Hasil untuk "Islam. Bahai Faith. Theosophy, etc."

Abdullah Ahmed Al-Beqali

يهدف هذا البحث من حيث المضمون إلى دراسة مفهوم الحال من زاوية مهمة تعد من أكثر جوانبها إثارة للإشكال ذلك هو جانب تقاطعها مع قانون الثالث المرفوع، وهذا ما أحوج إلى الإحاطة في بحثها بخمس محاور: الأول: القائلون بالحال وقيمة المسألة عند جمهور المتكلمين. الثاني: قانون الثالث المرفوع عند القائلين بالحال. الثالث: مفهوم الحال وأنواعها. الرابع: تحرير مستويات الخلاف بين مثبتيها ونفاتها. والخامس: منشأ غموض مفهوم الحال ودواعي القول بها. والهدف الأهم من المواقف الخمسة سد الباب نهائيا أمام كل محاولة تسعى لتوظيف الحال في إلصاق التنظير لخرق قانون الثالث المرفوع بالمتكلمين، وحل ما يمكن من جوانبها المشكلة وحيثياتها الغامضة، أما من جهة المنهج فقد ماشت المقالة أركان المنهج الكلامي بما يقوم عليه من استنباط وجدل، ومن أهم نتائج هذا البحث: إضافة قسم ثالث إلى أنواع الحال، تقويم الاختلاف في قضية الحال إلى ثلاث مستويات بعضها لفظي وبعضها حقيقي، التأكيد أن قضية الحال لا علاقة لها حتى عند القائلين بها بخرق مبدأ الثالث المرفوع.

Nazma Islam, Koji Mukai, Maurice A. Leutenegger et al.

Non-magnetic Cataclysmic Variables (CVs) show two distinct X-ray components: a hard, optically thin component and a soft, optically thick, blackbody-like component, both produced in the boundary layer between the accretion disk and the White Dwarf (WD). An additional soft component originating from a more extended region has been reported in few CVs. In a short Chandra exposure, we identified a tentative X-ray eclipse in UU Aqr, a non-magnetic CV which shows deep optical eclipses. Using observations with the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) and the XMM-Newton, we detect total eclipses in the orbital intensity profiles of this system in the hard X-ray band (3-10 keV with XMM and 3-25 keV with NuSTAR). However, the soft X-ray band (0.3-2.0 keV) shows no evidence of an eclipse. Detailed eclipse modeling, energy-resolved power spectral analysis and broadband spectral modeling indicate that the hard absorbed X-ray emission originates from a compact region near the WD, such as a boundary layer, while the soft, unabsorbed and un-eclipsed X-ray emission originates in an extended region. Neither scattering of hard X-rays nor colliding winds can account for the observed un-eclipsed soft emission. We instead propose that this component is produced by shocks within vertically extended, radiatively driven accretion-disk winds. We also provide new estimates on the emitting regions, mass and radius of the WD and the donor star using eclipse modeling.

Mijanur Islam, Mahan Mohseni, Ibsal Assi et al.

Semiconductor-s-type superconductor nanowires host spinful fermions and cannot be reduced to a single spinless Kitaev chain hosting single Majorana zero mode. Instead, such systems can be converted into two coupled p-wave Kitaev-like chains associated with different spin sectors. Using the bond Fermion transformation and exact diagonalization, we analyze parity resolved spectra and local spectral functions, demonstrating that zero-energy modes strongly localized at the system boundaries emerge only in one effective chain. Inter-chain coupling lifts parity degeneracy and redistributes the low-energy spectral weight, providing a controlled framework to assess the stability of Majorana-like modes in the finite spinful nanowires.

Niful Islam, Ragib Shahriar Ayon, Deepak George Thomas et al.

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized intelligent application development. While standalone LLMs cannot perform any actions, LLM agents address the limitation by integrating tools. However, debugging LLM agents is difficult and costly as the field is still in it's early stage and the community is underdeveloped. To understand the bugs encountered during agent development, we present the first comprehensive study of bug types, root causes, and effects in LLM agent-based software. We collected and analyzed 1,187 bug-related posts and code snippets from Stack Overflow, GitHub, and Hugging Face forums, focused on LLM agents built with seven widely used LLM frameworks as well as custom implementations. For a deeper analysis, we have also studied the component where the bug occurred, along with the programming language and framework. This study also investigates the feasibility of automating bug identification. For that, we have built a ReAct agent named BugReAct, equipped with adequate external tools to determine whether it can detect and annotate the bugs in our dataset. According to our study, we found that BugReAct equipped with Gemini 2.5 Flash achieved a remarkable performance in annotating bug characteristics with an average cost of 0.01 USD per post/code snippet.

Mustafa Kılıçaslan

İsrâiloğulları ve Yahudilik üzerine yapılan çalışmaların sadece tarihsel boyuta odaklandığı görülmektedir. Bu durum, Kur’an’ın Benî İsrâîl, Kavm-i Mûsâ, Yehûd, Hâdû, Hûden, Ehl-i kitap ve Esbât gibi ayrımlarını göz ardı etmeye yol açmaktadır. Kur’an’ın İsrâiloğulları ve Yahudilerle ilgili anlatımlarını özdeş gruplardan bahsediliyormuş gibi yorumlamak, Kur’an’ın tarihi betimleyen hitabını ihmal etmeye sebep olmaktadır. Kur’an İbrâhim, İsmâil, İshâk, Ya‘kūb, Mûsâ, Dâvûd, Süleymân ve Esbât’ın Yahudi olmadığını, onlarla Yahudilik arasında bir ilişki olmadığını vurgulamıştır. Yahudi isimlendirmesi Ya‘kūb’un oğullarından Yahuda’ya nisbet edilmiş ve Mûsâ’dan asırlar sonra İsrâiloğulları’nın dinini belirtmek üzere Yahudilik ifadesi kullanılmıştır. Yahudilik, esas olarak Yahudalıların dinine işaret eden bir isim olarak değerlendirilmelidir. Kur’an’ın Yahudilerle İsrâiloğulları’nı hitap tercihleriyle birbirinden ayırması, Mekkî-Medenî âyetlerin içeriğini şekillendirmiştir. İsrâiloğulları’nın tarihinden bahseden âyetler Mekkî sûrelerde yer almış ve Mekke’deki Arap toplumuna ve Müslümanlara bir mesaj olarak sunulmuştur. Bu çalışma, Kur’an’daki bu ayrımları ve hitap tercihlerini analiz ederek İsrâiloğulları ve Yahudilik kavramlarının Kur’an’da nasıl farklı bağlamlarda kullanıldığını ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır.

Dhandeep Challagundla, Venkata Krishna Vamsi Sundarapu, Ignatius Bezzam et al.

Phase Frequency Detectors (PFDs) are essential components in Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) and Delay-Locked Loop (DLL) systems, responsible for comparing phase and frequency differences and generating up/down signals to regulate charge pumps and/or, consequently, Voltage-Controlled Oscillators (VCOs). Conventional PFD designs often suffer from significant dead zones and blind zones, which degrade phase detection accuracy and increase jitter in high-speed applications. This paper addresses PFD design challenges and presents a novel low-power True Single-Phase Clock (TSPC)-based PFD. The proposed design eliminates the blind zone entirely while achieving a minimal dead zone of 40 ps. The proposed PFD, implemented using TSMC 28 nm technology, demonstrates a low-power consumption of 4.41 uW at 3 GHz input frequency with a layout area of $10.42μm^2$.

Mohd Ruhul Ameen, Akif Islam, Abu Saleh Musa Miah et al.

Teaching complex machine learning concepts such as reinforcement learning and Markov Decision Processes remains challenging in engineering education. Students often struggle to connect abstract mathematics to real-world applications. We present LearnML@Cricket, a 12-week curriculum that uses cricket analytics to teach these concepts through practical, hands-on examples. By mapping game scenarios directly to ML algorithms, students learn through doing rather than memorizing. Our curriculum includes coding laboratories, real datasets, and immediate application to engineering problems. We propose an empirical study to measure whether this approach improves both understanding and practical implementation skills compared to traditional teaching methods.

Bismillah Khan, Syed Ali Tariq, Tehseen Zia et al.

Deep learning models in computer vision have made remarkable progress, but their lack of transparency and interpretability remains a challenge. The development of explainable AI can enhance the understanding and performance of these models. However, existing techniques often struggle to provide convincing explanations that non-experts easily understand, and they cannot accurately identify models' intrinsic decision-making processes. To address these challenges, we propose to develop a counterfactual explanation (CE) model that balances plausibility and faithfulness. This model generates easy-to-understand visual explanations by making minimum changes necessary in images without altering the pixel data. Instead, the proposed method identifies internal concepts and filters learned by models and leverages them to produce plausible counterfactual explanations. The provided explanations reflect the internal decision-making process of the model, thus ensuring faithfulness to the model.

Masaki Kashiwara, Myungho Kim, Se-jin Oh et al.

The braid group action on the bosonic extension of the quantum group has been introduced in recent works, and it can be regarded as a generalization of Lusztig's symmetries on the quantum group. In this notes, we prove the faithfulness of this braid group action.

Nona Moylina, Muhammad Kambali, eko mardiaynto

This study aims to answer the problem of whether there is an influence of religious understanding on public interest in Islamic Financial Institutions. This type of research is Quantitative research. Primary data were collected with a closed questionnaire with a liket scale. The number of respondents used was 399 respondents who were spread proportionally with the Cluster Sampling Technique. The data is then analyzed using statistical methods starting with conducting validity tests, reality tests, linearity tests, normality tests then determining regression models, T tests and Determination Coefficient Tests. The results of this study show that there is a significant influence of religious understanding variables on public interest. This is indicated by the calculated T value of 27.709 and the Sig. value of 0.000. So that the value of t is calculated > t table which is 27.709 > 1.649 and the value of Sig. which is 0.000 < 0.05. The amount of influence of this religious understanding variable was obtained by 64.5% while the remaining 35.5% was influenced by other variables. The results of this study help financial industry stakeholders to continue to improve socialization and community literacy in Islamic finance. The results of this research are also a strong basis for strengthening cooperation between stakeholders in the Islamic finance industry and religious leaders.

Kun Hidayat, Lutfianto Lutfianto, Betty Mauli Rosa Bustam et al.

The approach of Koran translation using Javanese literature needs to be represented in order to increase the potential for better acceptance of Koran translation by the Javanese community. The purpose of this study is to represent some Qur'anic verses to be translated using several types of tembang macapat, including tembang pangkur, tembang maskumambang, tembang dhandhanggula, and tembang megatruh. The method in this study uses a descriptive qualitative type of Koran verses that have been translated into Javanese based on the rules of tembang macapat, to then be analyzed using a content analysis approach to the rules in tembang macapat, as well as the suitability of the rules of guru gatra, guru lagu, and guru wilangan. The results of this research become one of the alternatives to the representation of how the Koran is translated into tembang macapat, as when translated it needs to contain a translation that does not violate the core meaning of the verse, and Javanese grammar that conforms to the level of use of krama and ngoko language, but still follows the rules of guru gatra, guru lagu, and guru wilangan in each type of tembang macapat.

Abdur Rosyid, Sri Lumatus Sa`adah, Muhammad Faisol

A child in general is someone who is not yet an adult or not married, and it is not possible for a child who is under this age to carry out legal actions by himself. For all legal actions, a child is under the authority of a guardian. The legal practice for the determination of legal guardianship for people who are Muslims according to the rules of law legislation is carried out in the Religious Court. The legal source of legal regulations regarding guardianship is regulated by Law No. 01 of 1974 concerning Marriage Chapter XI Guardianship Article 50 paragraph (1), namely the proposed child who has not reached the age of 18 years and is also regulated in Presidential Instruction No. 01 of 1991 Compilation of Islamic Law, namely in Chapter XV Guardianship Article 107 paragraph (1), namely the proposed child guardianship who has not reached the age of 21 years. The differences in legal regulations like this, create problems and do not implement the objectives of the law, namely the emergence of legal uncertainty (Contra Legal Certainty). This research uses Normative research (Normative Juridical). Namely using a statutory approach this approach is carried out by examining legislation and also an approach by examining cases or decisions of the Religious Court relating to Guardianship.

Safdhinar Muhammad An Noor, Arisy Abror Dzukroni, Nasrullah Nasrullah et al.

This article contends that the principle of mu'âsyaroh bil ma'rûf has been inadequately interpreted, primarily due to its frequent application solely to men, resulting in the neglect and discrimination against women in conceptual formulation and validation. By positioning both men and women as equal participants in defining maqâshid al-syarî'ah, a fairer understanding of mu'asyaraoh bil ma'ruf can be achieved. This qualitative research seeks to redefine the interpretation of mu'âsyarah bil ma'rûf in the Qur'an through the Maqâshid Syarî'ah cum-Mubâdalah approach, integrating the critical concept of mashâlih al-'ibâd in kulliyât al-khams and the Mubâdalah perspective. The Maqâshid al-Syarî'ah cum-Mubâdalah methodology entails merging Maqâshid al-Syarî'ah theory with a perspective emphasizing mutual respect between genders. This study adopts a library research methodology. The findings reveal that, through the Maqâshid al-Syarî'ah cum-Mubâdalah approach, it can be inferred that: 1) mu'asyarah bil ma'ruf extends beyond marital relations to encompass interactions that uphold human values for all individuals; 2) apart from hifdz al-nafs (preservation of life), mu'asyarah bil ma'ruf also encompasses other elements including hifdz al-din (preservation of religion), hifdz al-mal (preservation of wealth), hifdz al-'aql (preservation of intellect), and hifdz al-nasl (preservation of lineage); 3) adherence to the five elements of maqashid sharia is obligatory for both parties engaging in interactions, rather than being imposed solely on one party.

Islam Foniqi

We characterize twisted right-angled Artin groups (T-RAAGs) that are subgroup separable using only their defining mixed graphs: such a group is subgroup separable if and only if the underlying simplicial graph contains neither induced paths nor squares on four vertices. This generalizes the results of Metaftsis-Raptis on classical right-angled Artin groups. Additionally, we show that the subgroup membership problem is decidable when the group is coherent, which occurs precisely when the defining mixed graph is chordal. We also address the rational and submonoid membership problems by exhibiting a cone-family of graphs for which the corresponding T-RAAGs have decidable rational and submonoid membership problems.

Saidul Islam, Jamal Bentahar, Robin Cohen et al.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a critical, life-saving intervention aimed at restoring blood circulation and breathing in individuals experiencing cardiac arrest or respiratory failure. Accurate and real-time analysis of biomedical signals during CPR is essential for monitoring and decision-making, from the pre-hospital stage to the intensive care unit (ICU). However, CPR signals are often corrupted by noise and artifacts, making precise interpretation challenging. Traditional denoising methods, such as filters, struggle to adapt to the varying and complex noise patterns present in CPR signals. Given the high-stakes nature of CPR, where rapid and accurate responses can determine survival, there is a pressing need for more robust and adaptive denoising techniques. In this context, an unsupervised machine learning (ML) methodology is particularly valuable, as it removes the dependence on labeled data, which can be scarce or impractical in emergency scenarios. This paper introduces a novel unsupervised ML approach for denoising CPR signals using a multi-modality framework, which leverages multiple signal sources to enhance the denoising process. The proposed approach not only improves noise reduction and signal fidelity but also preserves critical inter-signal correlations (0.9993) which is crucial for downstream tasks. Furthermore, it outperforms existing methods in an unsupervised context in terms of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), making it highly effective for real-time applications. The integration of multi-modality further enhances the system's adaptability to various biomedical signals beyond CPR, improving both automated CPR systems and clinical decision-making.

Evelyn Yee, Alice Li, Chenyu Tang et al.

Large language models (LLMs) often improve their performance in downstream tasks when they generate Chain of Thought reasoning text before producing an answer. We investigate how LLMs recover from errors in Chain of Thought. Through analysis of error recovery behaviors, we find evidence for unfaithfulness in Chain of Thought, which occurs when models arrive at the correct answer despite invalid reasoning text. We identify factors that shift LLM recovery behavior: LLMs recover more frequently from obvious errors and in contexts that provide more evidence for the correct answer. Critically, these factors have divergent effects on faithful and unfaithful recoveries. Our results indicate that there are distinct mechanisms driving faithful and unfaithful error recoveries. Selective targeting of these mechanisms may be able to drive down the rate of unfaithful reasoning and improve model interpretability.

Tousif Islam, Gaurav Khanna, Scott E. Field

gwNRHME is a recently developed framework that seamlessly converts a multi-modal (i.e with several spherical harmonic modes) quasi-circular waveform into multi-modal eccentric waveform if the quadrupolar eccentric waveform is known. Here, we employ the gwNRHME framework to combine a multi-modal quasi-circular waveform model NRHybSur3dq8 and quadrupolar non-spinning eccentric waveform model EccentricIMR to construct multi-modal non-spinning eccentric model NRHybSur3dq8-gwNRHME. Using a total of 35 eccentric numerical relativity (NR) simulations obtained from the SXS and RIT catalogs, we demonstrate that NRHybSur3dq8-gwNRHME model predictions agree well with NR (with typical relative $L_2$ errors of ~0.01 for the dominant quadrupolar mode) for mass ratios $ 1 \leq q \leq 4$ and eccentricities up to ~0.2 measured about 10 cycles before the merger. To demonstrate the modularity of the gwNRHME framework, we further combine EccentricIMR with BHPTNRSur1dq1e4 model and develop a non-spinning eccentric models named BHPTNRSur1dq1e4-gwNRHME. Finally, we develop a different variant of these models by replacing EccentricIMR with EccentricTD. Both the gwNRHME framework and associated models are available through the gwModels package.

Januariani, Prim Masrokan, Imam Fuadi

This study aims to determine the implementation of service management in improving the quality of inclusive education. This research was conducted at SD Muhammadiyah 1 Tulungagung, SDI Al-Azhaar Tulungagung, and MI Modern SAKTI Tulungagung. This research uses a qualitative approach of the type of case study. The results showed that the management of inclusion education services was carried out by providing facilities and infrastructure in accordance with the needs of Students with Special Needs (PDBK), competent educators, modifying the curriculum and assessment system for PDBK, and creating a pleasant learning atmosphere. The implementation of service management in the three educational institutions has their own characteristics in accordance with the vision and mission of the school. Although there are different objectives, basically the objectives of education still refer to the quality standards specified in the applicable laws and regulations.

Faith Hawthorn, Daniel Bayliss, David J. Armstrong et al.

We present the discovery of an exoplanet transiting TOI-908 (TIC-350153977) using data from TESS sectors 1, 12, 13, 27, 28 and 39. TOI-908 is a T = 10.7 mag G-dwarf ($T_{eff}$ = 5626 $\pm$ 61 K) solar-like star with a mass of 0.950 $\pm$ 0.010 $M_{\odot}$ and a radius of 1.028 $\pm$ 0.030 $R_{\odot}$. The planet, TOI-908 b, is a 3.18 $\pm$ 0.16 $R_{\oplus}$ planet in a 3.18 day orbit. Radial velocity measurements from HARPS reveal TOI-908 b has a mass of approximately 16.1 $\pm$ 4.1 $M_{\oplus}$ , resulting in a bulk planetary density of 2.7+0.2-0.4 g cm-3. TOI-908 b lies in a sparsely-populated region of parameter space known as the Neptune desert. The planet likely began its life as a sub-Saturn planet before it experienced significant photoevaporation due to X-rays and extreme ultraviolet radiation from its host star, and is likely to continue evaporating, losing a significant fraction of its residual envelope mass.