L’attuale crisi della nozione di persona è più in generale crisi del fondamento della conoscenza umana, lì dove avendo rinunciato a una metafisica in grado di rendere conto della radice trascendentale entro cui la nozione di persona trova la sua scaturigine, essa viene relegata unicamente nell’ambito orizzontale di un immanenza che oscilla tra vuote definizioni astratte e universali da un lato e altrettante esaltazioni sterili di invidualità narcisistiche e autoreferenziali dall’altro. Scopo di questo studio è recuperare la radice filosofica della definizione boeziana di persona, quale sostanza individua di natura razionale, lasciando emergere la struttura logica e metafisica dell’essere trascendente, propria del neoplatonico Porfirio, entro cui è incastonata. Nel paradigma porfiriano della discesa dell’Uno-Essere nei molti, l’individuazione non avviene infatti per il tramite della materia quanto piuttosto al livello formale e intellegibile, implicando per ciò stesso per le sostanze individue la possibilità della loro risalita, lì dove la natura razionale gioca il ruolo fondamentale di riavviare, attraverso un movimento di conversione, il processo di ricomposizione dal molteplice all’Uno. Boezio condivide questo impianto ma inscrive la nozione di persona all’interno di una visione cristiana dell’esistenza e in questa forma la consegna definitivamente all’Occidente latino.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Philosophy (General)
Abstract Miao wax printing is a dyeing and weaving process in which natural dyes replace chemical dyes. It is renowned for its unique patterns and exquisite craftsmanship. However, with the development of industrialization and the decreasing number of craftsmen, the skill of Miao wax printing is facing the risk of loss. Therefore, the diffusion model (DM) of artificial intelligence technology and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method are combined with each other to carry out innovative and sustainable design on patterns of traditional Miao wax printing, thus generating a new Miao wax printing pattern with both cultural inheritance and modern sense. Firstly, the pattern of Guizhou wax printing is taken as an example, semiotics is used to extract and establish a database composed of many wax printings of flower and plant patterns. Secondly, on the basis of learning large-scale Miao wax printing with flower and plant patterns, DM automatically generates 30 innovative patterns that have not been seen on the market. Then, based on customers’ preferences, fuzzy TOPSIS is used to evaluate and rank the esthetics of patterns; the top 20 patterns that is loved by customers are selected. The esthetic optimization design of wax printing pattern is carried out through the collaborative innovation of shape grammar and DM. Finally, by integrating the generated new wax printing patterns into the design of women’s fashion handbags, the profound Guizhou ethnic characteristics and personalized pursuit of customers are shown. Through the study and training of existing Miao wax printing patterns, a new pattern design is automatically generated. This not only improves the design efficiency, but also provides a rich source of inspiration for designers, thus promoting the in-depth integration of Intangible Cultural Heritage and modern industry, and bringing new opportunities for local economic development.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social Sciences
It has been argued that many metaphors are understood through the mapping of an image-schematic structure from the source onto the target. This image-schematic structure can be depicted by a gesture that is called gestural depiction of metaphor schema. In this study, we tried to find out how metaphor schema’s gestural depiction may affect metaphor comprehension. Three groups of participants made judgments on the acceptability of the same set of metaphors in three different conditions: congruent gesture-aligned conditions, incongruent gesture-aligned conditions, and no-gesture conditions. In congruent gesture-aligned conditions, metaphor schema, and the gesture accompanying the metaphor were congruent. In incongruent gesture-aligned conditions, metaphor schema, and the accompanying gesture were not congruent. Our findings showed that in congruent conditions, acceptability judgments were made in the shortest periods of time, and metaphorical sentences had the highest degrees of acceptability. In contrast, in incongruent gesture-aligned conditions, acceptability judgments were made in the longest periods of time, and metaphorical sentences had the lowest degrees of acceptability. Based on these results, we suggest that gestural depiction of metaphor schema activates the prominent property defining the metaphorical meaning and suppresses metaphorically-irrelevant properties. This impact is more significant when the key semantic property is spatial.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social Sciences
Miguel Olivas-Aguirre, Cecilia Gutiérrez-Iñiguez, Igor Pottosin
et al.
Recent research has emphasized the potential of natural and synthetic cannabinoids as anticancer agents. Yet it remains unclear whether and in which sense cannabinoids affect the anticancer activity of NK cells, an important branch of anticancer immunity. Similar uncertainty exists regarding NK cells-based immunotherapy. Here we presented an overview of multiple cannabinoid targets as canonical (mainly CB2) and non-canonical receptors, ion channels, transporters, and enzymes, expressed in NK cells, along with underlying molecular mechanisms. Through them, cannabinoids can affect viability, proliferation, migration, cytokine production, and the overall anticancer activity of NK cells. Respective holistic studies are limited, and, mostly, are phenomenological, not linking observed effects with certain molecular targets. Another problem of existing studies is the lack of standardisation, so that diverse cannabinoids at variable concentrations and ways of administration are applied, and often, instead of purified NK cells, the whole lymphocyte population is used. Therefore, there is an urgent need for more focused, systemic, and in-depth studies of the impact of the cannabinoid toolkit on NK cell function, to critically address the compatibility and potential synergies between NK activity and cannabinoid utilization in the realm of anticancer interventions.
Abstract This paper empirically investigates pollution reduction by rationalization hypothesis in China. We study the heterogeneous firm’s export effect on water pollution in China. We use China’s firm-level data from 2000 to 2012 to estimate the firm’s heterogeneity of export effect, composition effect, and technique effect on water pollution. We find that intra-industry agglomeration produces a competition effect, and more productive firms can export with less polluted water. More productive firms can export with less polluted water by reallocating more productive labor from dirty firms. We find an inverted U-shaped relationship between a firm’s productivity and water pollution. Intra-industry agglomeration drives up labor productivity; higher productive firms export while producing more polluted water initially. When a firm’s productivity is increasing, export activity produces less polluted water. More export induces less water pollution for high productivity firms. We conclude that the mechanism of pollution reduction by rationalization hypothesis does exist for water pollution in China. Trade liberalization causes some firms to become cleaner, even though we observe relatively clean exporting firms and relatively dirty domestic producers at different productivity stages. Productivity-induced rationalization causes water pollution to fall with high firm productivity. Water pollution in different regions has disparities. Eastern area in China is more likely to produce more polluted water than the rest of China.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social Sciences
The key goal of the mental health nurse practicing in emergency mental health care services is ensuring that their patients have access to best practice mental health care. The aim of this study was to examine mental health nurses’ perceptions of their role in and preparation for providing mental health care services for pediatric emergency department patients. A qualitative constructivist method was employed. Inductive data were gathered using a focus group discussion model employing open-ended questions as probes. The participants were nine experienced practicing mental health nurses. Discussion was facilitated through detailed probing of the nurses’ experiences in providing care for clients in emergency departments. Four principal themes emerged from the data about mental health nurses’ experiences during the provision of emergency care: (i) barriers to adequate care provision; (ii) problems among populations; (iii) pediatric special needs; and (iv) the general need for improvements to mental health care. Each participant in this study asserted that they endorse the introduction of care by specialized mental health nurses in emergency care departments to better serve this population in Saudi Arabia. Inclusion and acceptance of psychiatric mental health nurses as full members of the multidisciplinary emergency department team, improved education and training opportunities, standards-based evaluation by collegial supervisors, availability of tools for assessment, and recognition of the role of pediatric psychiatric mental health nurses in emergency department care were goals expressed by the focus group members.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social Sciences
The paper shows the development of legal representation in the Principality of Serbia, with a special focus on the professional participation of women in court proceedings, shown through the character and work of Marija Milutinović Punktatorka, a teacher and the first female attorney in Serbia. In the judicial system of the Principality of Serbia, women were not prohibited from practicing law, which enabled an educated woman to pave the way for future women lawyers in the period of 'Little Serbia'. In the relevant literature, one can find rare texts in which the life and work of Marija Milutinović are mentioned casually and inconspicuously without an insight into the complete biography. By researching unpublished archival sources, significant information was obtained about the life and work of Marija Milutinović Punktatorka, the wife of the poet Sima Milutinović Sarajlija and the mother of the architect and professor of the Grande école, Dragutin (Dragiša) Milutinović. Marija Milutinović Punktatorka was born in 1809 into the Popović family in Timisoara. As the 'first Serbian' teacher, she educated girls and thus strove for women in the 19th century to fight for their place in the society. She was educated in Buda, where she also studied several sciences privately, with a 'very good approach and accuracy'. After the death of her husband, in October 1848, she opened a private elementary school in Belgrade. Soon, in 1849, she entered the civil service and started working as a teacher at the state school in Belgrade near the Great Church (Saborna crkva), where she received a pension in August 1874. Marija Milutinović's main motive to engage in legal representation stemmed from humane motives and not from material benefit. She practiced law even during her married life. She charged wealthier people, whom she successfully represented and won lawsuits in court with large compensation-modest, symbolic sums, more as a reward than as a fee (Ignjatović, 1860, p. 24). Even after her husband's death (1847), she continued to practice law and fulfil her husband's bequest, providing legal aid and representing the poor free of charge, which reflected badly on her impoverished family fund (Javor, 1862-1863; 1874-1893, p. 350). During the working life of Marija Milutinović, legal regulations did not prohibit women from practicing law, nor did the prohibition result indirectly. With the entry into force of the Law on Legal Representatives (1862), the previous decrees and orders, which often ad hoc solved the issue of providing legal aid in the Principality of Serbia. Officially, Marija Milutinović did not submit a request to be recognized as a lawyer before the competent authorities because she did not graduate from the Faculty of Law. In a formal sense, Marija Milutinović was never recognized by the Ministry as having the right to call herself a lawyer. Based on the real facts, it cannot be disputed that Marija Milutinović Punktatorka was the first woman in the Principality of Serbia to engage in a free profession, in this particular case, legal work.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
This article studies the fictionalisation of the eyes and their potential in La pícara Justina (The Spanish Jilt) (1605), a picaresque novel by the licentiate López de Úbeda. To this end, a collection of passages is discussed in the light of physiognomic and medical–humanistic sources close to the author’s context, which makes it clear that he was at least familiar with the technical literature as well as with the learned circles next to the court. The article also attempts to explain certain elusive passages concerning (or having suggested any connection to) the eyes, with an emphasis on the turn of phrase ‘ojos médicos’ and its assumed link to the Menippean ‘sight from afar’ and the phenomenon of the so-called ‘médicos chocarreros’.
Radical changes faced by human society in the second half of the twentieth century had their repercussions on enterprises, imposing a new business philosophy of organizational behaviour and action as an imperative for success. The strategic approach in change management and human resource (HR) management has taken the place of the dominant management paradigm. It emphasizes the importance of the active attitude of the enterprises towards changes, which implies the processes of anticipating, initiating, creating, and introducing new changes in the daily business life of the enterprises. The organizational changes represent constant challenges for HR managers, too. Acceptance and active participation in changes significantly affects the business success of the enterprises and society as a whole. In addition to a positive attitude towards change, employees feel and show a negative attitude in the form of resistance to the organizational change. Therefore, managers face a very serious problem on a daily basis, how to overcome various resistances to changes in employees. The basic assumption that is made when implementing the process of change management and HR management in modern enterprises is that the human resources of the enterprises are the most important intangible business resources which have strategic importance for achieving competitive advantages. Based on this knowledge, the paper analyses the process of change management and the relationship to change. The attitude towards change is analysed both from the perspective of the enterprises, HR managers, and from the perspective of employees. For that purpose, relevant theoretical material was used, as well as adequate scientifically based methodology in the form of methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparative and historical methods. Based on the conducted research, it can be concluded that HR managers play a key role in managing organizational change and overcoming various employee resistances to change. That is the reason why they must be able to recognize and understand the basic tendencies of change and potential resistance of employees in order to generate and mobilize the available potentials for initiating and realizing future changes.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
استهدف الباحثان فی البحث الحالی التعرف على مستویات ودلالة الفروق والعلاقة الارتباطیَّة فی اضطرابات الأکل " مقیاسی الشّره العصبی وفقدان الشهیة العصبی " ومقیاس حل المشکلات, وقیاس مدى قدرة کل من مقیاسی الشّره العصبی وفقدان الشهیة العصبی على التنبؤ بحل المشکلات لدى (200) من ربَّات البیوت فی مرکز مدینة أربیل، مع الأخذ بالحسبان متغیرات (الحالة الاجتماعیَّة، عدد الأطفال, العمر، الحالة الاقتصادیَّة )، وقد اعتمد الباحثان على مقیاس اضطرابات الأکل والمتکون من مقیاسی الشّره العصبی وفقدان الشهیة العصبی من إعداد( درویش , 2014) ومقیاس حل المشکلات من إعداد الباحثین، وکانت قیم الصدق الظاهری والثبات للمقاییس مقبولة . وبعد تطبیق المقاییس سویة على عینة البحث ومعالجة البیانات باستعمال ((Spss: أظهرت النتائج مایأتی : وجود مؤشرات إحصائیة دالة لمستوى الشّره العصبی عند مستوى الدلالة (0.05) لصالح ربَّات البیوت. وجود مؤشرات إحصائیة دالة لمستوى فقدان الشهیة العصبی وحل المشکلات عند مستوى الدلالة (0.01) و(0.05) ولصالح المجتمع، أَنَّ ربَّات البیوت من المطلقات عاطفیًا, وذوات (4 أطفال إِلى 6 أطفال) , وعمر (26 سنة إِلى 32 سنة ) وذوات الحالة الاقتصادیَّة السیئة أَکثر اضطرابًا فی الشّره العصبیّ، وأَنَّ ربَّات البیوت من المطلقات عاطفیًا, وذوات العمر(33 سنة إِلى 40 سنة), الحالة الاقتصادیَّة السیئة أَکثر اضطرابًا فی فقدان الشهیة العصبی، وأَنَّ المتزوجات, ذوات العمر (41 سنة فأَکثر ) والحالة الاقتصادیَّة الجیدة أَکثر قدرة على استعمال الاتجاه الإیجابی فی حل المشکلات. وجود علاقة ارتباطیَّة سالبة ودالة بین حل المشکلات وکل من الشّره العصبی وفقدان الشهیة العصبی، أَنَّ الشّره العصبی قد حظی بأعلى إسهام دال إِحصائیًا فی القدرة على التنبؤ بحل المشکلات لدى ربَّات البیوت، وفی ضوء النتائج قدم الباحثان بعض التوصیات والمقترحات.
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History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
American politicians aim to create economic activity that will expand the economy and provide opportunities for citizens. Today (in 2022), President Joseph Biden presents an ambitious tax plan to grow the economy and provide for more equal opportunities. With Biden’s aim for a tax increase, this research examines the impacts of tax and other economic variables on economic wellbeing. In turn, this research provides a timely update on contributing factors to economic growth. Previous academic research shows the impacts of tax rates and common economic variables related to U.S. economic growth. We gather data from 1960 to 2020 to explore U.S. real gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. Through a series of multiple regression models, we find that increases in the highest statutory corporate and personal income tax rates reduce real GDP per capita. Growth in net exports of goods and services, M2 money supply, multifactor productivity and cost, collectively increase real GDP per capita, while, the personal savings rate, and the market value of gross federal debt decrease real GDP per capita. We recommend that if Congress elects to raise tax rates, it should start with the personal income tax rate.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social Sciences
The scholarly reception history of the Old English riddles and adjacent “enigmatic poems” of the Exeter Book reveals a long process of creating intelligibility and order out of a complicated and obscure manuscript context. Understanding this history of reception allows us to see the influence of Old English poetry on modern creative medievalism, including the unexpected influence of medieval “enigmatic” poetry on the modern genre of supernatural fiction. Specifically, it is argued that the scholarly reception of folios 122v–123v of the Exeter Anthology was instrumental in inspiring one of the acknowledged classic ghost stories of the twentieth century, M.R. James’s “Oh, Whistle, and I’ll Come to You, My Lad”.
Making decisions about procuring cars for use in business is something that entrepreneurs should have well planned as cars are one of the assets that almost every business needs to use in their operations. Some have them for sale and some have them for use, e.g. for executive positions, for freight or as a staff shuttle bus etc. In terms of taxation, different car types may have different tax burdens of both corporate income tax and value added tax. Therefore, entrepreneurs should study the effects of each tax and practice correctly to avoid problems that may occur from offenses under the tax law. Offences can cause an increase of unnecessary expenses to entrepreneurs in the form of fines, penalties or criminal fines which are prohibited expenses in the calculation of the net tax profit. This paper studies and collects information from academic papers, relevant laws and discusses tax rulings of the Revenue Department which relate to a passenger cars or cars with up to 10 seats. This paper will be of interest to entrepreneurs or those interested in order to apply for their business’s planning. The paper outlines the different practices between accounting and taxation for a passenger cars or cars with t up to 10 seats in terms of purchasing, hiring and leasing both used in operations and used as a business product. Moreover, it summarizes laws under the Excise Tariff Act newly issued for double cabs which affects the tax practice on such cars.
Social Sciences, History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
It is not news to suggest that the law treated drugs like opium differently in the nineteenth century compared to today. These days, opium falls within the category of psychoactive drugs, for the purposes of the Psychoactive Substances Act 2016. This is because it ‘produces a psychoactive effect in a person … by stimulating or depressing the person’s central nervous system … [thereby] affect[ing] the person’s mental functioning or emotional state’ (section 2(2)).[i] There was no equivalent provision in any nineteenth-century law. The suggestion here is that the law of the time – specifically, the law in England – was incapable of regulating the use of such drugs because lawmakers did not have a conception of what “mental functioning” was; and, without such an idea, they had no basis upon which to seek to control the impact of the drugs. Expressed differently, without an understanding of the mind of the legal subject, those applying the law were limited in their capacity to understand the threats, posed by opium, to that subject’s mind.While the law was almost completely silent on this drug, popular culture was not. In this article I will sample a number of literary works that referred to opium use in order to explore the popular understanding of opium in English culture – including texts by Thomas De Quincey, Wilkie Collins and Arthur Conan Doyle. Taken together, a particular trajectory of attitudes may be deduced. A key benefit of looking at these examples is evident in the assessment that ‘novelists are quick to respond to the movement of our times, they know that we are ready to analyse our inner experience with an intimacy that our forefathers would have felt to be intolerable’ (Terman, 1919: ix). I will demonstrate that these authors, in turn, presage the changes to the regulation of drugs in the early twentieth century.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
The works of the philosophers of existence often address illness and health in the context of a (difficult to
describe) existential experience. In this paper I will argue the following thesis: one of the strategies chosen by
the authors whose aim is to characterise an existential experience is to present it by referring to the category of
illness. This strategy involves, first and foremost, presenting the similarity between the existential experience
and an illness; while at the same time, emphasising that the existential experience is not an illness (although
of course, the existential experience may be a consequence of experiencing an illness). To support my basic
thesis, I will draw from the works of Albert Camus, Lev Shestov and other philosophers of existence, as well
as from literary works. In the article, I will provide an interpretation of Albert Camus’ short story “Jonas, or
the Artist at Work”. I will discuss the basic characteristics of the existential experience, focusing on those that
are similar to the symptoms of illness. I will also formulate a number of general remarks which concern the
existential experience.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social sciences (General)
The use of modern technologies has been widely prevalent among language learners, and video, in particular, as a valuable learning tool provides learners with comprehensible input. The present study investigated the effect of silent and freeze-frame viewing techniques of video materials on the intermediate English as a foreign language (EFL) learners’ listening comprehension. To this end, 45 intermediate EFL learners participated in this quasi-experimental study. The results of one-way ANOVA revealed that there was a statistically significant difference between the experimental groups (using two types of viewing techniques) and the control group. While the difference between the two experimental groups was not statistically significant, the experimental groups outperformed the control group significantly.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social Sciences
Research indicates that the homogeneous perception of prototypical attributes influences several intragroup processes. The aim of the present study was to describe the homogeneous perception of the prototype and to identify specific prototypical subcategories, which are perceived as homogeneous within sport teams. The sample consists of N = 20 soccer teams with a total of N = 278 athletes (age M = 23.5 years, SD = 5.0 years). The results reveal that subcategories describing the cohesiveness of the team and motivational attributes are mentioned homogeneously within sport teams. In addition, gender, identification, team size, and the championship ranking significantly correlate with the homogeneous perception of prototypical attributes. The results are discussed on the basis of theoretical and practical implications.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social Sciences
Keats and Swinburne loom large as purveyors of the “aesthetic” in its early and late nineteenth-century forms—that is, as a discourse of subject-formation through the exercise of tasteful distinction and as a self-referential discourse of art for art’s sake, respectively. In this essay, I analyse how Swinburne constructs a “Keats” that will allow him to master a “manliness in crisis” that affected both writers. If this “crisis” is historicized by the body as a social matter that Victorian legislators were policing in the forms of prostitution and pornography, it is, I argue, this materiality that Keats and Swinburne insist of enjoying rather than sublimating. The ultimate question I pose is this: can aesthetics become the critical discourse that recent revisionary readings have postulated if both a Romantic and a Decadent aesthetic insist on enjoying the body, materiality, gender instability and other topoi communicated by prostitution, pornography and poetry.