Objectives To describe the prevalence and characteristics of traditional, complementary and integrative medicine (TCIM) practice and product use by the population of the UK providing up-to-date data on the landscape of TCIM use in the UK.Design, setting and participants A cross-sectional online survey, administered using the Qualtrics platform, among adults (aged 18 years and over) residing in the UK (England, Wales, Scotland or Northern Ireland). Data were collected between May and October 2024. The 40-item instrument covered four domains: demographics, health status, use of health products and practices, and use of health services. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise survey responses, and χ² tests were applied to assess associations between participant characteristics and TCIM use. Backwards stepwise logistic regression was conducted to identify predictors of TCIM use across four outcome categories (p≤0.05).Results The sample (n=1559) was broadly representative of the UK population. Prevalence of any TCIM use over a 12-month period was 65.9% with 19.1% consulting a TCIM practitioner and 63.3% using any TCIM product or practice. Bodywork therapists (massage therapists 9.4%, chiropractors 7.9%, yoga teachers 5.0%) and homeopaths (4.1%) were the most commonly consulted TCIM practitioners and Anthroposophic doctors were the least commonly consulted (2.1%). Among TCIM products, vitamin and mineral supplements were the most commonly used (37.3%) and relaxation or meditation practices were reported by 19.4% of respondents. TCIM users were more likely to be female, identify as Asian or Black, have a chronic disease diagnosis, report good health, possess private health insurance, have a higher education level, be employed (or seeking employment) and sometimes experience financial management difficulties.Conclusions There is substantial use of TCIM across the UK adult population and there is a need for more research on integrating TCIM into mainstream healthcare and the National Health Service. Clear strategies are necessary to enhance communication between TCIM and conventional healthcare providers, ensure patient safety and promote person-centred, coordinated models of care.
Abstract Background Antimicrobial resistance is a serious health problem that can be associated with wound surface microorganisms and delayed healing in wounds exposed to such microbes. This has led to the exploration of natural compounds with antimicrobial properties to alleviate these difficult situations. This study evaluated the antimicrobial effects of ethanol extract of Tridax procumbens, chitosan, and their composite on some wound surface-associated microorganisms; E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, A. niger, M. canis, and C. acremonium. Methods The phytochemical and antioxidant screening were conducted using standard methods. The sensitivity and susceptibility tests were determined using the agar well diffusion and double serial dilution methods respectively. Result The quantitative phytochemical constituents of the extract include phenols, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, and tannins. However, the concentration of phenols was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than other phytoconstituents. The ethanol extract of Tridax procumbens-chitosan composite showed a significantly (p < 0.05) higher zone of inhibition against all the tested microorganisms (bacteria and fungi). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the composite that limited the growth and completely killed the selected bacteria were observed at 12.5 mg/ml and 25 mg/ml concentrations respectively. while the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of the composite for M. canis and C. acremonium were 12.5 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml whereas, that of A. niger were 6.25 mg/ml and 12 mg/ml respectively. Conclusion The study suggests that ethanol extract of T. tridax procumbens-chitosan composite is more effective as an antimicrobial agent in combating wound surface-associated microbial organisms than the plant extract and chitosan being a single agent.
Cognitive decline and dementia are major public health challenges globally, with stress and inflammation emerging as significant contributors. Understanding the interplay between stress-related factors, inflammatory markers, and cognitive decline is crucial for identifying potential preventive strategies and interventions. This systematic review explored 17 studies examining the role of stress and inflammatory biomarkers (e.g., interleukin [IL]-6 and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α) in cognitive decline and dementia. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a thematic approach was used to analyze the findings, focusing on stress, inflammation, and their combined impact on cognitive health. Key themes identified include (1) stress as a risk factor for cognitive decline, with midlife and posttraumatic stress influencing long-term cognitive trajectories, (2) inflammatory markers such as IL-6 and TNF-α being significantly associated with accelerated cognitive decline and dementia risk, (3) lifestyle and environmental factors, including air pollution, smoking, and social determinants, exacerbating stress and inflammation, and (4) sleep quality, perceived stigma, and social networks as potential modifiers of stress-induced inflammation and cognitive impairment. The findings highlight the multifaceted interactions between stress and inflammation in cognitive decline, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions addressing stress management, lifestyle modifications, and inflammatory pathways to mitigate dementia risk. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies to establish causal relationships and develop effective prevention strategies.
Mahmuda Akter Poli, Md Jamil Hossain, Ibrahim Kholil
et al.
BackgroundThe history of traditional medicine is extensive. While modern medicine is commonly used to treat chronic illness, traditional medicine (TM) is gaining popularity as a healthcare practice in Bangladesh. However, evidence regarding the prevalence, patterns, and associated factors of TM use among chronic illness patients in Bangladesh remains limited. This study aimed to explore the use of traditional medicine among adults with chronic illnesses.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 518 adults with chronic illness from October to December 2023. Data was collected through face-to-face interviews. The Chi-square test was used to determine the association between categorical variables and multinomial logistic regression models to identify the factors associated with the use of traditional medicine.ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 43.7 (SD = 15.9) years. Among the respondents, 8.3% used traditional medicine and 5.2% used both traditional and modern medicine. Homeopathy, herbal medicine, and ayurveda were used by 69, 23, and 9%, respectively. Bivariate analysis revealed that gender (p = 0.014), educational qualification (p = 0.010), monthly income (p < 0.001), occupation (p = 0.002) and place of residence (p < 0.001) were statistically significantly associated with traditional medicine use. Among the respondents, 22.9% of people who used traditional medicine claimed that it was effective for disease management. Multinomial logistic regression revealed that rural individuals were seven times more likely to use TM compared to urban residents(AOR = 7.545, 95% CI: 2.933, 19.412, p < 0.001).ConclusionThis study revealed that individuals living in rural areas with lower monthly incomes were more likely to use traditional medicine for the treatment of chronic illnesses. Older individuals utilized it more compared to younger ones. Additionally, the study highlighted the perceived effectiveness of traditional medicine in managing chronic illnesses. These findings emphasize the need for a collaborative healthcare approach that integrates traditional medicine with modern practices to better address the diverse needs of populations.
The hospitalization and the unfamiliar experiences of patients in interventional radiology procedures cause a moderate to high levels of anxiety. This study was aimed to evaluate the anxiolytic effect of Cananga odorata essential oil (COE) aromatherapy in unexperienced patients hospitalized for interventional neuroradiology (INR) procedures. Forty-four patients admitted for their first INR procedure were randomly divided into COE and placebo control groups. COE or distilled water was dropped onto 2 pieces of mulberry paper and attached to the participant's gown at the shoulder level overnight. The main outcomes were observed from the morning salivary cortisol levels and salivary alpha-amylase activity after intervention. The Thai version of Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the vital signs (blood pressure and heart rate) were also assessed before and after COE intervention as the secondary outcome. The demographic and baseline data of both groups did not show any significant difference. After intervention, COE group had a significantly lower salivary alpha-amylase activity than placebo control group. The post-intervention scores of Trait (STAI-T) and State (STAI-S) anxiety were significantly less than those of baseline in both groups. Interestingly, the COE group had a greater percentage reduction on STAI-T after intervention than placebo control group. No significant difference was observed in other outcomes. In addition, the salivary alpha-amylase activity was weak but showed significant correlation with STAI anxiety scores. This study indicates that COE aromatherapy reduces the saliva alpha amylase activity and STAI-T anxiety in unexperienced patients hospitalized for INR procedures.
Mahesh Mijar, Lenon J Dsouza, Berton Craig Monteiro
et al.
Context: Obstetric sonography is one of the cornerstones in radiology. The exposure of radiology residents in this field is not adequate during their residency life; hence, simulation techniques can be used to bridge the knowledge gap and improve their skills. Aims: The study aimed to evaluate the impact of high-fidelity obstetric sonography simulation in resident training and competency testing. Design: The study design involves interventional longitudinal cohort study. Methods: The study was conducted among 15 radiology residents with the use of Vimedix high-fidelity Ultrasonography simulator. Seven sessions were conducted, following which the evaluation of the training program was done using the Kirkpatrick training evaluation model. The resident's reaction was recorded using the questionnaire, and the change in knowledge was ascertained by the pretest and posttest. A change in behavior was recorded using a questionnaire in the 6-month follow-up. Results: All the domains showed a positive trend after the session three and session seven. The residents were more confident and had an overall improved satisfaction of 97.4% regarding training. The Cronbach's alpha test for this study was 0.812 for session three and 0.867 for session seven. An upward trend was seen in the results of the pretest and posttest scores with P < 0.01. The average pretest mean score was 11.3, and the average posttest mean score was 21.4. A 6-month follow-up showed nearly 95% of the individuals found simulation to be helpful in their daily day-to-day practice. Conclusions: High-fidelity simulators can be used as an adjunct to conventional training in obstetric sonography training of radiology residents.
Adeyemi O. Adeeyo, Joshua N. Edokpayi, Mercy A. Alabi
et al.
Abstract Background This review aims at establishing the emerging applications of phytobiotics in water treatment and disinfection. Results Statistical analysis of data obtained revealed that the use of plant product in water treatment needs more research attention. A major observation is that plants possess multifaceted components and can be sustainably developed into products for water treatment. The seed (24.53%), flower (20.75), leaf (16.98%) and fruit (11.32%) biomasses are preferred against bulb (3.77%), resin (1.89%), bark (1.89%) and tuber (1.89%). The observation suggests that novel applications of plant in water treatment need further exploration since vast and broader antimicrobial activities (63.63%) is reported than water treatment application (36.37%). Conclusions This review has revealed the existing knowledge gaps in exploration of plant resources for water treatment and product development. Chemical complexity of some plant extracts, lack of standardisation, slow working rate, poor water solubility, extraction and purification complexities are limitations that need to be overcome for industrial adoption of phytochemicals in water treatment. The field of phytobiotics should engage modern methodologies such as proteomics, genomics, and metabolomics to minimise challenges confronting phytobiotic standardisation. The knowledge disseminated awaits novel application for plant product development in water treatment.
In the ancient Vedic literature there are many references to Sun God seeking his grace
to provide health, vigour and knowledge. In this article various aspects and powers of Sun God
are recapitulated, with focus on Sauram.
In these days of unprecedented loss of lives across countries due to Corona Virus, it is
imperative to look for alternative medications, like Mantra repetition (Japa), which is a well-
established remedial practice, like Homeopathy etc. There are several Mantras to cure many
diseases of heart and eyes, cough, breathing problems and others in Mahāsauram – which are
discussed in this article.
Suggestions on a methodology to scientifically establish the benefits of Japa are also
discussed in this paper.
Nibedita Sahoo, Debahuti Mohapatra, Pranita Mohanty
et al.
Cystic hygroma is an uncommon congenital malformation and usually present as an asymptomatic, painless, soft, fluctuant mass in infancy, and early childhood. The neck is the most common site followed by the face, tongue, and floor of the mouth. The primary site at parotid gland is extremely unusual, though it can secondarily involves parotid gland. Cystic lesion in parotid brings the other differentials of Warthin tumor, low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinomas, and lymphoepithelial cyst. Fine-needle aspiration cytology is not always diagnostic, and histopathology is the confirmatory. Primary parotid cystic lymphangioma is rare and even rarer in the adult age group. Herein, we report a case of primary parotid cystic hygroma in a 24-year-old male, which was misdiagnosed in cytology and later confirmed by histopathology.
Abstract Background In folk medicine, Acalypha wilkesiana is often used in the treatment of various ailments, although this has not been fully rationalized scientifically. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Acalypha wilkesiana leaf extracts on fluid volume and selected tissues in salt loaded rabbits. Methods Thirty rabbits were randomized into five groups consisting of six animals each. Group 1 animals were fed with salt loaded diet continuously. Group 2 animals were fed with salt loaded diet followed by aqueous extract while animals in group 3 were fed with salt loaded diet followed by ethanol extract. Animals in group 4 were fed with salt loaded diet and distilled water while group 5 animals were fed with normal diet only. Results Salt loading resulted in a significantly (P < 0.05) higher ALT, AST and lower bicarbonate. Administration of Acalypha wilkesiana leaf extracts resulted in a significantly (P < 0.05) lower serum sodium, chloride, bicarbonate and AST activities. Histology revealed that salt loading had no effect on the heart, but caused mild vacuolation in the liver, and marked lymphocytosis of the kidney. Administration of the aqueous extract caused blood vessel congestion in the heart, shrinking of portal vein in the liver and congestion of blood vessels in the kidney. Also, administration of the ethanol extract caused distortion in blood vessels in the heart, congestion of the portal vein in the liver and marked lymphocytosis in the kidneys. Conclusion It is advisable to be moderate in the use of Acalypha wilkesiana in folk medicine.
Juan Francisco Rodríguez-Landa PhD, Jonathan Cueto-Escobedo PhD, Luis Ángel Flores-Aguilar MSc
et al.
Background. Montanoa frutescens and Montanoa grandiflora have been indistinctly used for centuries in traditional Mexican medicine for reproductive impairments, anxiety, and mood disorders. Preclinical studies support their aphrodisiac and anxiolytic properties, but their effects on mood are still unexplored. Methods. The effects of 25 and 50 mg/kg of M frutescens and M grandiflora extracts were evaluated on days 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 of treatment, and compared with fluoxetine (1 mg/kg) and Remotiv (7.14 mg/kg) in Wistar rats. The participation of GABA A receptor in the effects produced by the treatments was explored. Results. Montanoa extracts reduced immobility since day 1 of treatment, while fluoxetine and Remotiv required 14 days. The GABA A antagonism blocked the effects of Montanoa extracts, but not of fluoxetine or Remotiv. Conclusions. Montanoa extracts prevented quickly the stress-induced behaviors in the swimming test through action at the GABA A receptor, exerting a protective effect different to the typical antidepressants drugs.
Introduction: Obesity is fundamental to the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) as it appears to precede the emergence of the other MetS risk factors. Aim: The objective of this study was to calculate the frequency of MetS among obese individuals attending the obesity clinic in a tertiary care center in Kerala and also to review the association of various anthropometric and biochemical factors of MetS among obese individuals in this region of the country. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed among ninety obese individuals who have attended obesity clinic in a tertiary care center in Kerala. Anthropometric measurements such as height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist to hip ratio were recorded. Lipid profile and fasting plasma glucose level were estimated. MetS was diagnosed using the International Diabetic Federation criteria, and the study population was grouped as those with and without MetS. Results: The frequency of MetS among the study population was 61.1%. The mean age of the study population was 32 years. Parameters such as BMI, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose level, and triglycerides showed statistically significant association with MetS in obese individuals. Conclusion: Since all the components of MetS are modifiable, public should be made aware of this condition, and they should be advised regarding preventive measures.
Introduction: Indian system of medicine has its origin in India. The
system is currently renamed as AYUSH, an acronym for Ayurveda,
Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Sidha and Homeopathy. These are
the six Indian systems of medicine prevalent and practiced in India
and in few neighboring Asian countries.
Objective: The primary objective of this review was to gain insight
in to the prior and existing initiatives which would enable reflection
and assist in the identification of future change.
Materials and Methods: A review was carried out based on the
five year plan documents, obtained from the planning commission
web portal of Govt. of India, on medical education, research and
development of AYUSH systems of medicine.
Results: Post independence, the process of five year planning
took its birth with the initiation of long term planning in India. The
planning process embraced all the social and technology sectors
in it. Since the beginning of five year planning, health and family
welfare planning became imperative as a social sector planning.
Planning regarding Indian Systems of Medicine became a part of
health and family welfare planning since then. During the entire
planning process, a progressive path of development could be
observed as per this evaluation. A relatively sluggish process of
development was observed up to seventh plan however post
eighth plan the growth took its pace. Eighth plan onwards several
innovative development processes could be noticed. Despite the
relative developments and growth of Indian systems of medicine
these systems have to face lot of criticism and appraisal owing to
their various characteristic features. In the beginning the system
thrived with great degree of uncertainty, as described in 1st five
year plan, however has progressed ahead with a vision to be a
globally accepted system, as envisaged in 11th five year plan.
Conclusion: A very strong optimistic approach in spreading
India’s own medical heritage is the need of the hour. The efforts
are neither completely insufficient nor sufficient enough; hence a
continuous endeavor for the revival and dissemination of India’s
own medical inheritance for the welfare of the society at large is
highly desirable.
Dermoid cysts are malformations that are rarely observed in the oral cavity. They can be congenital or acquired. They are further classified as anatomical and histological. We present here a case of an 11-year-old boy with a swelling in the floor of the oral cavity. Although various investigations pinpoint to the diagnosis, the final confirmation is obtained after histopathological examination of the excised cyst. Following enucleation via the intraoral approach the patient has been followed up for a period of 10 months, with no recurrence.
Nelson Filice de Barros, Alessandra Rodrigues Fiuza
In recent decades an important social movement related to Complementary and Alternative Medicine has been identified worldwide. In Brazil, although homeopathy was recognized as a specialist medical area in 1980, few medical schools offer courses related to it. In a previous study, 176 resident doctors at the University of Campinas Medical School were interviewed and 86 (49%) rejected homeopathy as a subject in the core medical curriculum. Thus, this qualitative study was conducted to understand their reasons for refusing. 20 residents from 15 different specialist areas were interviewed. Very few of them admitted to a lack of knowledge for making a judgment about homeopathy; none of them made a conscientious objection to it; and the majority demonstrated prejudice, affirming that there is not enough scientific evidence to support homeopathy, defending their position based on personal opinion, limited clinical practice and on information circulated in the mass media. Finally, resident doctors’ prejudices against homeopathy can be extended to practices other than allopathic medicine.