Hasil untuk "Religions of the world"

Orlando Carmelo Castellanos Polo, María Victoria Agudelo Vargas, Sol Beatriz Vélez Escobar et al.

The first Saints venerated in the Church were Jesus' apostles and some martyrs. Later, confessors, virgins, and other Christians who demonstrated love and fidelity to Jesus Christ and his Church and lived with heroic virtue were included as Saints. This process, which culminates in "canonization," is guided by the Holy Spirit according to Jesus Christ's promise to the Church to guide her always (cf. John 14:26, Matthew 16:18). The objective of this research is to review, using the Catholic Bible and other sources, the lives of the evangelists Matthew and Luke, patrons of public accountants. The study follows a documentary methodology, through hermeneutics and critical analysis. The results allow us to observe the profound meaning that Matthew and Luke gave to their professions after becoming followers of Jesus and the spiritual and religious value given to the profession today known as public accountancy. Likewise, the spiritual message regarding the use and ownership of material goods is considered. It is concluded that in the various countries of Latin America and the Caribbean, a spiritual life connected to the accounting profession persists. Today, Matthew and Luke are recognized in these ecclesial contexts as the patrons of the profession for their preaching in the 1st century church. Given that Matthew was a tax collector, he has a link to accounting as such, as he handled money, records, transactions, and taxes that had to be paid. Luke, being a physician, was not directly linked to accounting, but his Gospel is well organised and this demonstrates an orderly analytical way of thinking and working that accountants also need to have.

Daniel Pérez de la Vega

Este trabajo parte de la investigación realizada por el proyecto RHITA, liderado por el grupo DINORAMA de la Universidad de Málaga. En este proyecto se llevaron a cabo diversos análisis de fuentes literarias, arqueológicas y epigráficas sobre los espacios de culto rurales en la Hispania de los ss. III al VIII. El análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo determinó la evolución de numerosos santuarios y su adaptación a las necesidades sociales y medioambientales. Para ilustrar estos hallazgos, se examinarán dos ejemplos de la Gallaecia tardoantigua: Igrexa Vella de Santa Comba de Louro y Adro Vello. El objetivo de este análisis es estudiar la interrelación de estos espacios sacros con áreas habitacionales o religiosas del entorno, la densidad poblacional, la transformación y reutilización de antiguas estructuras en centros de culto, así como el carácter fundacional y el papel desempeñado por los distintos actores sociales en estos lugares. A pesar de la dificultad inherente a este tipo de análisis, debido a la escasez de datos y el enfoque en la teoría de redes, dicha investigación busca completar los vacíos histórico-arqueológicos y determinar los aspectos mencionados en estos dos espacios de culto.

Donatella Tronca

N. V. Vyatkina, A. A. Lukinykh, D. A. Ponomareva et al.

The XX World Sociological Congress held in 2023 on the topic “Resurgent Authoritarianism: The Sociology of New Entanglements of Religions, Politics, and Economies” has been analyzed. The present study is based on the congress materials comprehension results. The authors’ main interest is aimed at considering the topics of the materials presented at the congress, as well as the issues that they contain. The authors’ approach to data analysis has been presented, based on the content analysis method, as well as the use of modern statistical analysis tools and the Python programming language. Based on the data obtained, modern sociology trends have been identified. The analysis carried out and the identified trends allow us to judge world sociological thought development, as well as the key issues faced by modern society. In addition, the international congresses analysis makes it possible to identify the main patterns of sociology development and also provides an opportunity to consider both local and global issues from all sides and to identify the most relevant topics. The analysis showed that the most crucial topics for modern sociologists include inequality, conflicts, and various challenges facing humanity. The World Sociological Congress study results emphasize the importance of cross-cultural interaction among scientists, as it makes possible a comprehensive analysis of social processes and phenomena.

Mehrnnisa Shaikh, Abdul Rahman Kaloi

This research includes a comparative study and analysis of law of inheritance between Christianity and Islam.  Inheritance is the process of distribution of property after the death of its owner or a distribution of the deceased's assets. The siblings of the dead body are entitled to have property and it will be transferred from one person to another. Every religion has got its own beliefs, laws and conducts based on different aspects of human being life. This study is conducted to find out of the laws of inheritance between two major religions of the world. Further, by this study, it will highlight that who will be the inheritor and non-inheritor of the deceased and how much share will be given to each inheritor. Christianity has law of inheritance which is taken from Holy Bible as they follow the laws of Judaism. The law of Islamic inheritance has been derived from the Holy Quran that has given the pure form and the principles of inheritance that are based on the necessities, and rights of every closed person to the deceased. In Christianity, the first son is preferred and in his presence, other sons also get less shares from their father’s property, They prefer first son even he is unlawful/adulterine but they prefer him because he is born firstly. Through the study, we determined that Islam has the best law of inheritance for the all humanity and has been given the due share to every inheritor. The Holy Quran describes instructions for inheritance in many places but in the three verses of Surah Nisa ( v 11, 12 and 176, the guidelines are properly mentioned.

Elijah Baloyi, Telesia Musili

Death, dying, and funerals have been processed and conducted within the frameworks of particular cultures and religions around the world, and Africans are no exception to this practice. This paper examines how the adoption of the colonial agenda led to the displacement of certain African epistemologies regarding funeral practices. It exposes why Africans are burying their own people outside the confines of their cultures and religions. The scope of this study has been narrowed to South Africa and Kenya to explore the erosion of traditional burial and mourning practices, which resulted from the colonial agenda and led to the dislocation and discarding of African practices. The qualitative data utilised in this paper were amassed through participant observation of several burials witnessed in both Kenya and South Africa, combined with a critical review of secondary resources. It is argued that the transformational agenda of decolonisation does not ignore or undermine the voices of all people within rural communities, regardless of age or social status. The paper thus recommends an inclusive engagement with the shifts affecting burial rites, to the extent of including the gatekeepers within the community and incorporating these phenomena into teaching curricula. It should be noted that this article is part of an ongoing research project entitled Erosion of African Burial Traditions, based in Limpopo, South Africa. The intention of this study is not only to make a comparison but also to argue how African identity has been influenced and to chart new pathways towards decolonisation in the face of inevitable change.

Faiz Albar Nasution, Tengku Irmayani, Hasan Sazali

Freedom of religion in Indonesia is an important and sensitive issue. Indonesia's religious diversity often leads to disputes and conflicts that disrupt harmony and unity. It is considered the emergence of diverse understandings and unfulfilled rights from religious differences. A theological approach can be an effective tool in facilitating the transformation of religious awakening and promoting religious freedom in Indonesia. This research aims to determine how theological perspectives influence the understanding and practice of religious freedom, which is communicated effectively. The research method used is descriptive, analysing the index of religious freedom in Indonesia with a theological analysis of religious freedom. The study's results highlight the importance of a theological approach in fostering a spiritual attitude and influencing expressions of religious freedom. The values of harmony, tolerance, and respect have encouraged efforts to build respect but still raise concerns about the emergence of conflict with the development of community interaction. Implementing effective strategies to place theology that encourages religious freedom in Indonesia is essential.

Hanna Yermakova, Iryna Miakinchenko, Serhii Stelnykovych et al.

The purpose of this article is to identify the key historical aspects of the formation of the teachings of religion within the Christian faith. In the course of the study, it is established that the church did not interfere with the existence of nation states, proclaiming the need for European unity. The conclusion of the manuscript argues for the church's (in its general sense) desire to subordinate political power in European states, which would serve to establish unified methods of government. The theological and canonical principles of Catholic religious doctrine provided the basis for such methods. The church's teachings became the basis for the formation of rules aimed at regulating relations in society in general, interpersonal relations and relations between the individual, the state and the church in particular. The article also examines and reveals the processes of integration of cultural studies in the environment, including science and art. The church actively finances various projects of preservation and restoration of historical art objects and promotes the development of new artistic directions. The church also actively promotes the development of science, primarily in the field of theology and philosophy. Such actions are quite valuable, because the church demonstrates adherence to its principles and values, thereby encouraging people to adhere to them as well. Such influence caused the integration and emergence of ideas of humanistic principles in the European consciousness. Moreover, the established canon law actively contributed to it. It became the basis for many branches of secular law.

David T. M. Frankfurter

Mr Haroon Rashid Khan, Aziz Ahmad Khan

It is a reality in world history that human and religion are inseparable from the beginning of the world. In the beginning religion for all humans was only one. But with the growth of human generation, humanity diverged from religion. Then the creator of the universe sent his messengers to guide mankind to straight path. But sometime after the death of the messengers and their companions, the believers coming at that time replaced the teachings of God. And they adopted a new man-made religion. Thus the number of religious increased in the world, now there are many religions in the world, the large and most popular religious are Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Judaism, Buddhism and Sikhism. In the Aryan era, the Hindus were believers in one God, just like the like Muslims. Then gradually the number of Gods increased to millions, in this article we will compare the concept of God in Islam and Hinduism with the definition of both religions.

Dr. Muḥammad Khubaib, Muḥammad Umair

It’s always the people who define the status of a society. If the people of a society are civilized, the society will be called an ideal society. Moral reforms and behavioural therapy of individuals of the society are basic factors to establish an ideal society. Such an ideal society was established by our Final Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (S.A.W) in Madina where he laid the foundations of brotherhood and equality among citizens of that state. He showed tolerance towards people belonging to different religions by protecting all their human rights and providing indiscriminate and quick justice. He not only made the social institutions strong but also developed history of human civilization. We simply need to work on our moral values and behaviours. We should study the daily life of Hazrat Muhammad (S.A.W) and mould our lives according to that. Dire need of modern world is rectification the human behavior in the light of ideal life of Hazrat Muhammad (S.A.W). It will give an opportunity to breathe the same spirit into the contemporary social attitudes so that our society may become peaceful.

Elvüsal Məmmədov

Məqalədə XX əsr ərzində Müsəlman dünyasını məşğul etmiş həmrəylik və formaları problemi tədqiq olunur. Göstərilir ki, birləşmə və həmrəylik çağırışları yeknəsəq olmamış, bu və ya digər siyasi hadisənin təsiri ilə fərqli məzmun kəsb etmişdir. Belə ki, başlanğıcda həmrəyliyin əsas ideoloji platforması olaraq millətçilik panərəbizm seçilmiş, 1950-1970-ci illərdə bu ideologiya sosializm ideyaları ilə çulğalaşmışdır. Həm daxili, həm də xarici səbəblərdən həmrəyliyin millətçi forması müvəffəqiyyətsizliyə uğramış, yerini başqa ideoloji baza axtarışına vermişdir.             1970-ci illərdən etibarən, din həmrəylik çağırışlarında əsas müraciət olunan konsepsiya halına gəlmiş, ilk mərhələdə millətçiliklə birlikdə addımlamış, nəhayət, nasirçiliyin iflasından sonra millətçi ideyalardan sıyrılaraq təkbaşına həmrəylik formalaşdırmaq iddiası ilə çıxış etmişdir. Nəticə etibarilə XX əsrin 70-ci illərindən başlayaraq, xüsusən ərəb ölkələrində qeyri-dini ideologiyaların millətçilik və sosializmin ərəbləri birləşdirmədə, Fələstin münaqişəsinin həllində iflasa uğramasından sonra, İslam həmrəyliyi aktuallıq kəsb etmişdir. Birgə fəaliyyətin zəruriliyini dərk edən hökumət dairələri yeni əsasa söykənəcək birlik və həmrəylik forması haqqında düşünmüş, ideoloji bazasını İslamın əmələ gətirdiyi həmrəylik modelini işləyib-hazırlamışlar. Tarixi təcrübənin diktəsi və qeyri-islam ideyalarının vəhdəti təmin etmədə qənaətbəxş olmaması İslamın ərəb-müsəlman ölkələrinin növbəti mərhələdəki həmrəyliyində əsas rol oynamasına səbəb oldu.             Müəllif qeyd etmişdir ki, İslam həmrəyliyi ideoloji baza olaraq islam nöqteyi-nəzəri, ümmət və qardaşlıq konsepsiyalarına söykənir, nəzəri olmayıb, həm də müxtəlif illərdə yaradılmış ayrı-ayrı qurumlarda öz əməli təsdiqini tapmışdır.

María del Mar Gabaldón

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Joanna Głowacz

The ancient and universal symbol of the serpent/dragon has a rich spectrum of meanings. The article describes archaic aspect of this idea, in which the serpent and dragon are personifications of chaos and demonic powers. Such personification appeared in many ancient cultures. The text describes some selected, associated with the world of the biblical: Land of Canaan, Land of Hatti, Mesopotamia and Egypt. Descriptions of fights in the sky, present in ancient religions, have many similarities. God – The Creator, or God – The Hero, which is the guarantor of the cosmic order, fighting the monster, the personification the primary evil and chaos. The dragon or serpent is the eternal enemy of the forces of good, represented the deity. These threads seem to confirm the idea that ancient serpent and dragon from the Apocalypse of St. John The Apostle, has biblical origins. Antiquity of this symbol may reach deeper – through the Leviathan and Rahab the Old Testament, the mythological characters of the Middle East and Egypt and deeper – in the most ancient times. Image of an Ancient Serpent and the Dragon, depicted in Apocalypse of St. John The Apostle, universal theme and supracultural can have rooted in ancient conceptual system. Pejorative evocative meaning of bases rational dates back to ancient archetype.

Sophie Bessis

The control of women's bodies is as old as the male domination itself, all turned towards a central goal, the control of motherhood. This control is exercised according to particular modalities in different civilizations but always aims to control female sexuality so as to ensure the reproductive function for the benefit of the group of males. The customary practices of the most diverse societies have focused on codifying the terms of control. As for religions, especially the three monotheistic religions, but not only, they served to sanctify the processes of domination through which patriarchal control is exercised. Religions and customs intertwined, one reinforcing the others, thus constructed normative devices of domination. Thus they legislate all on the bodies of women, enclosing the latter in a corset of obligations and prohibitions. The symbolic valorization of maternal function and the demonization of femininity are part of this apparatus of constraint. This corset was forced to yield (more or less) to secularized and secularized societies where religious prohibitions were gradually disconnected from the positive law. While in Europe, advances have been proportional to secularization processes, the prohibitions resist in the Arab world given the slowness of these processes and the regressions that may have affected them. We will review the multiplicity of religious injunctions to procreation and prohibitions on the reproductive and sexual autonomy of women. We will focus more on their permanence in the Arab-Muslim context, to show that the secularization of laws and social practices is a necessary condition for the full exercise of women's sexual rights, even if it is not enough to ensure this liberation alone.

Maria-José Cano, Beatriz Molina Rueda

<p>This article is focused on the works that derive from the field of study about peace and, more specifically, the theory relating to <em>imperfect peace</em>, developed by a group of researchers some years ago. Francisco A. Muñoz, researcher from Granada (Andalusia, Spain) was the originator of this theory at the beginning of the 2000 and afterwards, it was applied by other academics to different fields related to the study of peace.</p> <p>The central theme of our work is to analyse the cultural field and the mediating role of cultures in the peaceful regulation of conflicts, considering that all human activity has cultural connotations. We will talk about cultures, not as isolated entities that are geographically delimited, but as interrelating spaces that give rise to social structures in which changes and transformations, ideas and ways of acting (ranging from the personal to the social, the political and the international) occur that may be common, shared and compatible.</p> <p>These cultural aspects will be studied from the method or perspective called Peace Research, discipline which allow us analysing, among others, the social and culture phenomena that form part of historical processes in different places and times. The main topic will be focussed on the religious aspect, as one of the cultural identifying and its influence on identities, although other cultural dimensions could be studied (economical, political, environmental or educational).</p> <p>Additionally, we are setting our analysis on the world stage, where cultures and all human activity unfold today. Current globalization is a process that affects most of our reality: economic models, the market, nationalisms, international relations, relationships between cultures and religions, gender relations, education, etc. In all these spheres, problems and conflicts are generated that cannot be understood if we do not consider them to be ‘global problems’. Once the results of our study are reached, we can conclude that it is possible to think about cultures from their pacific contribution, more than its violent aspect.</p>

Dede Rodin

<p>Apostasy and Religious Freedom in the Alquran. The concept of apostasy should be understood in the context of religious freedom which is a basic principle of every person under Islam. Thus, the apostate merely moves religions without participating in provocative acts against Islam and Muslims, and not having imposed sanctions in this world but in the hereafter as affirmed within the verses in the Alquran. Now, it so happens that sanctions of murder mentioned by the prophet -if hadis is viewed validly- apply to the apostate who participated in provocation and hostility contrary to the administration of Islam and Muslims. This penalty is also just able to be enforced at a new practical level, if the legal provisions have become positive law which has been made into legislation or regulation by a country, so that the law is binding and applies to all the citizens.</p><p>DOI: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/ajis.v14i2.1284">10.15408/ajis.v14i2.1284</a></p>

Gutierrez Bautista, O. D.

The enormous popularity of the book series The Chronicles of Narnia by British author C. S. Lewis invites the study of the work´s artistic quality that forms part of the beginning of the epic fantasy; not only because it represents a milestone in literary history, but also because it remains an expression of fundamental human needs that, in the same manner, were found in post-war days ofthe twentieth century, as observed in the great questions of postmodernity. The crisis of the greatstories generally expressed by religions and thecultural dissolution of major literary referencesproduce a fertile ground for the emergence ofliterary works, such as The Chronicles of Narnia,and propose a vision of the world and a projectfor the future. In this paper we will analyze theartistic value of The Magician’s Nephew (1955), abook which opens the collection of children’s books,as a work that offers a poetic vision of the worldwith the Judeo-Christian religious background ofcreation.

O. A. Rybak

Judaism is one of the oldest religions that has survived to this day. It is a religion of mostly ethnic Jews, a nation that, for many historical reasons, was scattered all over the world and for a long time did not have a permanent place of residence, its state. During the century of its existence Judaism has undergone a number of changes, but its main features - monotheism and the veneration of ancient religious books (the Tories, the Talmud) - have not lost yet.

N. I. Nedzelska

It is not objectionable in modern science that the woman was deified earlier than her husband, and the sacred books of religions of the Abrahamic tradition capture the next stage of society's development: the transition to a new way of farming and the rule of man in all spheres of life. Judaism and Islam did not recognize the cult of the goddesses and always struggled with it. For the Jews, Yahweh (or Yahweh) was both a patron of women. In Judaism, a woman does not actively participate in religious life. It is not necessary here, because its vital activity is itself a religious one. The functions of a woman in a family are identical to religious service. Each Jewish woman is a Goddess. Like God, she creates a man and she is unnecessary intercessor to the outside world. A man has to pray for her, for she is, by his very nature, the leader of the will of God.