Bo Wold Nilsen, Nema Rashdan, Mudar Rashdan
et al.
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the following: (1) the preferences of public dentists for procedures and materials in carious or non-carious pulp exposure of permanent teeth; (2) how factors such as clinical experience, scientific literature reading, and material availability affect their choices; (3) the self-assessed risk of root canal treatment after pulp capping.
Materials and methods: An online questionnaire consisting of 20 multiple choice and open-ended questions was e-mailed to Norwegian public dental clinics. It assessed dentists’ material preferences for direct pulp capping for carious or non-carious exposures, alongside factors such as years since graduation, scientific literature engagement, availability of materials, and clinical scenario choices. Respondents were also asked to estimate and reason long-term outcomes of their chosen materials. Standardized case descriptions ensured shared clinical understanding. Data were statistically analyzed and p-values ≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results: A total of 218 (23.9%) dentists responded. Direct pulp capping was preferred by 65% of respondents, with chemically curing materials – primarily calcium hydroxide – being most used. Chi-square analyses showed that dentists with fewer years of experience and those who had read scientific literature were more likely to prefer calcium silicate materials; however, these variables were not statistically significant predictors in the logistic regression models. Material availability was the strongest predictor of preference, with significantly increased odds of selecting calcium silicates or light-curing materials when available. ‘Satisfied with clinical results for the chosen material’ was the most frequently reported reason for material selection.
Conclusion: Most respondents in this study preferred calcium hydroxide for direct pulp capping in permanent teeth with closed apices, despite the superior clinical outcomes of hydraulic calcium silicates. Material availability in the clinic was the primary factor influencing dentists’ choices, surpassing clinical experience and scientific literature engagement.
Although the literature on resettlement – the movement of refugees from their first country of asylum to a third country that can offer permanent residency and protection – is growing, we still know relatively little about how categories and criteria for the selection of refugees for resettlement are implemented in practice. We propose that to understand how refugees are selected for resettlement, it is useful to study the interorganizational encounters of national agencies involved in implementing the selection criteria of receiving states. Resettlement workers operate in a larger system of bureaucracies. In this paper we will focus on Norwegian practices of resettlement and the three Norwegian agencies involved – the Norwegian Directorate of Immigration, the Norwegian Directorate of Integration, and the Immigration Police. Drawing on street-level bureaucracy theory and ethnographic fieldwork among resettlement officers selecting refugees for resettlement to Norway, we ask how the different mandates and discretionary responsibilities influence how cooperating agencies implement the available criteria to select refugees for resettlement. We explore their division of labour, as well as distinct operational perspectives that sometimes produce contrasting reviews of the same cases, and how they resolve disagreement over resettlement decisions. In the context of the selection missions, the three agencies come to embody the multiple and sometimes conflicting aims and norms that guide Norwegian resettlement practices. Through an exploration of “trouble cases”, we provide insight into how epistemic perspectives and discretionary reasoning differ between the agencies and how these factors shape inter-agency collaboration and ultimately resettlement decisions.
Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology
Puupponen Anna, Hodge Gabrielle, Anible Benjamin
et al.
Corpus methods are now established within the field of signed language linguistics. Empirical investigations of signed language corpora have challenged many early assumptions about the nature of deaf community signed languages, while making us more aware of the limitations of traditional corpus documentation methods. One limitation relates to insufficient documentation of ethnographic information that is often necessary for accurately understanding and interpreting corpus data. Linguistic ethnography offers unique possibilities for addressing this limitation. This article outlines a novel interview method developed to enrich the original Corpus of Finnish Sign Language (Corpus FinSL) with additional ethnographic information eight years after it was first documented and archived with standard IMDI corpus metadata. We interviewed 22 Corpus FinSL signers about their family and social networks, as well as their lifelong language, geographical, educational, and employment trajectories. Here we describe how this information illuminates the linguistic analysis and interpretation of constructed action – an enactment-based way to express meaning – in Corpus FinSL data. Our results reveal constructed action in FinSL discourse is influenced by factors like signer’s educational background and age, but not exclusively by family networks or use of other sign languages. The interview materials demonstrate diversity and change in the communicative ecologies of FinSL, which is discussed in relation to the use of constructed action in FinSL. We argue that this kind of approach enables signed language corpus linguistics to “open up” more to signers’ lived experiences, while still “tying down” empirical descriptions of FinSL. A major benefit is the enrichment of both machine-readable annotations and metadata, while supporting deeper engagement between deaf signing communities and signed language corpus projects.
Theme: Children's Literature Reviews - How, Where and Who? Ill. Jenny Nyström from Barnkammarens bok, 1882.
”An incurable grouch”: The Critical Assessment of Humour in Astrid Lindgren’s Pippi Books in Sweden and Norway
Astrid Lindgren’s books about Pippi Longstocking were immediately successful in Sweden and Norway. At the same time, they caused a moral panic among some Swedish literary critics. In this article, I examine the Pippi trilogy’s reception in Sweden and Norway from a new perspective. Firstly, I provide an overview of the reception of the first three Pippi books (published in 1945, 1946, and 1948) in Swedish and Norwegian newspapers to uncover and compare national trends. Secondly, I discuss the reviewers’ assessments of the books’ humour. Research on both literary humour and literary criticism have experienced a resurgence in recent years. Still, the assessment of humour in literary reviews and the particular challenges of reviewing children’s literature need further exploration. Through a humour-theoretical analysis, I discuss how Lindgren’s first critics understood humour and the role humour played as a literary critical criterion. The examination reveals that the humour was seen as a central criterion by both Swedish and Norwegian critics. However, the Swedish reception, while more professional, was more often marked by moral and aesthetic reservations regarding the critics’ understanding of the humour. In the reviews I study, the humour was mainly paraphrased and demonstrated, rather than discussed and analysed. But in a small selection of observations and literary comparisons, we may find entry points to a deeper understanding of why Pippi is so funny.
Abstract System Security Assurance (SSA) has emerged as a critical methodology for organizations to verify the trustworthiness of their systems by evaluating security measures against industry standards, legal requirements, and best practices to identify any weakness and demonstrate compliance. In recent years, the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in enhancing cybersecurity has received increased attention, with an increasing number of literature reviews highlighting its diverse applications. However, there remains a significant gap in comprehensive reviews that specifically address the integration of AI within SSA frameworks. This systematic literature review seeks to fill this research gap by assessing the current state of AI in SSA, identifying key areas where AI contributes to improve SSA processes, highlighting the limitations of current methodologies, and providing the guidance for future advancements in the field of AI-driven SSA.
AbstractMetaverses refer to immersive virtual worlds in which people, places, and things of the physical world are represented by their digital representations. The wide adoption of metaverses is expected to widely disrupt the way we interact in the virtual world by elevating our online interactive experiences and bringing a plethora of implications for businesses. Following a structured literature review of related research published in the last decade, we shed light on our current understanding of metaverses and reflect on the potentially transformative value of metaverses for businesses in the near future. We draw on an established research framework to organize the insights of existing literature across different levels of analysis and activities’ purpose. Through this analysis, we reveal eight propositions on the changes brought by the use of metaverses and identify a number of open questions which could serve as future research avenues.
Johan Risell (1697–1724) är nästan okänd idag, men var på sin tid uppburen och betraktades som en diktare med ”livskraft i känslorna” och ”lycklig föreställnings- och avbildningsförmåga”. Han avled kort efter det stora nordiska kriget. Hans diktning skingrades och mindre än tio dikter har varit kända. Föreliggande artikel ingår i ett arbete att återge honom en plats i den svenska litteraturhistorien.
”Staden Åmåls och des Inbyggares Beskrifning” är en av de dikter som varit kända, även om den inte trycktes förrän 1873. Studien visar att satiren spreds i manuskriptform till förväntansfulla läsare på 1700-talet. Eftersom den betraktades som en paskill, inte minst av innevånarna i Åmål, hölls den tillbaka från offentligheten. 1800-talets smakdomare menade att den brast i smak, och förmådde inte se dess kvaliteter.
I artikeln studeras Åmåldikten utifrån litterära, biografiska och sociologiska perspektiv. Diktens förhållande till genren ”encomium urbis” studeras liksom relationen till den svenska stormaktstidens litterära stadshyllningar. Risell dog ung, och artikeln hävdar att dikten skall ses mot en bakgrund av tidig studentkultur. Risells dikt ges rik bakgrund eftersom artikelförfattaren kan utnyttja ett hittills okänt manuskript med mer än 50 nya dikter av Risell.
The aged photo of a ship would normally not determine you to return to the first pages of a text and read it again and again. But if you are the reader of Lars Saabye Christensen’s new book, Min kinesiske farmor [My Chinese grandmother], it does. Because Lars Saabye Christensen’s text is not only a book about the journey to China that the narrator’s grandmother took in 1906, but it is in fact a journey in itself. It takes the reader from the present to the near and far past, from Norway to Denmark and China, as it renders the power of memory and love and the changes that come along with the passing of time. Bunica mea chinezoaică [My Chinese Grandmother] is admirably translated from Norwegian and Danish by Professor Sanda Tomescu Baciu, with the financial support of NORLA (Norwegian Literature Abroad) and appeared in 2022 at Casa Cărții de Știință publishing house. It brings a flood of memories revolving around S/S Protector, whose picture we can see on the cover of the Romanian translation of the novel, thanks to Professor Sanda Tomescu Baciu and M/S Maritime Museum of Denmark.
ABSTRACT Price competitiveness is key for tourists’ destination choice. In the study, we evaluate the effects of an economic decline caused by non-tourism industry on a tourist destination’s price competitiveness. An econometric model of hotel revenue function is estimated in the study. Specifically, we estimate hotel revenue functions at the regional level in Norway to investigate how the crude oil price collapse and the subsequent economic decline influenced tourism demand in Norway. This type of cross-sectorial effect of non-tourism industries on tourism competitiveness has been little discussed in the tourism literature. The results show that the fall in crude oil price boosted tourism growth in Norway through a weakening of the local currency. This means tourism development is not always associated with economic growth, as discussed in most of the tourism literature. There might be some upper bounds of wealth in a nation where additional growth does not foster further tourism development due to the inflationary effects of economic growth. The study therefore adds new insights into the literature on tourism and economic growth.
Norwegian Literature in Romanian Translation: 1990-06.2020. The present paper offers an insight into the Norwegian literature translated into the Romanian language that was published after the fall of the communist regime and until the first half of 2020. The main problems that were studied include the number of Norwegian authors that were translated, the Romanian translators, the contact languages and the books published with grants from NORLA (Norwegian Literature Abroad), the preferred genres, the Romanian publishing houses, the cities where the books appeared and an overview of the books per year. Attention was also given to BBU alumni that translated directly from the Norwegian.
REZUMAT. Literatura norvegiană tradusă în limba română: 1990-06.2020. Prezenta lucrare oferă o privire de ansamblu asupra literaturii norvegiene tradusă în limba română de după căderea comunismului și până în prima jumătate a anului 2020. Principalele probleme studiate includ numărul de scriitori norvegieni traduși, traducătorii români, limbile de contact și fondurile de la NORLA (Norwegian Literature Abroad), genurile preferate de către public, editurile românești, numărul de cărți traduse per orașe și statistica per an. O atenție considerabilă a fost acordată și absolvenților UBB care au tradus direct din norvegiană.
Cuvinte cheie: literatură norvegiană, studii scandinave, traducere, literatura văzută de departe, studii cantitative, NORLA (Norwegian Literature Abroad), Universitatea Babeș-Bolyai
Frafall blant studenter som er i starten av studiet, er en stor utfordring for lærerutdanninger, og det er få norske studier som har undersøkt tiltak som kan imøtekomme frafallsproblematikk. Artikkelen belyser hvordan mentoroppfølging av lektorstudenter kan bidra til en god start på studiene. Mentoroppfølgingen som undersøkes her, innebærer at studentene er delt inn i grupper etter fagkombinasjon og møtes tre ganger per semester. Gruppene ledes av en veilederutdannet lærer med samme fagbakgrunn og som har sitt primære virke i skolen. Artikkelen bygger på intervjuer med studenter og mentorer og to spørreskjemaundersøkelser blant studentene. Funnene indikerer at førsteårs lektorstudenter har et stort behov for tiltak som bidrar til at de blir kjent med andre lektorstudenter som følger samme studieløp, men at organisatoriske tiltak som skal bidra til sosial integrasjon, også bør ha et innhold som er relevant for utdanningens formål. Artikkelen bidrar med kunnskap om at oppfølging ved en mentor kan imøtekomme utfordringer førsteårsstudenter kan ha både med å bli del av et studiefellesskap og med å starte utvikling av læreridentitet. I tillegg kan mentoroppfølging få frem utdanningsinnholdets relevans tidlig i studiet. Dette er kunnskap som også kan ha overføringsverdi til andre lærerutdanningsprogram.
Nøkkelord: lærerutdanning, mentoroppfølging, utvikling av læreridentitet, identitetsdanning, studieengasjement, studiemiljø, frafall
Mentoring in teacher education:
How mentoring may contribute to a good start
Abstract
Dropout among students at the beginning of their studies is a major challenge for teacher education programmes. Few Norwegian studies have investigated activities aimed at addressing dropout issues in teacher education. This article highlights how mentoring can provide student teachers with a good start in their teacher education. In the empirical setting examined here, mentoring implies that student teachers were divided into groups by subject, and they met with their mentors three times per semester. The mentors leading these groups were schoolteachers with mentor education, who were teaching similar subjects to those that the students were studying. The data collection methods included interviews with the student teachers at the end of their first year of teacher education and with their mentors, and two student surveys. This article contributes to the literature by providing knowledge of how the challenges students may face at the beginning of their studies, can be addressed by activities that not only have a social agenda but also include content that is educationally relevant. Our results show that the mentoring activities investigated in this study helped the student teachers by allowing them to get to know other first year student teachers taking the same subjects, by broadening their insights into the teaching profession and enabling them to start developing a teacher identity, as well as by clarifying the relevance of the educational content early in the programme. This knowledge may also have transfer value to other teacher education programmes.
Keywords: teacher education, mentoring, teacher identity development, identity formation, student engagement, study environment, student dropout
Abstract The purpose of this paper was to assess the Nordic situation with regard to carbon capture and storage (CCS) deployment at the local level. This was done by identifying important factors found in the literature on community acceptance and communication and relating this to possible CCS deployment in the Skagerrak region. The analysis was complemented with findings from interviews made with municipalities in the three countries (Denmark, Sweden and Norway). The results show that the possibilities to store CO2 offshore may be a clear advantage for the Nordic region and that Porsgrunn municipality in Norway display very positive attitudes towards existing and potential CCS activities, which stands in contrast to the many public acceptance challenges experienced in Europe. Moreover, the municipalities display very different awareness about CCS, which is seen in relation to CCS experiences and national policies.