Hasil untuk "Nutrition. Foods and food supply"

C. Zörb, M. Senbayram, E. Peiter

J. Fahey, B. Lewis

S. Dakhili, Leyla Abdolalizadeh, S. M. Hosseini et al.

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa willd.) is an annual herbaceous flowering plant showing appropriate nutritional and functional properties due to its high quality protein with a wide amino acid spectrum, particularly rich in lysine. The mature quinoa seed predominantly consists of 11S-type globulin called chenopodin, comprising about 37% of the total protein, and also 2S albumin accounting for 35% of the seed protein both stabilized through disulfide bridges. Moreover, quinoa seed contains low concentration of prolamins (0.5-7% of total protein) making it suitable for patients with celiac disease. Different enzymatic, chemical and physical modification methods also can influence the structural and finally nutritional and functional properties of protein isolate. Consequently, considering appropriate nutritional and functional properties of quinoa protein, it can be considered as a good candidate to supply human food products.

C. Golden, ©. WorldFish, S. Myers et al.

Junmou Li, Zhenwei Wang, Xuerong Sun et al.

ObjectivesThis study aims to explore the correlation between the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and all-cause mortality in patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke (IS).MethodsA single-center retrospective cohort study was conducted at Dandong Central Hospital, enrolling 1,152 consecutive patients with IS who were discharged from January to December 2024. Multivariate Cox regression models, subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis were employed to investigate the association between the PNI and all-cause mortality.ResultsDuring a median follow-up period of 14.23 months, a total of 96 (8.3%) patients experienced all-cause mortality. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that after adjusting for multiple confounding factors, each 1-unit increase in PNI was associated with an 8.5% reduction in all-cause mortality risk (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.915, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.883–0.947, p < 0.001), each 1-standard deviation increase was associated with a 40.1% reduction in all-cause mortality risk (HR = 0.599, p < 0.001). Compared with the lowest PNI quartile (Q1, PNI ≤ 44.16), the Q2 (PNI: 44.16–44.75) had a 54.1% lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 0.459, p = 0.004), the Q3 (PNI: 44.75–51.30) had a 56.4% lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 0.436, p = 0.007), the Q4 (PNI > 51.30) had a 72.6% lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 0.274, p < 0.001). Multiple subgroup and sensitivity analyses further confirmed the robustness of these associations. Stratified analyses based on various cutoff values of PNI uniformly demonstrated that patients with higher PNI levels had a notably reduced risk of all-cause mortality compared to those with lower PNI levels. ROC curve analysis indicated that PNI had favorable predictive value for all-cause mortality (overall population, AUC = 0.710; male, AUC = 0.720; female, AUC = 0.703; all p < 0.001). Kaplan–Meier survival curve analysis revealed significant differences in cumulative all-cause mortality risk among different PNI groups, with higher PNI levels correlating with lower cumulative mortality risk (Log-rank p < 0.001).ConclusionThe PNI establishes itself as an independent prognostic biomarker in IS patients, with higher levels correlating with a lower all-cause mortality risk.

Derya Ozalp Unal

Acrylamide (AA), a heat-induced compound classified as a probable carcinogen, is commonly formed in plant-based baked goods and chips through the Maillard reaction. As the demand for healthier and more sustainable food production increases, innovative and natural solutions for acrylamide reduction have gained significant attention. This chapter explores the role of fermentation in reducing acrylamide levels, the impact of different starter cultures and fermentation parameters on acrylamide precursors, and the sensory quality improvements associated with this process. Furthermore, sensory analysis results are examined to assess consumer acceptance, providing valuable insights for industrial applications. By highlighting fermentation as a sustainable technology that enhances food safety and sensory attributes, this chapter aims to contribute to the scientific literature and support the development of safer, high-quality food products.

H. Aiking

Guy Crosby

Ziling Yang, Jinming Zhang, Yajuan Zheng

ObjectiveAlthough numerous studies have substantiated the neuroprotective effects of vitamin B6 on the optic nerve and its enhancement of visual function, comprehensive data delineating the correlation between vitamin B6 and glaucoma at a national demographic scale remain insufficient. This study is designed to explore the link between the dietary consumption of vitamin B6 and glaucoma.MethodsThis study included 3,850 individuals aged 40 and older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), spanning 2005–2008. Dietary consumption of vitamin B6 was calculated from the average of two 24-h dietary recall interviews. Glaucoma was diagnosed in accordance with the established Rotterdam criteria. To evaluate the relationship between vitamin B6 dietary consumption and the risk of glaucoma, we employed Restricted Cubic Splines and weighted multivariable logistic regression analysis. We employed stratified and three other sensitivity analyses to confirm the robustness of our results, and conducted a preliminary exploration of the potential association between vitamin B6 supplement consumption and glaucoma risk.ResultsAfter adjusting for covariates, we found a significant inverse correlation between dietary consumption of vitamin B6 and glaucoma risk (pnon-linearity = 0.18; p for trend = 0.02). Stratified analysis and three other sensitivity analyses revealed stability in the outcomes (all p for interaction>0.05). Compared to the lowest quartile of consumption (≤1.23 mg/day), individuals in the highest quartile of vitamin B6 consumption (>2.34 mg/day) experienced a 75% reduction in glaucoma risk (OR = 0.25, 95% CI 0.07–0.92). However, the effect of vitamin B6 supplements on glaucoma was inconclusive.ConclusionA diet high in vitamin B6 inversely correlates with glaucoma risk, suggesting that increasing dietary intake of vitamin B6 could be a viable preventative strategy against glaucoma among adults in the United States.

Cathy Rozel Farnworth, Thanammal Ravichandran, Alessandra Galiè

Mulukanoor Women’s Dairy Cooperative (Mulukanoor Dairy) in India has been run by women for women since 2002. From the beginning it created strategies to empower women members, including mixing milk provided by the marginalized caste with milk from other castes; paying women exclusively for milk; providing technical training to women; and seating women together in training and governance events. Caste norms are not observed in these interactions. This article examines the effectiveness of Mulukanoor Dairy’s strategies for overcoming gender and caste disadvantage through empirical research. We hypothesized that if women members of Mulukanoor Dairy had become empowered over the past 20 years we should be able to see evidence for this in the form of women’s empowerment in relation to dairy decision-making at intra-household level. And if caste divisions had been largely overcome we should observe collegial relationships among women of different castes, and similar levels of women’s empowerment at intra-household level regardless of caste. Research was carried out in four villages provisioning Mulukanoor Dairy through focus group discussions with women members of Mulukanoor Dairy, and men spouses of different women members. In total 21 women and 23 men participated. FGDs were sex-and caste disaggregated. The introduction of a new sorghum forage, CoFS-29, provided the entry point to start talking about gender and caste norms. The findings show a remarkable transition of the dairy industry from elite non-marginalized caste men to marginalized and non-marginalized women. Caste norms have changed within the safe space of Mulukanoor Dairy and to a limited extent in the community. A new norm has been instituted that marginalized caste women are dairy farmers. Women across caste experience considerable decision-making power over milk and dairy income. However, men remain primary decision-makers over whether forage is grown. Men engage with key dairy chain actors. Knowledge on new technologies is passed only within castes, and mostly between persons of the same gender. Over the process of knowledge transmission, knowledge networks become increasingly masculinized. Knowledge networks are stronger among non-marginalized men who are best able to make use of new technologies.

Dian Wahyu Wardani, Andriati Ningrum, Manikharda et al.

The protein hydrolysate that contains bioactive peptides of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) skin collagen with antioxidant activity has been successfully studied by using in silico and in vitro assays. We found that using the in silico assessment, the antioxidant peptides can be found from the precursor (type I α1 and α2 collagen of yellowfin tuna). Applying papain as a protease will also provide the greatest degree of hydrolysis for antioxidative peptides. The highest peptide rank peptides sequence such as Pro-Trp-Gly (PWG), Pro-His-Gly (PHG), His-Leu (HL), Ile-Arg (IR), Ala-His (AH), Glu-Leu (EL) that predicted using papain in silico. Molecular docking analysis showed all peptides derived from yellowfin tuna have hindered the substrate to access the active site of myeloperoxidase (MPO). Interestingly, the substitution of the amino acid from His (PHG, 7.1 kcal/mol) to Trp (PWG, 8.0 kcal/mol) has increased the affinity of the peptide towards MPO. They have antioxidative activities used in silico approach to MPO enzyme. We also confirm the in vitro assays for the protein hydrolysate after proteolysis using papain. The concentration and hydrolysis time will give influence the degree of hydrolysis, and antioxidant activities (P < 0.05). In conclusion, hydrolysate protein of type I α1 and α2 collagen from yellowfin tuna produced by papain hydrolysis has the potential to be used in food, active packaging material until health applications..

Apichai Wattanapisit, Sarawut Lapmanee, Sirawee Chaovalit et al.

Background: This systematic review aimed to summarize and evaluate the prevalence of physical activity (PA) counseling in primary care. Methods: Five databases (CINAHL Complete, Embase, Medline, PsycInfo, and Web of Science) were searched. Primary epidemiological studies on PA counseling in primary care were included. The Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist for studies reporting prevalence data was used to assess the quality of studies. The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021284570). Results: After duplicate removal, 4990 articles were screened, and 120 full-text articles were then assessed. Forty studies were included, with quality assessment scores ranging from 5/9 to 9/9. The pooled prevalence of PA counseling based on 35 studies (199830 participants) was 37.9% (95% CI 31.2 to 44.6). The subgroup analyses showed that the prevalence of PA counseling was 33.1% (95% CI: 22.6 to 43.7) in females (10 studies), 32.1% (95% CI: 22.6 to 41.7) in males (10 studies), 65.5% (95% CI: 5.70 to 74.1) in people with diabetes mellitus (6 studies), 41.6% (95% CI: 34.9 to 48.3) in people with hypertension (5 studies), and 56.8% (95% CI: 31.7 to 82.0) in people with overweight or obesity (5 studies). All meta-analyses showed high levels of heterogeneity (I2=93% to 100%). Conclusion: The overall prevalence of PA counseling in primary care was low. The high levels of heterogeneity suggest variability in the perspectives and practices of PA counseling in primary care. PA counseling should be standardized to ensure its optimum effectiveness in primary care.

Jaime Fabián Vera Chang, Jorge Ismael Benavides Vera, Luis Humberto Vásquez Cortez et al.

En el mundo se producen 7,5 millones de toneladas de chocolate, y el 64 % se consume como chocolate relleno. En el año 2012, la Unión Europea indico los niveles de cadmio no debían superar los 0,8 mg kg-1 en productos con una base de   pasta de cacao del 70 %. El propósito de esta investigación fue evaluar la efectividad de Rhizobium japonicum en la disminución de cadmio presente en semillas de cacao. Por lo cual, se aplicó tres concentraciones de Rhizobium japonicum 0 ml, 300 ml y 600 ml por cada dos kilos de masa fresca de cacao variedad Trinitario, para la fermentación se aplicó dos métodos por Rohan y hieleras en dos fincas (Los Ríos y Guayas). Se utilizó un diseño completamente al Azar Trifactorial (12 tratamientos y 2 repeticiones), evaluándose 24 semillas en total, las variables de calidad en la semilla evaluadas fueron: pH, temperatura, porcentaje de fermentación, índice de semilla, prueba de testa y cotiledón. El análisis sensorial se determinó mediante un panel de catadores semientrenados, para el análisis de cadmio se realizó con digestión ácido nitro perclórica por espectrometría de ICP OES. Durante la fermentación existió un aumento creciente del pH (3,6 - 4,2), temperatura (27 - 40,2 °C), el índice de semilla presentó el mayor promedio en el T5 (1,65 g), el contenido de cadmio disminuyó en un 79 %, por el método de fermentación en hieleras en la provincia de Los Ríos y un 78 %, por el método de fermentación en cajas Rohan en la provincia del Guayas.

A. Martínez-López, M. Millán-Linares, N. M. Rodríguez-Martín et al.

Abstract Amaranthus caudatus L. (Amaranthaceae), commonly known as kiwicha, is considered as one of the few multipurpose pseudocereal crops which supply higher nutritional seeds in huge quantities. A. caudatus is rich source of proteins, β-carotene, vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber. Amaranth starch is of promising use by its high solubility and digestibility, compared to wheat, rice, and oat, seeds of amaranths are gluten-free and contain 30% more protein with complete set of amino acid, offering new possibilities for food processing, pharmacology, and cosmetics. In addition to its nutritional value, several studies have highlighted the importance of this A. caudatus as potential sources of biologically active compounds with anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic, and anti-hypercholesterolemic effects and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Therefore, the introduction in the diet of A. caudatus seeds could be associated with health promotion and prevention of diseases.

Shuyu Liu, Yue Li, Shaobo Fu et al.

A scientific food emergency supply system is helpful for assuring food supplies continuity, improving response efficiency, and reducing disaster losses. However, the framework for a food emergency supply system is currently an understudied area in emergency management post-disaster. In this study, a comprehensive literature review of major databases was performed to identify potential indicators for the emergency food supply system, followed by a two-round modified Delphi with a multidisciplinary expert panel (n = 17) to verify the proposed framework. The effective response rate of questionnaires ranged from 94.4% (17/18) to 100% (17/17) and the authority coefficient of experts was 0.88, indicating high positivity and reliability of the experts. Furthermore, the p-values of Kendall’s W were < 0.01 and the Cronbach’s α were > 0.7 for all domains and indicators, indicating a high reliability and validity for the proposed framework. Finally, a consensus was reached on all eight domains and 81 indicators. In conclusion, this study introduced and verified a multidisciplinary framework for the food emergency supply system, which could provide a theoretical basis for emergency responders to make corresponding commands and decisions post-disaster.

Carolina Gutierrez, Christine Alysse von Glascoe, Miriam Bertran et al.

Traditional foods, once central to the diets of different cultures, are losing relevance as knowledge about food and its natural ecosystem deteriorates. This qualitative study describes the traditional food system of a Kumiai community in Baja California, and the ways in which the Kumiai have continually adapted their use and management of wild food resources to different food culture influences, demographic changes and contemporary food preferences. Present-day Kumiai recognize that their traditional diet was more nutritious and more connected with nature than their current diet, and express concern over transmitting existing knowledge about it to younger generations. We conclude that the characteristics of the Kumiai traditional food system not only strengthen their cultural identity and community economies, but also present potential solutions to the problem of food system sustainability by way of wild food resource management, as well as containing elements of a strategy for improving the health of community members.

Ashenafi Hailu Shekuru, Arega Bazezew Berlie, Yechale Kebede Bizuneh

This study was conducted to examine rural household livelihood strategies and diet diversification in North Shewa Administrative Zone (NSAZ), Central Ethiopia. A total of 372 family heads took part in the study. They were selected through multistage sampling procedure. Data collection took place from February to March 2020 using Questionnaire, Focused Group Discussions (FGDs) plus Key Informant Interviews (KIIs).The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and binary logistic regression model. The finding showed that rural households who diversified their livelihood strategies by combining agriculture with at least one of the activities outside agriculture make up only about 31.20% of the respondents. Out of eight baskets of food items (legumes, nuts and seeds; cereals; vegetables; fruits; milk and milk products; oils and fats; eggs and meat) considered to calculate Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS), only 22.60% of the sampled households consumed ≥4 baskets of food items within a 24 h recall period. The remaining 77.40% of the studied households consumed <4 baskets of food items and as such, they were subjected to dietary inadequacy. Results obtained from one-way between-groups analysis of variance revealed a statistically acceptable variation in the mean HDDS at p < 0.01 level among farming, non-farming and both farming plus non-farming rural household livelihood groups [F (2, 369) = 20.94, p = 0.00]. Binary logistic regression model also showed that age of a rural family head, labour size in the household, farm size, livestock possession, extension contact, market distance and access to credit are important predictors for diversification of rural household livelihood strategies. Policymakers and stakeholders should consider these variables while designing intervention mechanisms.

Julia Knaggs, J. Ross Pruitt, Lindsay Anderson et al.

Abstract Consumers are known to signal social status through their purchasing behaviors. As the food industry continually expands its use of strategic marketing to reach customers, understanding food’s connection to this kind of status signaling may open the door to explore new markets for farmers. This study explored the influence of social status, physical activity, and socio-demographics on an individual’s willingness to pay for a basket of high-quality organic foods. Over 3 days, participants had their physical activity measured by a pedometer, and they were randomly assigned to a social status condition and subsequently placed bids for the organic food basket using a second-price auction to measure their willingness to pay. High-status individuals were publicly recognized in order to test our hypothesis that individuals will not be motivated to pay more for an organic food basket than low-status counterparts when they have already received recognition for their high status. The results showed that on average non-students were willing to pay significantly more for an organic food basket than student counterparts. Hispanic and Asian shoppers were willing to pay more for an organic food basket than White counterparts. However, physical activity had no significant impact on willingness to pay. Ultimately, our hypothesis was confirmed that recognizing high-status individuals eliminated or reduced the need to showcase social status through higher bids for the organic food baskets.

Anna Turesson Wadell, Linnea Bärebring, Erik Hulander et al.

BackgroundPatients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), who suffer from impaired physical function and fatigue, may have difficulties with grocery shopping and preparing meals. Also, to improve symptoms, patients often experiment with diets but seldom consult a dietitian. Although this could lead to a nutritiously deprived diet, an up-to-date, thorough description of the nutrient intake in Swedish patients with RA is absent. Here, we investigated the habitual dietary energy and nutrient intake in patients with RA living in southwestern Sweden.Materials and MethodsThree-day food records performed at two time points during the ADIRA (Anti-inflammatory Diet In Rheumatoid Arthritis) trial, were used. The intake of energy and nutrients was analyzed using The Swedish Food Composition Database.ResultsA total of 62 participants (50 females, 12 males) were included in the study, where 18 participants completed one 3-day food record and 44 participants completed two 3-day food records. Median (IQR) intake of total fat was above or in the upper range of recommendations (females: 37.1 [32.5, 41.7] energy percent (E%), and males: 40.3 [37.5, 42.9] E%). Median (IQR) intake of saturated fatty acids exceeded recommendations (females: 14.9 [12.5, 17.0] E% and males: 15.4 [12.2, 17.0] E%), while median (IQR) carbohydrate and fiber intakes were below recommendations (females: 41.7 [36.3, 45.4] E% and 17.2 [12.8, 20.9] g, respectively, and males: 38.8 [35.2, 40,3] E% and 18.5 [15.7, 21.0] g, respectively). The reported intake of other macronutrients was in line with recommendations. For several micronutrients, e.g., vitamin A and D, folate, and calcium, median intake was below recommended intake. Vitamin A intake was especially low and did not reach lower intake level (LI) for 14 and 17% of females and males, respectively. For females, about 10% did not reach LI for vitamin D, calcium, and riboflavin.ConclusionWe found that patients with RA residing in southwestern Sweden reported a high intake of saturated fatty acids and low intake of fiber and several micronutrients.Clinical Trial Registration[https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02941055?term=NCT02941055&amp;draw=2&amp;rank=1], identifier [NCT02941055].