Hasil untuk "America"

S. Billinger, R. Arena, J. Bernhardt et al.

Camille E. Powe, Michele K Evans, J. Wenger et al.

N. Chalasani, Z. Younossi, J. Lavine et al.

Jeffrey R. Garber, R. Cobin, H. Gharib et al.

D. Budnitz, M. Lovegrove, Nadine Shehab et al.

G. Saposnik, F. Barinagarrementería, Robert D. Brown et al.

E. Moghissi, M. Korytkowski, Monica Dinardo et al.

People with diabetes are more likely to be hospitalized and to have longer durations of hospital stay than those without diabetes. A recent survey estimated that 22% of all hospital inpatient days were incurred by people with diabetes and that hospital inpatient care accounted for half of the 174 billion USD total U.S. medical expenditures for this disease (1). These findings are due, in part, to the continued expansion of the worldwide epidemic of type 2 diabetes. In the U.S. alone, there are ∼1.6 million new cases of diabetes each year, with an over all prevalence of 23.6 million people (7.8% of the population, with one-fourth of the cases remaining undiagnosed). An additional 57 million American adults are at high risk for type 2 diabetes (2). Although the costs of illness-related stress hyperglycemia are not known, they are likely to be considerable in light of the poor prognosis of such patients (3–6). There is substantial observational evidence linking hyperglycemia in hospitalized patients (with or without diabetes) to poor outcomes. Cohort studies as well as a few early randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have suggested that intensive treatment of hyperglycemia improved hospital outcomes (5–8). In 2004, this evidence led the American College of Endocrinology (ACE) and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE), in collaboration with the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and other medical organizations, to develop recommendations for treatment of inpatient hyperglycemia (9). In 2005, the ADA added recommendations for treatment of hyperglycemia in the hospitalto itsannual Standards of Medical Care (10). Recommendations from the ACE and the ADA generally endorsed tight glycemic control in critical care units. For patients in general medical and surgical units, where RCT evidence regarding treatment targets was lacking, glycemic goals similar to those advised for outpatients were advocated (9, …

J. Arnett

G. Garcia‐Tsao, A. Sanyal, N. Grace et al.

N. Congdon, Benita J. O’Colmain, C. Klaver et al.

Joshua Aronson, Carrie B. Fried, C. Good

A. Cherlin

Toby Charkin

Editorial Staff Jane S. Diamond, MPH, Managing Editor, Atlanta Patricia K. Reichert, Assistant Managing Editor, Atlanta Lesley W. Allen, Senior Manuscript Editor, Atlanta Patricia L. Mabley, Manuscript Editor, Atlanta Kristin W. Mitchell, Manuscript Editor, Atlanta Emily W. Wehby, MA, Manuscript Editor, Atlanta Michael Weinberg, MA, Manuscript Editor, Atlanta Joshua J. Reynolds, Editorial Coordinator, Atlanta Brittany Swett, Editorial Assistant, New Haven Carolyn Roth, Senior Production Editor, Boston Editor Richard J. Bucala, MD, PhD Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven

Toni Morrison

A. Boulton, A. I. Vinik, J. Arezzo et al.

J. Bennett, D. Catovsky, M. Daniel et al.

M. Harris, K. Flegal, C. Cowie et al.

Diana Taylor

C. Bell

I. Bernstein