Hasil untuk "Germanic languages. Scandinavian languages"

Schuster Britt-Marie

Anne Golden, Randi Myklebust

Lise Iversen Kulbrandstad ble født 20. juni 1958 i Stokmarknes og døde 10. april 2025 på Hamar. Lise var professor i norskdidaktikk ved Universitetet i Innlandet. Hun ble ansatt som høgskolelektor ved Elverum lærerhøgskole i 1992, som i 1994 – sammen med Hamar lærerhøgskole – ble til Avdeling for lærerutdanning i den nye Høgskolen i Hedmark. I 2006 ble hun den første professoren i høgskolens norskfaglige miljø. Hun var valgt prorektor for perioden 2003 – 2007 og ble valgt som rektor i to perioder fra 2007 til 2015. I disse årene ledet hun høgskolen med stort engasjement mot målet om å bli universitet. Hun var også sentral i etableringen av doktorgradsprogrammet «Profesjonsrettede lærerutdanningsfag», som hun ledet i årene etter rektortiden. Kollegiet ved Universitetet i Innlandet omtaler henne som en bauta og en pioner som har satt varige spor etter seg både som rektor, lærerutdanner og forsker (Alstad, Danbolt & Randen, 2025; Kyllingstad, Svenkerud & Ørbeck, 2025).

Harald Ulland, Izabela Dixon

Lenka Vaňková, Václav Bok

The medical compendium by the Jew of Salms, dating from the first half of the 15th century, includes various types of medical texts; one of them is a German translation of one of the best known medieval herbaria, known under the title 'Circa instans'. A complete translation of this text only exists in one of the three surviving manuscripts (manuscript C4a at Zurich University Library). The article discusses the specific features of the translation method used by the Jew of Salms and demonstrates the unique nature of this translation in comparison with a different translation (part of manuscript 1224 at Leipzig University Library).

Dragica Žugić, Milica Vuković-Stamatović

Despite the fact that lexicographers have increasingly been taking more care when it comes to defining socially sensitive terms, we argue that ethnicity terms still remain rather poorly defined. In a number of online monolingual dictionaries we surveyed in this study, we find that ethnicity terms are generally simplistically defined, mostly in terms of geography and citizenship, and argue that such definitions are too reductionist and sometimes even erroneous. We also find that some disparaging ethnicity terms are not labelled as such in some of the dictionaries surveyed. We also present a case study from Montenegro, in which a dictionary of the national academy of sciences was immediately revoked over a few ethnicity and ethnicity-related terms, after a violent outcry from two of Montenegro's ethnic minorities, dissatisfied with how their ethnicities were defined and treated in the dictionary. Based on our survey and the earlier findings from the literature, we recommend that international dictionaries follow a standardised model of defining ethnicities, which would additionally refer to an ethnicity's culture and potentially language, and be as inclusive as possible. We also recommend that editors and lexicographers of national dictionaries pay special attention to how they define the ethnic terms relating to the minorities living in their country or region, following a combination of a standardised and a partly customised approach, which would take into account the specific features of the minorities.

Kristýna Sedláčková

Martin Lachout

Mojca Kompara Lukančič

This article addresses the position of specialized dictionaries of abbreviations for English. Special attention is given to the macro- and microstructure of English dictionaries of abbreviations, and current available online sources for users are presented. The article compares the micro- and macrostructure of seventeen English dictionaries of abbreviations, including general and language-specific ones, and three online general dictionaries of abbreviations. In the article two contemporary online attempts are also presented; namely, Slovarček krajšav (Kompara Lukančič 2006) and Slovar krajšav (Kompara Lukančič 2011). The article points out that traditional lexicography, mainly its orientation toward compiling functional and detailed entries, should be joined with modern concepts of lexicography oriented toward an extensive number of entries and constant development and improvement of a dictionary as new abbreviations are gradually added. The combination of traditional and modern concepts can develop resources that users need most — namely, a contemporary dictionary of abbreviations.

Christiane Quandt

Die Österreichische Dichterin Paula Ludwig ist eine tragische Figur der Exilgeschichte deutschsprachiger Autoren in Brasilien. Der vorliegende Artikel behandelt den Weg der Autorin, die am Verlust ihrer Liebe, Iwan Goll, und vor allem ihrer Sprache nahezu zerbricht. Anhand verschiedener Stationen, Publikationen und anderen Lebensereignissen wird ihr Werdegang nachvollzogen. Hier soll es primär um die von der Exilerfahrung geprägte persönliche Geschichte einer Dichterin gehen, die ein nahezu vergessenes lyrisches Erbe hinterlassen hat, das womöglich weitaus bedeutender hätte ausfallen können

О. Б. Алексєєва, Т. А. Ананійчук

The article addresses the questions of geographical names’ interpretation and the difficulties which may occur while working with them, due to various linguistic origins and changes in language and culture which have caused the original meaning to be lost. Some important points in geographical names’ interpretation are revealed, that is important in the work with texts in Britain country studying course. The purpose of the article is to review some features of interpretation of place names that may occur when working with country studies course texts. Geographical names like proper names are the phenomena, which draw scientific interest due to the specifics of their formation and functioning in the language. The system of proper names as a result of centuries of nomination is known to be a set of various onomastic models, whose origin is primarily associated with extralinguistic factors, such as ancient traditions and customs of nomination, primordial cults and ideas, different ethno-cultural processes that occurred in the history of the community. It is not by mere chance that scholars consider the formation of proper names as a variety of coding historical and cultural information. Some of the main problems of interpretation of geographical names are as follows: 1) the inability to track the language of origin of the name; for example, some names may be equally of Old English or of Celtic origin. 2) the difference in the word order in the name: in the Germanic languages, and thus in Old English and Old Norse, the substantive is often preceded by its modifier, such as "north farm" - Norwich - (Norfolk). Celtic names are characterised by a reverse word order, where the first element is a notion that is described (hill, valley, farm, etc.) such as "settlement of the Cuebris" - Tregonebris (Cornwall) "Mouth of the Dee" Aberdeen (Scotland). 3) lost meaning: the interpretation of certain place names can be difficult if the motivation of the name is no longer obvious. For example, the city of Whichford (Warwickshire) - "ford of Hwicce" (an Anglo-Saxon kingdom during the Heptarchy), but the location of this ford was lost. 4) polysemantic words: some elements of the names, such as suffixes wich and wick, can have many meanings. Generally suffixes wich / wick / wyke denote a farm or settlement, for example Keswick (Cumbria) "cheese farm". However, some of the names are of Roman or early post-Roman origin. In this case, wich is a Latin word vicus "city", and the city itself seems to have been a trading point. On the coastline, the suffix wick is often interpreted by the Scandinavian origin, meaning "bay" or "entance" (Lerwick (Scotland)). All these factors must be taken into consideration when interpreting place names, which is very important when working with text in the course of British studies. Geographical names, of course, have a stable correspondence in all the world languages (which is conditioned primarily by geographic and cartographic needs), but the associations connected with some objects are part of the national culture and sometimes may be unknown outside it. Further research may deepen the study of proper names interpretation and help to use of the obtained information in the course of British studies

Alessandra Ferreira Castilho da Costa, José da Silva Simões

O presente trabalho discute diferentes estratégias de retextualização no processo de tradução de um texto acadêmico, especialmente no caso de transposição de um gênero mais próximo à oralidade a outro, mais próximo da escrituralidade. A edição crítica em português que incorpora estas estratégias de retextualização é desenvolvida tomando como base não só a primeira edição do manual didático-científico Textlinguistik de Eugenio Coseriu, fixada em alemão por Albrecht a partir de gravações em áudio de aulas ministradas por Coseriu em 1977/78, como também as edições em italiano e espanhol. Neste trabalho, diferentes estratégias de verbalização que permitem o deslocamento do texto em direção à escrituralidade são ilustradas e fundamentadas teoricamente, segundo os pressupostos teóricos do modelo de Tradições Discursivas, de base coseriana, que entende a língua como um diassistema de textos e variedades linguísticas localizadas no contínuo de oralidade e escrituralidade.

Birkett, Tom

Larisa Nikitina, Zuraidah Binti Mohd Don, Sau Cheong Loh

This study focuses on stereotypes about Germany, its culture and people, held by learners of German in a big public university in Malaysia. It examines not only the stereotypical representations of the target language country but also assesses its favourability and salience, which has not been done previously. The findings revealed that the students' stereotypes about Germany were varied and diverse. Also, they were overwhelmingly positive. The top three salient categories of images about Germany were related to technology, famous personalities - for the most part football players and scientists - and cars. The findings also indicated that very few references had been made to German culture and to its great cultural figures. The results of the present study suggest that students could benefit from a wider and deeper exposure to German culture in the language classroom.

Stöckl Hartmut

Jaroslav Kovář

Domasch Silke

Theo J.D. Bothma, Sven Tarp

Until recently, lexicography and information science could rightly be considered two disciplines which had developed along parallel lines but with no or very little formal relation between them. Although the two disciplines developed in almost complete isolation from each other, during the last few years it has nevertheless become increasingly clear that they have a lot in common. This trend began within lexicography which started viewing lexicographical works as a special kind of tool designed to be consulted in order to obtain information. Upon this basis, it has been suggested that lexicography should be considered a part of information science and, hence, integrated into it (cf. e.g. Bergenholtz and Bothma 2012, Tarp 2009). It is evident that this integration of two hitherto independent disciplines with long traditions of their own is not something to be solved overnight and neither can it be a unilateral process. This article will explore the concept of relevance in both disciplines in more detail and show, at the hand of examples from lexicographical tools, how the theoretical frameworks of both disciplines can complement one another. This will be done within the framework of the function theory of lexicography, as discussed in the many works of Tarp and Bergenholtz (e.g. Bergenholtz and Tarp 2002) and others, and relevance theory in information science as defined by Saracevic (1975, 1996), Cosijn and Ingwersen (2000) and others.

Michaël Abecassis

Gabriele Stein is professor of English linguistics at the University of Heidelberg in Germany and has published widely on lexicography and lexicology. The objective of this book is twofold: to compile a lexical core and to maximise the skills of language students by developing ways of expanding this core. It is intended to function as a teaching aid for teachers of English as well as a self-study book for learners of English as a second language. Lexical knowledge is a crucial part of language acquisition and depends on different external factors such as the age and profession of the learner, his/her goals, expectations and needs in learning a language. Beck et al. (2002) have demonstrated the small extent of the emphasis on the acquisition vocabulary in school curricula. <br />

Reimann Sandra

Torsten Leuschner