.
This study explored spatio-temporal patterns influencing reef fish richness and abundance in two coastal islands within marine protected areas (MPAs) in southeastern Brazil. Data were collected using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) during the 2022 seasonal cycle, with samples taken day and night. A total of 16 661 individuals from 81 species was recorded. The results showed that fish abundance was higher during the day, in winter and in areas with high temperatures. At night, in autumn, behavioural changes were observed in schooling species. Seasonal variations, including temperature changes and the oceanographic characteristics of the study area, influenced fish abundance and species composition, favouring tropical and subtropical species. Depth affected the islands differently: higher abundance was observed in deeper waters at Anchieta Island State Park, while shallower waters at Mar Virado Island showed greater abundance due to habitat complexity. Diurnal variation in richness was significant at Mar Virado Island, probably due to increased nocturnal predation. For fishing-targeted species, the islands showed significant effects on species composition and abundance, highlighting the importance of protected areas. The study offers key insights into reef fish dynamics, emphasizing the role of spatio-temporal variables in shaping communities and supporting conservation strategies in MPAs.
Carey T. Knight, Ann Marie Gorman, Graham F. Montague
Walleye Sander vitreus are economically and ecologically vital to Lake Erie and have multiple spawning stocks that contribute to the lakewide population. These unique Walleye stocks typically spawn in discrete spawning aggregations in riverine and shallow, open-lake reef habitats during springtime in the western, eastern, and central basins. Yet, most spawning research has been conducted in the western and eastern basins. Therefore, the goal of our study was to document evidence of Walleye utilizing a central basin nearshore reef for reproduction. We used gill nets from 20 March to 15 May 2012, on Hardy Point Reef (HPR; near Fairport Harbor, Ohio) to collect spawning Walleye. Larval light traps and egg mats were deployed to capture fertilized eggs and newly hatched larvae. We captured 281 actively spawning Walleye using overnight-set gill nets from HPR. Five fertilized Walleye eggs and two larval Walleye were captured from HPR. Our study provided evidence that successful Walleye spawning occurred at HPR in the central basin of Lake Erie. Further research should identify potential additional Walleye spawning locations in the central basin and quantify these contributions to the Lake Erie population to help facilitate lake wide management and preservation of spawning stocks.
IntroductionCompound dry-heat exposure is an intensifying climate risk in arid and high-altitude cities, yet its spatiotemporal evolution and drivers are not fully resolved. The Lanzhou–Xining urban agglomeration is a representative hotspot where population exposure and environmental constraints intersect.MethodsA three-dimensional temperature cube with 305 monthly dry-bulb layers (2000–2025) encodes each pixel as a high-dimensional temporal vector. From this cube, three compound dry-heat indices (CDH1–CDH3) are derived to represent surface thermal intensity, radiative saturation, and hydrothermal imbalance. Six exposure metrics (EXP1–EXP6) quantify demographic, ecological, and infrastructural vulnerability dimensions. Annual XGBoost models with SHAP interpretation are used to attribute exposure dynamics to evolving CDH drivers and to map spatial heterogeneity.ResultsFour coupling regimes are identified: an early temperature-dominated phase (2000–2004), a radiative intensification period (2005–2011), a compound maturation stage (2012–2018), and a post-2019 fragmentation era marked by sharp attribution volatility and strong spatial heterogeneity. CDH3 acts as a latent but volatile disruptor, with pronounced influence on soil-moisture-related exposure (EXP6), whereas CDH2 shows a dominant, structurally embedded role in vegetation-constrained zones. The exposure response exhibits asymmetry and threshold sensitivity across the urban-rural gradient.DiscussionThe findings indicate that dry-heat exposure in Lanzhou–Xining is co-controlled by radiative saturation and hydrothermal imbalance rather than temperature alone. Adaptation should prioritize radiative redistribution, evaporative buffering, and localized risk governance, with policies targeted to regime-specific drivers and spatial heterogeneity.
Izabela Janus-Ziółkowska, Joanna Bubak, Massimiliano Tursi
et al.
Feline hyperthyroidism is the most frequent endocrinopathy in adult and senior cats, frequently leading to cardiac changes characterised by a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) phenotype, which may partially reverse with appropriate treatment. However, the structural and molecular alterations in the myocardium can persist and closely resemble those observed in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Despite this clinical overlap, protein expression patterns in the hearts of hyperthyroid cats remain poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the myocardial expression of desmin, a key contractile protein, as well as calreticulin and interleukin-10 proteins involved in cardiac remodelling and response to injury. Left ventricular samples were obtained from 16 hyperthyroid cats, 12 cats with HCM, and 10 healthy controls. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to assess the expression patterns of the selected proteins. Our findings revealed that, despite median left ventricular dimensions not being significantly different from ones observed in healthy animals, cats with hyperthyroidism exhibited similar alterations in desmin and interleukin-10 expression to those seen in HCM-affected cats. These changes were associated with cardiomyocyte degeneration and coronary artery narrowing, suggesting a shared pathway of myocardial injury independent of the primary disease.
Andreas Kamilaris, Chirag Padubidri, Asfa Jamil
et al.
This paper describes the experiences and lessons learned after the deployment of a country-scale environmental digital twin on the island of Cyprus for three years. This digital twin, called GAEA, contains 27 environmental geospatial services and is suitable for urban planners, policymakers, farmers, property owners, real-estate and forestry professionals, as well as insurance companies and banks that have properties in their portfolio. This paper demonstrates the power, potential, current and future challenges of geospatial analytics and environmental digital twins on a large scale.
Environmental feedback mechanisms are ubiquitous in real-world complex systems. In this study, we incorporate a homogeneous environment into the evolutionary dynamics of a three-state system comprising cooperators, defectors, and empty nodes. Both coherence resonance and equilibrium states, resulting from the tightly clustering of cooperator agglomerates, enhance population survival and environmental quality. The resonance phenomenon arises at the transition between cooperative and defective payoff parameters in the prisoner's dilemma game.
This paper presents a theoretical discussion for environmentally-conscious job deployment and migration in cloud environments, aiming to minimize the environmental impact of resource provisioning while incorporating sustainability requirements. As the demand for sustainable cloud services grows, it is crucial for cloud customers to select data center operators based on sustainability metrics and to accurately report the ecological footprint of their services. To this end, we analyze sustainability reports and define comprehensive environmental impact profiles for data centers, incorporating key sustainability indicators. We formalize the problem as an optimization model, balancing multiple environmental factors while respecting user preferences. A simulative case study demonstrates the {potential} of our approach compared to baseline strategies that optimize for single sustainability factors.
This study presents an application of performance-based assessment to establish fragility functions and evaluate the seismic reliability of an ancient stone pagoda in Korea. The pagoda was constructed of stone elements which were stacked over each other in layers without bonding material. To account for the discrete nature of this kind of structural configuration, the distinct element method is used to perform the incremental dynamic analysis to develop fragility functions. Three performance levels are specified on the capacity curve which is established based on non-linear pushover analysis. The randomness in seismic demand generation was considered when exciting the pagoda by a set of 23 input ground motion records, which were scaled into different intensity levels. The seismic response of the pagoda under different ground motions at several peak ground acceleration levels shows that the predominant frequency of the excitation is closely related to the behavior of this kind of structure. Ground motions with lower predominant frequency values induce stronger distortion to the pagoda than the ones with higher predominant frequency. The fragility functions estimated by maximum likelihood method show that earthquakes with peak ground motion of 0.469 g have a 50% probability of causing a collapse on the pagoda in the most conservative assessment. The probability of the pagoda collapsing within 50 years is 1.65% for the most earthquake-vulnerable site among the sites considered in the study.
Accommodating pedestrians crossing midblock has been shown to have harmful environmental consequences because of increased fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. Somewhat surprisingly, no studies were devoted to mitigating the environmental impact of midblock crossing. Our main contribution is to propose schemes that mitigate the increased fuel consumption and CO2 emissions due to pedestrian midblock crossing by leveraging information about the location and expected duration of the crossing. This information is shared in a timely manner with approaching cars. We evaluated the impact of car decisions on fuel consumption and emissions by exploring potential trajectories that cars may take as a result of messages received. Our extensive simulations showed that timely dissemination of pedestrian crossing information to approaching vehicles can reduce fuel consumption and emissions by up to 16.7%.
Data science pipelines inform and influence many daily decisions, from what we buy to who we work for and even where we live. When designed incorrectly, these pipelines can easily propagate social inequity and harm. Traditional solutions are technical in nature; e.g., mitigating biased algorithms. In this vision paper, we introduce a novel lens for promoting responsible data science using theories of behavior change that emphasize not only technical solutions but also the behavioral responsibility of practitioners. By integrating behavior change theories from cognitive psychology with data science workflow knowledge and ethics guidelines, we present a new perspective on responsible data science. We present example data science interventions in machine learning and visual data analysis, contextualized in behavior change theories that could be implemented to interrupt and redirect potentially suboptimal or negligent practices while reinforcing ethically conscious behaviors. We conclude with a call to action to our community to explore this new research area of behavior change interventions for responsible data science.
Myrrophis (Enhydris) chinensis, also known as the Chinese water snake, has been used for medicinal purposes, such as the treatment of ailments involving fever, headache, and joint pain. The complete mitochondrial genome of M. chinensis was assembled using next-generation sequencing. The mitochondrial genome was 17,302 bp in length and contained 37 genes, including 13 protein-coding, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA), 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and 2 non-coding control regions (D-loop). The light chain of replication origin was found between tRNA-Asn and tRNA-Cys in the WANCY gene cluster, which is consistent with published mitogenomes of Homalopsidae. The phylogenetic tree supported the monophyly of Homalopsidae species and implied that M. chinensis is the closest related species to Myanophis thanlyinensis. The mitochondrial genome of M. chinensis provides fundamental data for exploring mitochondrial genome evolution in snakes (Homalopsidae).
In today’s era of increasing environmental awareness, organizations need to consider the environmental economics and management perspective in addition to quality performance. Recent societal changes have led to a significant digital revolution that has made it challenging for industrialized nations to manage technology transfer. Organizations must integrate digitalization, technology, culture, and environmental sustainability to survive in this highly competitive climate. This study examines the relationship between digitalization and technology management and their impact on Total Quality Management (TQM) performance in Pakistani businesses, considering the environmental economics and management perspective. A quantitative approach was taken, and senior executives from the public and private sectors were surveyed to obtain information. The data was analyzed using SMART PLS 3, which utilized Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The study found that digitalization and technology management significantly enhanced TQM performance, with organizational agility mediating and organizational culture moderating. The organizational agility also played a crucial role in mediating the relationship between technology management and TQM performance. The findings of this study offer valuable insights for quality management practitioners and policymakers, highlighting the importance of incorporating environmental economics and management practices into an overall quality performance.