Hasil untuk "Civil law"

Uswatun Kamila, Suhermi Suhermi

This study aims to analyze the implementation of legal protection for the rights of workers in the Coffee Shop Micro Enterprise in Telanaipura District, Jambi City, and to determine the obstacles in the implementation of workers' rights and their resolution. The type of research used in this paper is Juridical Empirical research and the sampling was taken based on purposive sampling. From the results of this study it can be seen that: (1) legal protection for coffee shop micro business workers based on applicable labor regulations has not been properly fulfilled because there is still non-compliance by employers in complying with labor regulations, (2) as well as a lack of legal knowledge and awareness both from employers and workers who become obstacles are not properly implemented to fulfill the rights that should be obtained by workers in an employment relationship. Of course these existing problems cannot escape the government's lack of attention to labour, the government should conduct a review of workers whether they have fully obtained their rights or not. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pelaksanaan perlindungan hukum terhadap hak pekerja Usaha Mikro Kedai Kopi di Kecamatan Telanaipura Kota Jambi, dan untuk mengetahui kendala dalam pelaksanaan hak pekerja serta penyelesaiannya. Tipe penelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini ialah penelitian Yuridis Empiris dan penarikan sampel diambil berdasarkan purposive-sampling. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat dilihat bahwa: (1) perlindungan hukum terhadap pekerja usaha mikro kedai kopi berdasarkan peraturan ketenagakerjaan yang berlaku belum terpenuhi dengan baik karena masih ada ketidakpatuhan pengusaha dalam mentaati peraturan mengenai ketenagakerjaan, (2) serta kurangnya pengetahuan dan kesadaran hukum baik dari pengusaha maupun pekerja yang menjadi kendala tidak terlaksana dengan baik pemenuhan hak yang seharusnya didapatkan oleh pekerja dalam suatu hubungan kerja. Tentu permasalahan yang ada tersebut tidak luput dari kurangnya perhatian pemerintah terhadap tenaga kerja, seharusnya pemerintah melakukan peninjauan terhadap pekerja apakah telah mendapatkan hak mereka sepenuhnya atau tidak  

Réka Pusztahelyi

A tanulmány célja annak feltárása, hogy az Európai Unió jogalkotása lépést tart-e az online platformokon a személyes adatok üzleti célú megszerzése érdekében alkalmazott ún. sötét mintákkal, azaz a felhasználói felület megtévesztő kialakításával. Míg a platformok üzemeltetőinek az algoritmuson alapuló, személyre szabott, célzott marketingtechnikák használatához minél több (és pontosabb) személyes adatra van szükségük, akár kisebb-nagyobb visszaélések árán is, addig a felhasználók érdeke alapvetően ezen adatok titokban tartásához és a felettük való rendelkezési jog megtartásához fűződik. A digitális piacokról és a digitális szolgáltatásokról szóló rendeletek szigorú gondossági kötelezettségeket írnak elő a kapuőrök és a szolgáltatásközvetítők számára, azonban a megtévesztő tervezési megoldások elleni jogi fellépés szélesebb nézőpontot kíván meg, ezért a jelen írás kiterjeszti a vizsgálatot az adatvédelmi jog egyes kérdéseire és az uniós digitális jog (digital acquis) bizonyos vívmányaira is. A bevezetést követő első szakasz a megtévesztő interfészkialakítás jogi fogalmával és kategorizálásával foglalkozik. A második szakasz sorra veszi a digitális szolgáltatásokról szóló és a digitális piacokról szóló rendeletnek a megtévesztő interfésztervezési mintákra vonatkozó rendelkezéseit, különösen tekintettel az adatvédelmi összefüggésekre, és megkísérli feltárni azok hiányosságait. A harmadik szakasz összegyűjti és elemzi a jobb szabályozásra vonatkozó nemzetközi ajánlásokat és javaslatokat a tisztességtelen adatszerzési módszerekkel és a növekvő információs aszimmetriával szemben.

Moody R. Syailendra, Indah Aprilia, Anggraeni Sari Gunawan et al.

As mentioned by article 1 point 1 in Regulation of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 of 2016, mediation is an alternative resort to solve disputes through negotiation used to reach a consensus in the presence of a mediator. Mediation as an alternative dispute resolution reflects the Fourth Precept of Pancasila as the nation's character which implies resolving disputes through deliberation. Prioritizing communication is a form of deliberation carried out with the purpose of re-agreements, where there will be a possibility to improve the relationship between the parties. Resolving conflicts through mediation is an attempt to end complicated issues through a process that is time-saving and relatively cheap in providing win-win solutions. In Indonesia, the existence of mediation is based on the Regulation of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia No. 1 of 2016. Mediation has also been set as a mandatory process in the path of resolving disputes in the civil court. The method of information dissemination is carried out to create awareness regarding the new law enforced, which includes lectures and interaction. The research team in collaboration with the Maleber Village held an information dissemination activity based on the Supreme Court Regulation Number 1 of 2016 concerning Mediation. This activity would be very useful for all the parties facing conflicts as well as advisors or for third parties (mediators), such as the village apparatus, families, traditional leaders, community leaders, and other parties who are becoming completely aware of the negotiation and mediation.

Bambang Setyawan

The free flow of information and ideas is a core part of any thought on democracy and is essential for the successful respect of human rights. It has the potential to cause human rights violations to occur in secret, there is no way to reveal a corrupt and inefficient government, and many other things. Based on this background, this research is based on the formulation of the problem 1) Philosophical Basis of Public Bodies as Public Information Providing Institutions in the Era of Public Information Openness; 2) Existence of the Information Commission as Administrator and Law Enforcer in Public Information Disclosure; 3) Public Entity's Liability Against Disputes Public Information From the Aspects of Administrative Law, Civil Law and Criminal Law. This research is a legal research (legal research). The approach in this research is a statutory, conceptual, and case approach. The conclusions of this study include: Freedom of information is the spirit of democratization that offers freedom, but in this freedom the state can function itself effectively and efficiently without neglecting democratic principles. The effective enactment of the UU KIP in Indonesia starting April 30, 2010 opened a new era of public information disclosure in the country. The enactment of this law is part of the implementation of the spirit of transparency as the fulfillment of citizens' human rights to know public information (right to know) guaranteed by Article 28F of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia.

Jeysson Sandoval Valer, Boris Saldaña Solari, Carlos Martinez Álvarez

La independencia de las agencias de competencia es vital para garantizar que estas operen de forma objetiva y técnica. Múltiples trabajos se han escrito respecto de la importancia de establecer un marco institucional sólido que proteja a estas entidades de influencias externas, refiriéndose mayormente a presiones por agentes económicos. Sin embargo, estos últimos no son los únicos interesados en intervenir en las agencias de competencia, puesto que también lo están los actores políticos. En este trabajo, los autores analizan el marco institucional del Indecopi, la agencia de competencia peruana, y evalúan si este garantiza su independencia frente a presiones políticas. Para ello, desarrollan un análisis histórico, comparado y casuístico del funcionamiento reciente de esta entidad. Asimismo, evidencian cómo las situaciones de crisis incrementan los riesgos asociados a la falta de independencia. Finalmente, proponen recomendaciones para reducir dichos riesgos.

Dudaš Atila I.

In 2002 Hungary transposed the Directive 1999/44/EC on certain aspects of sale of consumer goods and associated guarantees, by amending the Civil code of 1959, rather than integrating the rules of the Directive into the then-effective Law on the Protection of Consumers of 1997. Such an approach reveals some advantages if compared to the Serbian law. Namely, in Serbia the former Law on the Protection of Consumers of 2010 introduced special rules pertaining to conformity and guarantees in consumer sales contracts. Consequently, the need arose to limit their scope of application from the general rules of the Law on Obligations of 1978 on the conformity and guarantees. By the transposition of the rules of Directive into the Hungarian Civil code a unique set of rules on conformity and guarantees has been created that has a general scope of application. While they are applicable to all contracts, the number of special rules applicable only to consumer sales contract is in fact relatively small. Furthermore, Hungarian law provides an example of coordinated functioning of commercial and obligatory guarantees. Commercial guarantee is, like conformity, regulated uniformly in the Civil code, applicable to both consumer and non-consumer contracts. Apart from commercial guarantees, there are several obligatory guarantees in Hungarian law introduced by decrees of the government, whereby their scope of application is clear. In contrast, the legal nature and scope of application of guarantee under the Law on Obligations in Serbia became vague after the adoption of the former Law on the Protection of Consumers of 2010, which introduced commercial guarantees in consumer sale contracts. This is also one of the negative implications of the transposition of Directive 1999/44/EC into the Law on the Protection of Consumers, instead of incorporating them into the rules of general contract law. The main legislative approach adopted in the former Hungarian Civil Code has not been changed in the new Code from 2013 either: conformity and guarantee remain regulated by the general rules of contract law. Obligatory guarantees introduced by decrees of the government also remain in force. A significant novelty in the new Code is the introduction of a direct liability of the produced or consumer goods, a legislative possibility offered by Directive 1999/44/EC.

Мкртчян Геннадий Мнацаканович

hossein abdollahi

Analyzing current definitions of public properties in Iranian legal system indicates that distinction between these properties from State properties cannot be sought in criteria such as devoting to public services, the ability to confiscate, style of utilization, conformity of public properties from civil and commercial laws. Also existing approaches about the issues such as “relation between public properties and State-owned companies' properties” and “rules governing public properties” are facing criticism that necessitate the redefinition of public properties. In this research, it has been endeavored to redefine the public property according to criteria of Iranian constitutional law system such as interpretation of civil law according to the Constitution, with regard to the effects of the concept of sovereignty; in such a way that, while respecting the fundamental legal-jurisprudential frameworks, the efficiency of the State in utilizing public properties shall be taken into accounts. According to this redefinition, public properties (in the general sense) unlike private ones, are properties devoted to public benefit and belonged to legal person of public law and consisting of State properties, State-owned companies properties and public properties (in the strict sense). These properties can be divided into “original or subordinate” public properties and "national or local" in the domain of State ownership. The redefinition will have many practical legal effects in the legal system.

Sabarudin Hulu, Pujiyono Pujiyono

Penel i t i an i ni bert uj uan unt uk menget ahui bagai mana pert anggungj awaban pej abat  pemerintahan atas tindakan diskresi yang berindikasi adanya penyalahgunaan wewenang serta bagaimana tolok ukur tindakan diskresi oleh pejabat pemerintahan dapat dikategorikan sebagai penyalahgunaan wewenang sehingga harus dipertanggungjawabkan secara pidana. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan yuridis normatif. Diskresi yang diambil pejabat pemerintahan dan mengabaikan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku, sangat rentan terjadi penyalahgunaan wewenang yang mengarah pada perbuatan tindak pidana korupsi. Pejabat pemerintahan menerbitkan diskresi dengan berlindung pada Undang-Undang No. 30 Tahun 2014 tentang Administrasi Pemerintahan, dengan alasan karena ada persoalan yang harus diselesaikan sementara peraturan perundang-undangan memberikan pilihan, tidak mengatur, tidak lengkap atau tidak jelas, dan/atau adanya stagnasi pemerintahan.

alireza yazdanian

Trust possession (Yade Amani) and the liability arising from encroachment and wastage and the lawyers obligation in observing the trust and expedience of the client and the status of the contracts that the lawyer has signed outside of the scope of his/her powers have been dealt with in Islamic jurisprudence. However, there is a little material regarding other obligations or the contractual civil liability arising from the breach of obligations or contractual liability arising from the delay in the fulfillment of obligations. While there is a third party presence in the attorney contract and sometimes despite the relativity of contracts the scope of the obligations extends to third parties and breach of any of these obligations fulfill the liability resulting from personal and other's act and third party. Therefore, the client not the only  has contractual liability resulted from personal act toward the attorney or the other party of the contract, but sometimes contractually or tortiously liability is liable due to another’s act as well. Correspondingly, the lawyer  has contractual liability arising from personnel act toward client  and sometimes is liable toward the client or other individuals for other's act that is examined through a comparison with French law.

Maria Lewandowicz

The Code of Private Law in the Canton of Zurich (Privatrechtliches Gesetzbuch für den Kanton Zürich – PGB) is described as the perfect model for the Swiss Civil Code in the literature devoted to the subject matter of codification of private law in the Swiss Confederation. It was the first modern civil code in Switzerland which was imbued with German tradition and legal culture. At the same time, it represented a high level of scientific sophistication. The Code of Private Law in the Canton of Zurich proved the vitality of German law in Switzerland. Moreover, its stable foundations in the national spirit resulted in a high level of social acceptance for the legal solutions included within. However, the question remains to what extent one can determine the influence of the Code of Private Law in the Canton of Zurich on the project and on the final shape of the Swiss Civil Code (ZGB). Also the question is to what extent one should treat these codes as independent works, even though they were created on the basis of the same initial assumptions. The influence of The Code of Private Law in the Canton of Zurich on the Swiss Civil Code most completely depicts the inheritance law. Firstly, it directly interferes with the personal sphere of a citizen’s life and, consequently, it has to be rooted in the national culture and tradition in order to be effective. Secondly, it is the part of law which was the most diversified regulatory area in Switzerland in the period prior to the unification. The description of the Code of Private Law in the Canton of Zurich as “the perfect model” for the Swiss Civil Code is accurate. However, it is the author’s opinion that this statement is an exaggeration. The basic connection between the Code of Private Law in the Canton of Zurich and the Swiss Civil Code is expressed in the method of conducting the preparatory work for the codification work. It is also expressed by the adopted method of selection of the source material which was to serve as demonstrative material in the unification work. However, there is no evidence which would attest that the Swiss Civil Code’s contents were based on the regulations found in the Code of Private Law in the Canton of Zurich. The close relationship of both laws is expressed not in the contents but rather in the ideological assumptions of the conducted codification works.

Х. Абдо, М. Сайымова, Е. Пилипенко

Personnel management is the main factor of modern society economic success. This significantly changes the very concept of “human resources management” - it goes from a simple prompt solution to the determination of problems arising the definition of people future needs, as well as the development of both their labor and creative potential. In this regard, it should be emphasized that in business, especially in large-scale one Personnel management is focused on solving strategic tasks of the organization innovative development, in other words, its goals and principles must comply with the organization basic strategic concept, and the function of personnel management must be taken into account when developing the organization strategy. The aim of the study is to determine the new technologies effectiveness in public administration. This is called service-oriented thinking. In short, service systems are the location of systems that create value and include people sharing information, technology and organizations, as well as language, measures, models, laws, etc. The main carrier of new competitive ideas, solutions, non-standard tasks or new ways of solving standard problems is the personnel. Creation of an efficient and effective system of public administration is a necessary condition for ensuring the dynamic social and economic development of our country. Therefore, the number one task remains to improve the effectiveness of public administration, strict observance of the rule of law by state officials, and the provision of high-quality public services to the public. Thus, the urgency of researching innovative methods of the personnel management system in a state institution is due to the need for timely formation and development of innovative mechanisms for making managerial decisions that are adequate to the requirements of the modern economy, scientific and technical and information progress. Analyzing the foreign experience of the above countries, it should be noted a number of features that are of practical interest and can be taken into account in the process of improving the public service system of Kazakhstan: - in the countries examined, the professionalization of the state apparatus is carried out on an ongoing basis; - flexible methods of human resources management (personnel management); - there are mechanisms for transferring the best employees with experience between the public and private sectors. Analyzing the experience of foreign countries, it is necessary to determine the level of public confidence in the system of competitive selection and the level of confidence of civil servants and citizens in the mechanism for implementing the principles of meritocracy, that is, raising the career ladder with merit. During the development of innovative methods, knowledge of the program being implemented in the public service is acquired; knowledge of the best personnel technologies used in the modern public service of foreign countries; knowledge of the possibilities and limitations of the use of traditional and innovative human resources management tools in the civil service management practice; the ability to make a reasonable choice of a specific staff tool, taking into account the purposes of its application, as well as the specifics of the given situation; skills of developing procedures and documents by the personnel department. This is called service-oriented thinking. In short, service systems are the location of systems that create value and include people, share information, technologies and organizations, as well as language, measures, models, laws, and so on.

Richard Hyland, Eduardo Nunes de Souza

O presente artigo busca investigar por que as concepções de Direito pertencentes às tradições da família romano-germânica e da common law apresentam tão difícil aproximação, bem como propor perspectivas para um diálogo entre comparativistas dos dois sistemas, apresentando o que uma experiência jurídica tem a aprender com a outra.

Martha Toribio Leão

Essam Saeed Abd Ahmed

Persons with disabilities represent one of the important problems faced by the present world. This is evident through their confrontation with a large number of obstacles and hurdles in all civil, political, legal, social, economic and cultural fields. Such obstacles mainly feature in eases of discrimination and unjust inequality from which they suffer, compared with those healthy. Therefore, this study aims at respecting protecting and reinforcing their enjoying rights and freedoms and facilitating their exercising them as citizens subjecting to the rule law and enjoying practicable rights.

Sharma Mukta, Chatterjee Anindya

<p>Abstract</p> <p>In the South-East Asia region, the drug control and supply reduction agenda is of high political importance. A multitude of law enforcement agencies are engaged in this work. Nationwide campaigns such as the “Strike- Hard” campaign in China or the “war on drugs” in Thailand dominate the landscape. Viet Nam’s response to drug use has historically focused on deterrence through punishment and supply-side measures. This policy environment is further complicated by lack of evidence-based drug dependence treatment in several settings. The public health consequences of this approach have been extremely serious, with some of the highest documented prevalence of preventable blood-borne viral infections, including HIV, and hepatitis B and C. The wider socioeconomic consequences of this have been borne by families, communities and the governments themselves.</p> <p>The HIV/AIDS Asia Regional Program (HAARP) aims to stop the spread of HIV associated with drug use in South-East Asia and parts of southern China. HAARP works across five countries (Cambodia, China Burma, Laos, Viet Nam) chiefly through the Ministries of Health and Social Affairs, National Drug Control Agencies, and Public Security sectors, including prisons. HAARP has also engaged with UN agencies and a wide range of civil society organisations, including organisations of people who use drugs, to ensure their meaningful involvement in matters that directly affect them. We describe the experience of HAARP in implementing a large-scale harm reduction programme in the Sub-Mekong Region. HAARP chose to direct its efforts in three main areas: supporting an enabling environment for effective harm reduction policies, building core capacity among national health and law enforcement agencies, and supporting “universal access” goals by making effective, high-coverage services available to injecting drug users and their partners.</p> <p>The activities supported by HAARP are humble yet important steps. However, a much higher political-level dialogue is needed. The current huge gap of human rights standards in drug control practices also needs to be bridged immediately. Public health that embraces a rights-based approach must be given its fair share of policy space, budget and influence.</p>

Luiz Fernando Belinetti

Carlos Fernández Sessarego

En este artículo el autor; partiendo de un profundo análisis filosófico de la conducta humana elabora el concepto del "proyecto de vida", distinguiéndolo del "daño psíquico". El proyecto de vida, fruto de la libertad, compromete todo el ser del hombre, por lo que dañarlo genera como consecuencia una pérdida del sentido de la vida. El daño al proyecto de vida, por tanto, debe ser considerado en opinión del autor, entre los objetos de preocupación del jurista.

Beatriz Ramacciotti de Cubas

No contiene resumen

Eugenia Ariano Deho

No contiene resumen