Hasil untuk "Hungary"

Judit Glavanits, József Pingitzer

Student employment has become an increasingly common feature of higher education, yet research on international students has predominantly approached paid work as an economic necessity. This article examines student employment as a culturally embedded social practice among international students in Hungary, focusing on employment patterns and cultural value orientations. The study applies a mixed-methods design, combining a focus group interview with an online questionnaire survey conducted among international students at a Hungarian university (N = 61). Cultural value orientations were measured using Hofstede’s Values Survey Module, and differences between working and non-working students were analyzed using inferential statistical methods. The results show that international students’ employment is dominated by flexible, low-entry-threshold jobs, particularly platform-based delivery work, while study-related or professional positions remain less common and are associated with higher income levels. Employment participation was significantly related to gender and academic year, with male students and those in higher years of study being more likely to work. Regarding cultural value orientations, a statistically significant difference between working and non-working students emerged only along the masculinity–femininity dimension, with working students displaying more performance-oriented values. The findings highlight that international student employment is associated with both structural constraints and culturally grounded value orientations.

Blanka Székely, Szilvia Erdeiné Késmárki-Gally, Zoltán Lakner

The hybrid project management (HPM) approach aims to leverage the strengths of various methodologies while mitigating their weaknesses, thereby supporting project managers in achieving project success. However, there is limited comprehensive knowledge about the practical implementation of HPM in organizations. This paper seeks to bridge the gap in academic literature regarding HPM, as examined in Web of Science and Scopus, and to investigate the existence and application of HPM in practice. The authors analyze the significance, benefits, and drawbacks of different project management methodologies. The research follows PRISMA guidelines, addressing five specific research questions to ensure a systematic, transparent, and rigorous process. The findings are presented in structured tables, offering a thorough understanding of the subject. This study provides a foundational basis for future research on HPM, particularly within the business administration field. It focuses exclusively on hybrid methodologies relevant to business products and service development areas, excluding unrelated hybrid approaches. In summary, this paper aims to enhance the understanding and application of HPM, offering valuable insights for both academic and practical advancements in project management.

Eugene Bravyi

Linear second-order functional differential equations without the Volterra condition are studied. Sufficient conditions for the everywhere solvability of the equation (surjectivity of the corresponding functional differential operator) are obtained in terms of norms of the positive and negative parts of the functional operators. These conditions are shown to be sharp in the sense that if they are not satisfied, then there exists an equation with no solution. The obtained solvability conditions are formulated directly for the equation itself, without considering specific boundary value problems.

Máté Huber

The Representation of American Culture in the English Language Classroom in Hungary

Ferenc Molnar, Matyas Rendeki, Szilard Rendeki et al.

Emergency and disaster medical care often face resource or equipment shortages. 3D printing technology has been proven to be effective in cases with insufficient supply chains. MAYO tubes and stethoscopes are essential components of ABCDE patient examinations; however, 3D-printed variants have not been fully tested. These 3D-printed instruments were substituted and validated in a simulated pre-hospital environment.In total, 26 participants were included in this study. Fifteen clinicians or paramedics with at least 3 years of professional experience and 10 medical students. One student was excluded because he had relevant experience with emergency care. As basic tasks, the placement of MAYO tubes and auscultation with stethoscopes were performed using medical simulators. 3D printed instruments were compared with conventional clinical devices by measuring the time required for the intervention, success rate, and user satisfaction. In the study FFF (Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), SLS (Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), and SLA (stereolithography) 3D printing were used in this study.The times required for implementation and auscultation were examined for each instrument. There was no significant difference between the MAYO tube (p = 0.798) and the stethoscope (p = 0.676). In the case of stethoscopy, the study investigated the correct diagnosis, and no significant difference was found (p = 0.239), although an interesting trend was observed. Regarding the MAYO tube, the study found no significant difference in correct position formation (p = 0.163). The experience levels of the groups did not influence these factors. However, significant differences in user satisfaction were found in both cases in favour of the conventional versions (p < 0.001).Overall, the results of this study suggest that 3D-printed devices could be suitable replacements for clinic-based devices in emergency situations. The 3D-printed devices did not perform inferiorly at any of the indicated points compared to their classical counterparts. However, the practical applicability of the devices used in this study requires further investigation.

Andrea Toldy

editorial

Sándor Márton

Jelen tanulmányunk egy több éve folyó egyetemi programhoz illeszkedik. A Debreceni Egyetemen a 2000/2001-es tanévben kezdeményezte az akkori rektori vezetés egy új tehetséggondozási program indítását, amely a meglévő formákhoz – TDK, szakkollégiumok, demonstrátori hálózat – illeszkedett. E program újszerűségét a bekerülési eljárás többfordulós mérései, illetve a program különböző támogatási formái, elsősorban a tutori rendszer jelentették (Balogh – Fónai, 2003). A programba való bekerülés három lépcsőben történik, amelyek közül az elsőben a karok delegálják a tanulmányi eredményük alapján a nappali tagozatos másodéves hallgatók felső ötödét.

Attila Balaskó

editorial

Mónika Nogel

Most of the studies published in Hungary on the judicial expert system and expert evidence in criminal proceedings do not deal with the question whether the availability of forensic DNA experts is adequate for the defense. This paper examines the current legal environment and focuses on this question. The study also gives a brief overview of the circumstances when DNA analysis plays an essential role in criminal cases. Finally, the article will show whether the defense can employ its own forensic DNA expert in criminal cases.

Nóra V. May, Attila Jancsó, Éva A. Enyedy

Copper(II) complexes of thiosemicarbazones (TSCs) often exhibit anticancer properties, and their pharmacokinetic behavior can be affected by their interaction with blood transport proteins. Interaction of copper(II) complexes of an {N,N,S} donor α-<i>N</i>-pyridyl TSC (Triapine) and an {O,N,S} donor 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde TSC (STSC) with human serum albumin (HSA) was investigated by UV–visible and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy at physiological pH. Asp-Ala-His-Lys and the monodentate N-methylimidazole were also applied as binding models. Conditional formation constants were determined for the ternary copper(II)-TSC complexes formed with HSA, DAHK, and N-methylimidazole based on the spectral changes of both charge transfer and d-d bands. The neutral N-methylimidazole displays a similar binding affinity to both TSC complexes. The partially negatively charged tetrapeptide binds stronger to the positively charged Triapine complex in comparison to the neutral STSC complex, while the opposite trend was observed for HSA, which demonstrates the limitations of the use of simple ligands to model the protein binding. The studied TSC complexes are able to bind to HSA in a fast process, and the conditional constants suggest that their binding strength is only weak-to-moderate.

Marina Ortrud M. Hertrampf

The article discusses the comparatively young form of written Romani literary self-expression as an example of “minor literature” in Deleuze and Guattari’s sense.[1] The focus here is on producing a classifying survey of the literary production of Romani writers in France and Spain, with the article outlining the different aesthetic fields and literary forms evident in French and Spanish Romani literature. The comparative approach reveals that despite regional and national differences, these minor literatures demonstrate several aesthetic similarities typical of Romani literature that could ultimately come to define the transnational, cross-border characteristics of Romani literature. Furthermore, I show that there are literary tendencies in contemporary Romani literatures that go beyond the usual forms of establishing literary self-expression in diasporic cultural productions or aesthetic appropriation of major society’s literary traditions, so that Romani literatures in French and Spanish should, I argue, also be seen as part of world literature. 1 It is important to emphasize that the potentially offending implications of the evaluative use of the term “minor” is by no means hinted at in Deleuze and Guattari: The French “literature mineure” does not indicate lower aesthetic qualities or literary inferiority to majority literature but rather describes a literature produced by writers not (exclusively) belonging to the nation-state in which they live. At the same time, it should be mentioned that the term “small literature,” in contrast to minor literatures, means literary expressions from small nations or/and in small languages like, for example, in Bulgarian, Estonian, or Luxembourgish (cf., Glesener 2012).

Alexandra PINTYE, Márk Z. NÉMETH, Orsolya MOLNÁR et al.

DNA extraction from minute fungal samples is challenging in all genetic studies. Identification of genetic groups and population biology mostly rely on the laborious production of single conidium isolates or on field samples, including infected plant materials. This paper reports a simple and cost-effective protocol for DNA extraction from individual chasmothecia of Erysiphe necator for subsequent applications. It is a less laborious alternative for genotyping purposes than production and analysis of single conidium isolates or analysis of infected plant material from the field. Using the protocols described here for 186 E. necator samples tested, genetic groups A and B were assigned. Based on CYP51 sequences, all the samples belonged to group B, while TUB2 sequences exhibited SNPs also diagnostic for group A. Additionally, a quantitative real-time PCR detection method of single nucleotide polymorphism in the CYP51 gene associated with DMI fungicide resistance was applied. The A495T marker, associated with DMI resistance, and here reported for the first time from Hungary, was detected by quantitative real-time PCR assays and direct sequencing of CYP51. The methods developed in this study can be applied as routine tests to monitor powdery mildew populations for fungicide resistance and other genetic characteristics.

István Barányi

The examination of the tribological processes can be implement by different methods. In the initial stage of the abrasive wear process, the microtopography of steels drastically changes until it reaches a stable state. This change can be described by different methods. One of the methods is the characterisation with the help of roughness parameters. In this paper validated simulation algorithm has been used to predict the modification of the roughness parameters. Manufactured microtopographies with same arithmetical mean height (Sa) value can be modelled to the destroying with the help of abrasive worn microtopography. It was found the main roughness parameters named Sa, Sq, Ssk, Sku modification strongly depending to the manufacturing technology.

Júlia Nagy, Zsolt László Márkus, Gábor Kaposi et al.

The paper presents how the VR technology helps tourists in selecting their destinations. The current state-of-the-art service is the result of systematic development activities which has become available in the tourist information office (Tourinform) in the town of Miskolc. The visitors can discover the local sights either on the Web site of the tourist organisation, or in the GUIDE@HAND Miskolc smart phone application, or from now on, in a virtual space due to the Virtual Reality (VR) technology with the help of 3D VR glasses and spherical panorama pictures.

Leonid Berezansky, Josef Diblik, Zdenek Svoboda et al.

New explicit results on exponential stability, improving recently published results by the authors, are derived for linear delayed systems $$ \dot{x}_i(t)=-\sum_{j=1}^m \sum_{k=1}^{r_{ij}}a_{ij}^{k}(t)x_j(h_{ij}^{k}(t)),\qquad i=1,\dots,m $$ where $t\ge 0$, $m$ and $r_{ij}$, $i,j=1,\dots,m$ are natural numbers, $a_{ij}^{k}\colon [0,\infty)\to\mathbb{R}$ are measurable coefficients, and $h_{ij}^{k}\colon [0,\infty)\to\mathbb{R}$ are measurable delays. The progress was achieved by using a new technique making it possible to replace the constant $1$ by the constant $1+{1}/{\mathrm{e}}$ on the right-hand sides of crucial inequalities ensuring exponential stability.

Noémi Kántor

Great attention has been paid in the last one and a half decade to the subjective evaluation of atmospheric conditions in different outdoor and semi-outdoor urban environments. Several field surveys were conducted all around the world in order to specify those physical and personal factors that influence the perception of thermal environment. Many studies reported about seasonal differences in the subjective assessment concerning thermal sensitivity as well as the so-called neutral temperature. The present investigation aims to reveal these seasonal differences in Hungary and to scrutinise the effect of solar exposure (staying in shaded position or in the sun) on these patterns. The analyses are based on a long-term outdoor thermal comfort project with 78 measurements days conducted on six recreational places in Szeged, Hungary. In the frame of the project thousands of people were asked about their actual thermal sensation and about their preference for any change regarding the thermal environment. Parallel to the questionnaire survey, detailed human bio-meteorological measurements were carried out in the vicinity of the questioned individuals. A well-established human bio-meteorological index was calculated from the measured atmospheric parameters: the Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET). Regression analysis was performed between the subjective and objective measures in order to specify neutral and preferred temperatures (nPET, pPET). Furthermore, in the case pPET values a new assignment procedure was also implemented building on probit model technique. The two analytical approaches resulted in very similar pPET values in every case when the sample size was sufficiently large. The study revealed much higher pPET than nPET values in every season; moreover, significant differences depending on the sun exposure of the subjects.

Farkas, Tamás

The comprehensive description of a country’s family name stock has been, and is being, carried out in several European countries, including Hungary. The paper, from among other possible lines of research, offers a typological-statistical survey of the Hungarian family name stock. The study focuses on the 100 most frequent family names of contemporary Hungary, while taking international research (European Surname Typology Project) into account and drawing its conclusions from complete or highly representative name corpora. The paper discusses the typological distribution of the 100 most frequent contemporary family names in Hungary, in comparison with Hungarianhistorical family names from the beginning of the 18th century, as well as types of art ificial Hungarian family names produced in the processes of official family name changes in the 19–20th centuries. Certain peculiarities of Hungarian family names are also pointed out when compared to the family names of other languages and countries. The paper also focuses on some questions of research methodology that arise in the field and are rarely discussed in relevant international literature. Different approaches in research methodology are described with their consequences, i.e. differences in research results. Ultimately, the paper intends, in part, to give a picture of the Hungarian family name stock and the possibilities of further research in the field, while also exposing a number of ideas that should also be taken into consideration by international research projects of great importance.

Joanna Kulesza

Martina Mysíková

This paper aims to quantify the basic structure of gender wage gaps in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia, using the EU-SILC 2008 dataset. The structure of the gender wage gap is analyzed based on the Heckman selection model and Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition. The findings are to a great extent similar for the Czech and Slovak Republics. The observed gender wage gap is relatively high in these two countries, compared to Hungary and Poland. A relatively small but positive part of the observed gender wage gap can be explained by gender differences in characteristics in the Czech and Slovak Republics, with a high contribution of job characteristics. An opposite result proved in Hungary and Poland, where working women have on average even better characteristics than working men, mainly in terms of individual characteristics.

S. Richbell, László Szerb, Z. Vitai