Alexander W. Bartik, Marianne Bertrand, Zoë B. Cullen
et al.
In addition to its impact on public health, COVID-19 has had a major impact on the economy. To shed light on how COVID-19 is affecting small businesses – and on the likely impact of the recent stimulus bill, we conducted a survey of more than 5,800 small businesses. Several main themes emerge from the results. First, mass layoffs and closures have already occurred. In our sample, 43 percent of businesses are temporarily closed, and businesses have – on average – reduced their employee counts by 40 percent relative to January. Second, consistent with previous literature, we find that many small businesses are financially fragile. For example, the median business has more than $10,000 in monthly expenses and less than one month of cash on hand. Third, businesses have widely varying beliefs about the likely duration of COVID related disruptions. Fourth, the majority of businesses planned to seek funding through the CARES act. However, many anticipated problems with accessing the aid, such as bureaucratic hassles and difficulties establishing eligibility.
تتجلى أهمية الدراسة في إبراز وظيفة التكوين في كونها أساس التفوق و تأكيد القدرة على مسايرة التحديات بل و تجاوزها في مخبر صناعة الموارد البشرية في المصارف العمومية الجزائرية. من أجل ذلك، كان لزاما على وظيفة التكوين ضمان النتائج الآنية و المستقبلية المتبناة في السياسات العامة.
و لقد بينت عملية استطلاع آراء عينة مكونة من ( 107) إطار مركزي و جهوي متخصص في تسيير الموارد البشرية، و من مخرجات البرنامج الإحصائي (SPSS.V.21)، أن هناك علاقة ذات أثر ذو دلالة إحصائية بين وظيفة التكوين و بين المردودية المنتظرة من الموارد البشرية، دونما وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية حول مدى التزام مديري مراكز التكوين بتطبيق المناهج التي تعزز مكانة وظيفة التكوين، تعزى لعوامل المؤهل المهني، المؤهل العلمي، المنصب الحالي، الأقدمية.
Objetivo do Estudo: Evidenciar o papel central das micro e pequenas empresas (MPEs) para a superação da perversa desigualdade socioeconômica brasileira, destacando a necessidade de que recebam tratamento prioritário nas políticas públicas. Principais resultados: Ressaltando a desconhecida e negligenciada realidade das MPEs, demonstra que a produtividade é o principal desafio, pois a maioria das MPEs apresenta baixíssimos níveis de produtividade, operando em um ambiente de informalidade/semiformalidade, agravando o dilema produtivo do país, limitando seu potencial de crescimento e as possibilidades de superação da desigualdade. Mostra, ainda, que, embora as MPEs formais e informais, representem a parcela mais significativa da economia em termos de PIB e ocupações, são tratadas marginalmente, não recebendo do Estado, da academia ou da mídia, atenção compatível com essa importância. Relevância/originalidade: Traz uma crítica original à visão que reduz o empreendedorismo à criação de novos negócios, tratando-o como panaceia para os problemas nacionais. Propõe, em reverso, a requalificação dos empreendedores já existentes e o apoio a inovações que aumentem o conteúdo técnico dos postos de trabalho (modernização de processos de produção e gestão), resultando no aumento da produtividade e da competitividade das MPEs. Contribuições sociais/para a gestão: Sugere a formulação de políticas públicas que atribuam centralidade às MPEs o que resultaria em um processo de desenvolvimento inclusivo e sustentável. Além disso, enfatiza a premência de mais estudos sobre MPE e informalidade, para se compreender adequadamente a realidade desse segmento vital da economia brasileira
Yudina Nurhaliza, Dwi Novita Sari, Maisyahrani Maisyahrani
et al.
This research aims to analyze whether mudharabah and murabaha financing have an impact on maximizing real sector growth in Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei Darussalam. The method used in this research is quantitative with a descriptive-associative approach. The data used in this research comes from secondary data and time series data obtained from the Financial Services Authority (FSA) Islamic banking statistics report, Indonesian economic and financial statistics report, Kuwait Finance House annual report, Malaysian economy in Figures 2022 report, report annual Islamic bank Brunei Darussalam, and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) report. This research uses panel data regression analysis. The research results show that partial mudharabah and murabaha financing does not impact real sector growth. Simultaneously, mudharabah and murabaha financing significantly impact real sector growth. This research provides a new contribution to scientific development, stating that mudharabah and murabaha financing do not impact real sector growth. Practically, this research proves that there must be improvements related to mudharabah and murabaha financing so that they can have an impact on real sector growth.
Riset ini mencoba untuk menguji korelasi antara kesulitan keuangan perusahaan dan manipulasi laporan keuangan dengan menggunakan teknik manajemen laba. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga bermaksud untuk mengungkap hubungan antara kesulitan keuangan dan manajemen laba. Altman Z-score digunakan untuk mengevaluasi kondisi kesehatan keuangan perusahaan, sedangkan Beneish M-score dan model Jones yang dimodifikasi digunakan untuk memastikan adanya praktik manajemen laba. Laporan keuangan untuk periode 2018-2022 dari 567 perusahaan di Bursa Efek Indonesia dikumpulkan sebagai sampel berdasarkan mekanisme purposive sampling. Uji chi-square Pearson, uji Cramer's V, dan analisis korespondensi diterapkan guna menguji hipotesis yang ada. Buah dari riset ini membawa hasil yakni adanya kaitan antara financial distress dan praktik manajemen laba. Selain itu, perusahaan yang berada di zona abu-abu dan zona sehat lebih cenderung melakukan manipulasi laba. Penelitian ini mengimplikasikan bahwa financial distress dan manajemen laba dapat diukur dan dideteksi oleh siapa saja sehingga seluruh pengguna laporan keuangan tidak akan dirugikan ketika terjadi kecurangan.
Daniel Cortés-Denia, Manuel Pulido-Martos, Janine Bosak
et al.
Background
Several studies have examined the impact of leadership on employee well-being and health. However, this research has focused on a variable-centred approach. By contrast, the present study adopts a person-centred approach.
Aims
To (a) identify latent ‘resources’ profiles among two samples combining vigour at work, work engagement and physical activity levels; (b) examine the link between the identified profiles and indicators of psychological/physical health; and (c) test whether different levels of transformational leadership determine the probability of belonging to a particular profile.
Method
Two samples of workers, S1 and S2 (NS1 = 354; NS2 = 158), completed a cross-sectional survey before their annual medical examination.
Results
For S1, the results of latent profile analysis yielded three profiles: spiritless, spirited and high-spirited. Both high-spirited and spirited profiles showed a positive relationship with mental health, whereas spiritless showed a negative relationship. For S2, two profiles (spirited and spiritless) were replicated, with similar effects on mental health, but none of them was related to total cholesterol. In both samples, transformational leadership determined the probability of belonging to a particular profile.
Conclusions
Transformational leadership increased the probability of belonging to a more positive profile and, therefore, to better workers’ health.
Walter Yodah , Chrisphine Ouma , Graca Machel
et al.
This study tries to determine the impact of crude oil price fluctuations on the Consumer Price Index, CPI in Kenya, using the monthly data from 2012M1-2023M3. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test used in the analysis to test for stationarity for the series indicated that CPI and significant types of Crude oil (Kerosene, Diesel, and Super petrol) were non-stationary. The empirical analysis is carried out using cointegration by applying Johansen’s multivariate approach, which reveals that not more than one cointegrating relationship holds between oil prices and CPI in Kenya. The analysis using VECM further shows that the series deviation from equilibrium to disequilibrium cannot be corrected back to equilibrium in the long run. The impulse response functions reveal that oil price shocks positively affect CPI in Kenya. As expected, the forecasted values continue to exhibit an increasing trend in the central oil type prices and CPI values in Kenya. The Jacque-Bera test for normality, ARCH-LM test for Homoscedasticity, and Portmanteau test for serial correlation were used to test for the adequacy of the Model.
A study has been conducted, the actualisation of which is aimed at solving problems arising in the process of financial support for the implementation of the innovative model of economic development of Ukraine and the participation of banks and other participants in the innovation process. The purpose of the article is to develop a methodological basis for the formation of a system of financing innovative economic development. Methodology. The information base of the study is the official statistical sources and the results of scientific works of leading foreign and domestic scientists. The following methods were used: system methodological approach, synergetic, analytical and synthetic approach; comparison and systematisation; observation; graphic method; logical generalisation. Results. The study highlights the general methodological provisions (purpose, objectives, functions, principles and object), which became the basis for the formation of the system of investor financing of innovative economic development. Value/оriginality. For the first time, the components of the system of financing the innovative development of the economy are specified, i.e., the levels, subjects, objects, purposes and instruments of influence. Macro-, meso- and micro-economic levels are identified, which are considered as a whole and are interrelated. Each of the economic entities contributes to the financing of innovative economic development within the framework of its objectives and instruments of influence. Practical implications. The application of the proposed system of financing the innovative development of the economy will ensure a synergetic effect, the implementation of the strategic goals of innovative development, the realisation of the economic interests of the state and the participants in the innovation process.
With the transition from natural to virtual communication, there are new technologies for presenting information, the perception of which depends on its presentation by modern multimedia. Visual perception plays an important role in everyday life, helping in learning and communicating with other people. Behind the most effective perception is a complex process of understanding the information obtained. Visual perception of information includes the processes of seeing and reading. Building assumptions on what we see, we rely on expectations, beliefs, past knowledge and previous experience. Reading is a complex activity that involves both the process of perception and thought. At the very beginning of the formation of reading, understanding is not common, but only after perception, as the development and automation of reading skills, understanding begins to outpace the process of perception, manifested in the emergence of semantic assumptions, guessing meaning within words. Perception of visual image is accompanied by the actualization of its auditory-motor image, without which it is impossible to recognize. Reading is accompanied by inner speech. The same information can be understood by different people with different degrees of depth, which entails the existence of factors that affect the process of perception and understanding of texts. Such factors can be divided into the following groups: characteristics of the individual who acts as a subject of perception and understanding; parameters of the text and the reality that is reflected in this text; features of the situation in which the process of perception and understanding takes place. Text in a virtual environment, ie media information - is more accurately and quickly perceived by a person and it depends on various factors influencing perception, as well as the type and method of presenting information.
The purpose of the study is to analyze the perception of digitalized information, the formation of recommendations for professionals with UI / UX, which will be further formed into a prototype of a possible web directory. The aim is also to develop a possible tool model that can be used not only by the above specialists, but also by SMM-managers, business analysts and others. The methods of research were chosen analysis - the study of individual parts of the objects of study, comparing different approaches or their individual components to obtain a holistic picture of the subject area.