Hasil untuk "Dermatology"

Wang H, Zhang S

Huan Wang,1,2 Shuchang Zhang3 1Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Children’s Hospital, Tianjin, 300134, People’s Republic of China; 3Fei Si Lan Xi Yue Medical Cosmetology Clinic, Tianjin, 300134, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Huan Wang, Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, People’s Republic of China, Tel +8613652026874, Email 13652026874@163.comPurpose: Evidence on the link between parental smoking and allergic conjunctivitis (AC) is limited, particularly in Chinese children. This study aimed to examine the association between parental smoking and the risk of AC in children.Patients and Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in the ophthalmology department at Tianjin Children’s Hospital from 2021 to 2022. We used logistic regression to explore the association between parental smoking and AC. The stability of the results was ensured using subgroup analysis and propensity score matching (PSM).Results: A total of 4249 participants met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. After adjusting for all covariates, parental smoking was significantly associated with AC. The adjusted odds ratio was 1.17 (1.03– 1.34). Significant interactions were observed for mode of delivery and multiple pregnancies, in relation to the prediction of AC (P < 0.05). Further exploratory subgroup analyses in children with myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism revealed no significant interactions (all P values for interaction were > 0.05). After adjusting for potential confounders using PSM, the results remained stable.Conclusion: This cross-sectional study showed that influence of inappropriate parental smoking on the risk of incident AC. Parental smoking was associated with increased risk of AC in children. Reducing parental smoking may help lower this risk. These findings underscore the importance of public health interventions to reduce children’s exposure to secondhand smoke.Keywords: parental smoking, allergic conjunctivitis, pediatric

Sonal Singh, Shivani Singh, Vandana Tiwari et al.

Background: Vitiligo is an acquired depigmenting skin disorder often associated with social stigma and having a significant psychological impact on patients. The study aimed to determine the correlation between serum levels of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), and Cu/Pb, Cu/Hg, Cu/Cd, Se/Hg, Se/Pb, Se/Cd, Zn/Hg, Zn/Pb, and Zn/Cd ratios in vitiligo patients. Materials and methods: In this analytical cross-sectional study, we enrolled 110 vitiligo patients as cases and 110 normal adults as controls. VIDA (Vitiligo Disease Activity Score) and VASI (Vitiligo Area Severity Index) were used to assess the activity and severity of vitiligo in patients. Venous blood samples of all study participants (aged >12 years) were examined for serum levels of Zn, Cu, Se, Pb, Hg, and Cd using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. SPSS.21 version software was used for the analysis of the data. Results: We noted a statistically significant (p-value < 0.05, student’s t-test) difference in mean serum levels of Cu, Zn, and Se (microgram/liter) between cases and controls, denoted as 1370.67 ± 484.36 versus 2887.30 ± 3744.15, 1324.50 ± 555.02 versus 1603.81 ± 551.03, 248.95 ± 120.06 versus 287.15 ± 117.37, respectively. A significantly low serum level of Se was observed in female vitiligo patients, unlike controls. Vegetarian patients had low levels of Pb (p-value <0.05) in comparison to non-vegetarian patients. Significantly low Zn/Hg and Cu/Hg ratios were observed in cases compared to controls. Limitations: Our study was limited by a small sample size. Being an observational study done from a single center, chances of inclusion of patients from a limited geographical area cannot be ruled out. Conclusion: Low levels of Zn, Cu, and Se could play a crucial role in the etiopathogenesis of vitiligo, which can vary based on the gender and diet pattern of the patient.

Evanthia Mastoraki, Georgios Kravvas, Kate Dear et al.

Abstract Background Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease with a predilection for the genitalia. Although, the association between squamous cell cancer and genital LS is well established, a link with genital melanoma has not been thoroughly explored. However, we have recently published a case series of penile melanoma where 9/11 (82%) of patients seen over a 10 year period with penile melanoma were retrospectively found to have histological and/or clinical evidence of genital LS on review. Objectives The aim of this study was to illuminate further the relationship between vulval melanoma and genital LS by reviewing all the cases managed by our hospital and undertaking a literature review. Methods We identified all the cases with a diagnosis of vulval melanoma over a 16‐year period (2006–2022) where histology was available. The clinical notes were retrospectively reviewed, and the histological features of all cases were reassessed by two independent mutually ‘blinded’ histopathologists. We also performed a literature review of genital LS in patients with vulval melanoma. Results A total of 11 patients with vulval melanoma were identified for the review. Histopathological review found evidence of genital LS in seven of them (64%). Genital LS was not documented in any of the original histology reports. Clinical notes and letters were available in nine cases. The literature review identified 12 relevant studies with a total of 18 patients. Twelve cases concerned adult women, and six concerned female children. Conclusion The presence of genital LS in as high as 64% of our vulval melanoma cases might indicate a causative relationship between genital LS and vulval melanoma. The pathogenesis of vulval melanoma remains largely unknown. Although ultraviolet radiation is an important pathogenic factor for cutaneous melanoma, it cannot be a factor in vulval melanoma. While possible mechanisms behind this association remain unclear, it is possible that chronic inflammation from genital LS leads to melanocytic distress and increased mutagenesis.

D Ashwini, H Bangaru

Background: Farmers are particularly exposed to a large number of allergens including fertilizers, plant allergens, soil, and manure which may be aggravated by sun exposure. Hand eczema can cause significant morbidity affecting the patient’s occupational work. Patch test is an important diagnostic tool in differentiating between irritant contact dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis and in the latter, to identify the culprit allergen causing hand eczema. Aims: This study aimed to identify the role of patch tests in hand eczema in farmers and to identify the common causative allergens of hand eczema in farmers. Materials and Methods: Fifty farmers aged 18 years and above presenting with hand eczema were enrolled in the study after taking approval from the institutional ethics committee. Patients who were pregnant, lactating, on systemic steroids, and immunosuppressants were excluded from the study. Patch test was done using the Indian Standard series of 20 allergens approved by the Contact Dermatoses Forum of India applied to the back of the patient. The first reading was taken at 48 h, 30 min after removal of the patch, and another reading was taken at 96 h. The results were interpreted according to the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group criteria. Results: Out of 50 patients, there were 28 males and 22 females. Hyperkeratotic eczema was the most common morphology (38%). The most common allergen was parthenium (44%) followed by potassium dichromate (22.7%) and nickel (9%). Limitations: A larger sample size would have helped to better substantiate the findings of the study. Conclusion: There is an undeniable relationship with the occupation of the individual wherein agriculturists and masons had the maximum predisposition. The most common cause of hand eczema in this study was parthenium in farmers and also other allergens played an important role such as potassium dichromate, nickel, and paraphenylenediamine.

Michael R. Migden, Aaron S. Farberg, James Spencer et al.

Background: The Hedgehog inhibitor sonidegib had durable efficacy and a manageable safety profile in patients with locally advanced basal cell carcinoma (laBCC) through 42 months of the BOLT trial. In this analysis, we characterize the effects of 200-mg and 800-mg sonidegib on tumors in patients in the BOLT trial. Methods: Tumors were assessed using color photography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by central and investigator review at baseline; Weeks 5, 9, and 17 after the start of treatment; then every 8 weeks during the first year; and every 12 weeks thereafter. Results: In patients with laBCC receiving sonidegib, the decrease in best percentage change from baseline in target lesions was 92.3 % per central review and 96.7 % per investigator review in the 200-mg treatment arm, and 90.1 % per central review and 95.2 % per investigator in the 800-mg treatment arm. The kinetics of response to treatment appeared to influence tumor reduction, with patients responding within the first 3 months of treatment experiencing a greater decrease in tumor size over time than later responders. Additionally, patients whose best overall response to treatment was complete response or partial response had a generally longer duration of response compared with patients who had stable disease as best overall response. Tumor reduction and duration of response were greater when assessed by investigator review compared with central review. Conclusion: Treatment with sonidegib for up to 42 months substantially reduced tumors in patients with laBCC.

Chen X, Gan Y, Liu D

Xinlong Chen,1 Yanling Gan,2 Dianchang Liu2 1Department of Dermatology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of STI and Leprosy Prevention and Control, Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Dianchang Liu, Tel +86 531-87298850, Email dianchangliu@163.comBackground: Gonorrhea, caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), is a major public health concern worldwide.Aim of the Study: The aim of this study is to understand the availability of laboratory diagnosis of gonorrhoea in Shandong province and its meaning in case reporting.Methods: Two surveys were conducted among hospitals providing clinical services for sexually transmitted infection (STI) in Shandong Province in 2012 and 2018. The availability of laboratory tests for NG and distribution of reported gonorrhea cases were compared among different hospitals provided clinical services for STI in Shandong province. Descriptive analysis and Chi-square were used for statistical analysis.Results: Smear, culture and PCR tests for NG were used among 301(74.69%), 123(30.52%), 43(10.67%) hospitals in 2012 and 356(74.48%), 176(36.82%) and 73(15.27%) hospitals in 2018, respectively. Significant differences were observed in the availability of smear among hospitals at different levels (X2=12.159, p=0.000) and with different affiliations (X2=4.551, p=0.033) in 2018. Significant differences were observed in the availability of culture and PCR tests among hospitals at different levels both in 2012 (X2=34.532, p=0.000; X2=7.380, p=0.007) and 2018 (X2=49.820, p=0.000; X2=21.658, p=0.000). The availability of culture and PCR tests for NG among hospitals in 2018 was higher than that in 2012 (X2=3.870, p=0.049; X2=4.050, p=0.044). More hospitals reported gonorrhea cases in 2018 than in 2012 (X2=6.768, p=0.009). A significant difference was observed in distribution of case reporting among hospitals at different levels in 2018 (X2=6.975, p=0.008) and among different types of hospital both in 2012 (X2=52.362, p=0.000) and 2018 (X2=74.478, p=0.000).Conclusion: Poor availability of NG laboratory tests affects case reporting, and which is a crucial reason leading to underreporting of gonorrhea cases in Shandong province.Keywords: gonorrhea, availability, laboratory tests, underreporting

Min Chen, Abdullah M. S. Al-Hatmi, Abdullah M. S. Al-Hatmi et al.

Nicole N. Dacy, MD, Lindsay M. Bicknell, MD

Sarah E. Piombo, Kimberly A. Miller, David R. Freyer et al.

Piombo et al. analyse social networks of cancer clinicians to study referral practices to a cancer survivorship clinic at a comprehensive cancer centre. The authors identify key opinion leaders within the networks and suggest interventions to improve referrals to survivorship services.

Edgar Mandeng Ma Linwa, Odette Berline Sigha, Angelique Jacquie Djeumen Touka et al.

Abstract Introduction With the advent of COVID‐19, a highly infectious viral pandemic, first declared in Cameroon in March 2020, access to expert dermatology care was postulated to decrease. We carried out a descriptive study to understand the epidemiology of skin diseases amongst patients consulting at an outpatient dermatology clinic and its variations with the onset of COVID‐19. Methods We conducted a retrospective database study over a period of 2 years at Laquintinie hospital, Cameroon. Two periods were distinguished: 1 March 2019 to 29 February 2020 (pre‐COVID‐19 era) and 1 March 2020 to 28 February 2021 (COVID‐19 era). Results Overall, 5946 patients with one or more clinical conditions were analysed. The most common age group described was young adults (18–40 years). Females consulted twice as much as males (M/F ratio; 1:1.7). The mean age was 28.9 (±18.0) years with an age range of 1 month to 89 years. Infectious dermatoses predominated. However, the single most prevalent dermatologic condition was acne. There was a 35.6% drop in consultation frequency in the COVID‐19 era. Conclusion Three in four patients consulting at dermatology clinic are below 40 years, with a female predominance. Epidemiological profile of dermatoses in Cameroon is similar to that in the rest of Africa. Consultation frequency decreased in the COVID‐19 era but trends in consultations were rather unaltered except for patients above 50 years where eczema and scabies increased. More studies should be conducted to understand these trends better at a national level and envisage training of health personnel on prevalent dermatoses.

Bengu Nisa Akay, Mehmet Fatih Atak, Banu Farabi

Sonia P Jain, Pratiksha Sonkusale, Abhay Vilas Deshmukh et al.

Acrokeratosis verruciformis of Hopf (AKV) is a rare autosomal dominant genodermatosis of unknown etiology. Here we present a case of a 20-year-female with multiple skin-colored flat papules over the dorsum of hands and feet interspersed with multiple hypopigmented macular lesions of 5 years duration. No family member showed a similar lesion. The presence of classical AKV with absent family history and definite histopathology findings make this case an unusual and rare entity.

Ying Luo, Ying Xue, Xueyun Guo et al.

Background: The role of T-SPOT.TB (T-SPOT) assay for tuberculous meningitis (TBM) diagnosis has not been fully assessed. Here, we conducted an updated meta-analysis to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of peripheral blood (PB) T-SPOT and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) T-SPOT for diagnosing TBM.Methods: Relevant studies in the PubMed database, EmBase database, Cochrane database, Scopus database, Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Internet, and Wan-Fang database were retrieved from August 1, 2005, to June 22, 2020. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata, Revman, and Meta-Disc software. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), summary receiver operating characteristic curves, and the area under the curve were determined and analyzed.Results: A total of 27 studies were eligible for inclusion within the meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of PB T-SPOT for TBM diagnosis were 0.78 (95% CI, 0.76–0.81) and 0.68 (95% CI, 0.66–0.71), respectively, whereas the pooled PLR, NLR, and DOR were 2.80 (95% CI, 2.29–3.42), 0.32 (95% CI, 0.27–0.38), and 10.08 (95% CI, 7.21–14.08), respectively. On the other hand, the pooled sensitivity and specificity of CSF T-SPOT on diagnosing TBM were 0.76 (95% CI, 0.72–0.80) and 0.88 (95% CI, 0.85–0.90), respectively, whereas the pooled PLR, NLR, and DOR were 5.92 (95% CI, 4.25–8.25), 0.28 (95% CI, 0.21–0.39), and 29.05 (95% CI, 16.40–51.45), respectively. The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve values of PB T-SPOT and CSF T-SPOT for TBM diagnosis were 0.83 (95% CI, 0.80–0.86) and 0.92 (95% CI, 0.89–0.94), respectively.Conclusions: CSF T-SPOT showed a higher specificity compared with PB T-SPOT for diagnosing TBM. Both two T-SPOT assays have considerable potential in improving the diagnosis of TBM. Furthermore, the standardization of the operating procedure is further needed when performing CSF T-SPOT.

Harriet Bagnal Hinen, Luigi Boccuto, Cameron C. Trenor et al.

Vascular tumors in pediatric patients are an important entity for the clinician to recognize and correctly diagnose. They may present at birth or develop at any point during infancy, childhood, or adolescence. Most are benign, but even benign lesions may have significant morbidity without proper intervention. Malignant vascular tumors are also rarely seen in the pediatric population, and may be associated with various syndromes.

Raphael Taiwo Aruleba, Tayo Alex Adekiya, Philisiwe Fortunate Molefe et al.

The ability of Natural Killer (NK) cells to eliminate cancerous cells is largely dependant on the activation of the stimulatory or co-stimulatory natural killer group 2, member D (NKG2D) receptor. This receptor recognises ligands that are structural homologs of MHC class I molecules such as the UL-16 binding protein 2 (ULBP2). ULBP2 has been reported to have the ability to mediate natural resistance against tumours in vivo, thus promoting its use as a potential target for developing immunotherapeutic agents for the treatment of cancers and some viral infections. In this study, we generated a reliable and quality 3-D structure of the protein using SWISS-MODEL. Furthermore, the ULBP2 was forecasted to be antigenic in nature and possesses six linear B-cell epitopes and 11 discontinuous B-cell epitopes. The protein contains seven cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and two helper T lymphocytes (HTLs). Overall, potential epitopes that might be effective to produce the B-cell and T-cell mediated immunity towards the needed immune response to tumour growth was predicted.

A. Finnane, C. Curiel-Lewandrowski, Glen Wimberley et al.

P. Chernyshov, M. D. Linder, N. Pustišek et al.

Masoud Keikha, mohsen Karbalaei Zadeh Babaki, Luiz Augusto Marcondes Fonseca et al.

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) is a retrovirus, which is the causative agent of adult T-cell leukaemia (ATL) and HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Evidence suggests that the interaction of HTLV-1 with the cellular-immune system plays a key role in the development of HAM/TSP. However, the main mechanism in this regard remains unknown. The present study aimed to review the HAM/TSP pathogenesis, current status of HTLV-1 in Iran, and available treatments for HTLV-1 infection.

P. Rather, I. Hassan

Demodex mite is an obligate human ecto-parasite found in or near the pilo-sebaceous units. Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis are two species typically found on humans. Demodex infestation usually remains asymptomatic and may have a pathogenic role only when present in high densities and also because of immune imbalance. All cutaneous diseases caused by Demodex mites are clubbed under the term demodicosis or demodicidosis, which can be an etiological factor of or resemble a variety of dermatoses. Therefore, a high index of clinical suspicion about the etiological role of Demodex in various dermatoses can help in early diagnosis and appropriate, timely, and cost effective management.

J.L. Klatte, N. Beek, P. Kemperman