Parth Sharma, Akshithanand Kuzhikkat Jayaprakasan, S. Rao
et al.
Background: Non-communicable diseases are a growing public health concern in India. However, limited knowledge of community-based need for palliative care has contributed to its poor access. Objective: To assess the community-based palliative care needs, social security access, and the economic burden on families requiring home-based palliative care. Design: A community-based cross-sectional study. Methods: The entire population of an urban resettlement colony was surveyed by trained field research workers to identify people requiring home-based palliative care, whose needs were confirmed by a physician trained in palliative care needs identification. Data were collected on sociodemographics, health status, disease details, access to social security schemes, and economic impact. People in need of home-based palliative care were referred for home-based care and social security guidance. Data were analyzed using R and geographically mapped with ArcGIS and Google My Maps. Results: Out of 43,267 individuals, 0.21% (2 per 1000) required home-based palliative care. The majority were elderly males (60%), with 51.11% illiterate and 55.56% previously unemployed. Neurological disorders, primarily stroke (67.8%), were the leading cause of disability. The average Barthel Index score was 33, indicating severe dependence in nearly 49% of participants. 62.22% of families reported a negative quality of life, and 34.44% incurred debt due to illness. 73.33% had ration cards, 50% received pensions, and only 15.56% had public health insurance. The mean out-of-pocket healthcare expenditure was 58.56% of their per capita income and 11.11% of their total family income. Conclusion: The study highlights the significant need for home-based palliative care in urban areas and the financial hardship families face. There is a need for community-based package development for palliative care service delivery followed by an evaluation of its effectiveness.
Patricia C. Underwood, Kathryn Chirokas, Jordan Keels
et al.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) technology (i.e., continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) and insulin pumps) can improve clinical outcomes and use is on the rise. However, some studies highlight disparities in DM technology prescription rates across various race/ethnicity groups. Specifically, recent studies note baseline DM technology use was significantly lower for Black patients compared to their non-Black counterparts. This systematic review examined the available evidence on the association of prescription rates for DM technology use by race/ethnicity. Adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis- Equity guidelines (PRISMA-Equity), a literature search of observational studies published between 2017 and 2024 was conducted using Medline, Cochrane, PubMed, CINAHL, and Embase databases. Articles were included if they reported data on DM technology use by race/ethnicity. All studies reported significant differences in DM technology use by race/ethnicity; with White non-Hispanic (WNH) patients having the highest prescription rates (average 56.3% (range 12–79%)), followed by patients that identify as Hispanic (average 28.8% (range 4–76%)), and Black (average 21.3% (range 3–52%)). Secondary analyses examining the influence of glycemic control, patient experience, and social determinants of health (SDoH) on the relationship between race/ethnicity and DM technology use were conducted. Limitations of included studies are discussed including (1) inaccurate measurements of race and ethnicity that failed to identify the contextual detail of ethnicity and (2) limited measurements of health outcomes and SDoH. Further research is needed to more accurately examine the factors that influence the identified race/ethnicity disparities and to develop strategies that ensure equitable access to DM technology.
Medicine, Social insurance. Social security. Pension
Мета роботи. Розробити оптимізаційну математичну модель підвищення ефективності систем передачі та обробки інформації бойових безпілотних літальних апаратів (БПЛА) на основі інтегрального показника ефективності D, що відображає узагальнену оцінку стану системи зв’язку за сукупністю часткових показників.
Метод дослідження. В основу моделі покладено інтегральний показник D як цільову функцію, яку необхідно максимізувати. Змінними виступають не самі технічні показники, а керуючі параметри системи — такі як потужність передавача, кількість ретрансляторів, висота польоту, рівень енергоспоживання та стійкість каналу зв’язку. Кожен із часткових показників інтегрується в єдину оцінку ефективності. Для інтерпретації результатів використано критерії шкали Харрінгтона.
Результати дослідження. Розроблено математичну модель інтегрального оцінювання ефективності систем передачі та обробки інформації бойових БПЛА та проведено її апробацію шляхом комп’ютерного моделювання. Отримано залежності між відстанню між ретрансляторами, співвідношенням сигнал/шум та інтегральним показником ефективності D, які підтвердили адекватність моделі. Після впровадження удосконаленої методики інтегральний показник підвищився в середньому на 20–25 %, що свідчить про підвищення стійкості зв’язку та енергетичної ефективності.
Теоретична цінність дослідження. Дослідження збагачує теоретичну базу оцінювання ефективності систем зв’язку у військових інформаційних мережах, демонструючи, як множину часткових технічних параметрів можна агрегувати в один інтегральний критерій. Розроблений підхід може бути основою для створення універсальних моделей оцінювання ефективності інших інформаційно-комунікаційних систем подвійного призначення.
Оригінальність / Цінність дослідження. Новизна полягає у системній інтеграції шести базових показників у єдиний безрозмірний індекс ефективності D, який має як кількісну, так і якісну інтерпретацію. Запропоновано методику, що поєднує фізичні параметри системи зв’язку з оцінними критеріями стійкості та енергозабезпечення, що забезпечує комплексне оцінювання системи у бойових умовах.
Майбутні дослідження. У подальших роботах доцільно реалізувати програмний модуль для автоматизованої оцінки показників ефективності в реальному часі, інтегрувавши його у систему управління роями БПЛА. Також перспективним напрямом є розроблення адаптивних алгоритмів зважування часткових показників залежно від типу місії, радіоелектронної обстановки та динаміки бойових дій.
Abstract India’s economy is among the fastest growing in the world. However, a large share of informal workforce is a common characteristic of country’s economy, comprises a significant portion of most of its labour markets. This workforce often receives low wages and lacks benefits such as strong social security and health coverage for all. The majority of healthcare spending in India is private. As India’s population ages and the informal sector expands, it is expected that many of these workers will continue to work beyond the retirement age to bear their own healthcare costs due to lack of savings, pensions, and the precarious nature of their employment. In this context, this study estimates the burden of out-of-pocket (OOP) payments on India’s informal older workers compared to their formal counterparts, using data from the first wave of the nationally representative Longitudinal Ageing Study in India. According to estimates from the two-part regression model, informal older workers pay, on average, INR 1113 (P < 0.01) and INR 55 (P < 0.05) less than their formal counterparts for inpatient and outpatient care, respectively. Further, probit regression models revealed that the burden of combined (both inpatient and outpatient) OOP payments exceeding (by 40, 20 and 10%) of their income is significantly higher among informal older workers compared to formal older workers. The study underscores the need for strengthening of universal health insurance schemes to ensure everyone has access to medical services without experiencing financial hardship. It also advocates for policies specifically tailored towards informal workers, considering their unique challenges with regard to livelihoods and healthcare security. In particular, this encompasses bolstering the existing social security and healthcare system, and related policies for ensuring financial security against OOP payments, especially for informal workers and all the population in general.
In this contribution we give common guidelines on how unemployment schemes for the self-employed could be developed in practice. These guidelines have been derived from national descriptions contained in this special edition on unemployment protection for the self-employed, or in other recent comparative contributions on the matter. Our reference framework is the EU Council Recommendation (2019) on Access to Social Protection, and more in particular the overall objective that social protection should be designed in a labour status neutral manner and, where necessary, adapted to the specific work situation of the professional groups covered. Applied to unemployment, the design of the scheme should be as similar as possible to that of unemployment insurance for wage earners. However, it is crucial to adapt the rules as specifically as necessary to the nature of self-employed work, such as, for example, the fact that the self-employed do not work for an employer. Starting from this basis, we developed key rules with regard to unemployment schemes for the self-employed. We did so by addressing the essential components of unemployment schemes: the definition of the unemployment risk, financing, access and entitlement conditions, and re-eligibility in case of repeated claims for unemployment benefits. We also address recent evolutions in the labour market, such as coverage when multiple activities are performed (combining activities as an employee and as a self-employed person), and elaborate on situations involving temporary closure of the self-employed activity (e.g. due to Covid-19) and partial unemployment. In conclusion, we provide some reflections on the apparent ongoing evolution of the risk of unemployment towards a broader income protection scheme, which not only provides income replacement in case of a final loss of professional activity or self-employed business, but also gives structural income support if the person loses income partially due to external economic and/or social reasons.
The purpose of this study was to explore the motivations, experiences, and perceptions of individuals involved in volunteering for people with disabilities. This research seeks to contribute to the literature by addressing the intersection of volunteering and disability. The significance of the study lies in revealing the impact of volunteering on both volunteers and people with disabilities and in shedding light on social integration processes. Using a qualitative research method, in-depth interviews were conducted with 12 volunteers involved in activities for people with disabilities in the Bandırma district of Balıkesir province. The findings reveal the diversity of motivations for volunteering, the transformative effect of the volunteering experience, the complex nature of perceptions of disability, and the ongoing change in societal attitudes. In addition, the emotional responses of people with disabilities and suggestions for improving social integration are presented. The results point to the potential of volunteering activities to transform the societal perceptions of people with disabilities and emphasise the need for a multidimensional approach in this field. This study offers practical insights for the design and implementation of volunteering programmes. In this context, this research contributes to efforts to build a more inclusive and equitable society
Industrial relations, Social insurance. Social security. Pension
This paper proposes a hybrid approach that integrates fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making with multi-objective mathematical optimization to address the investment management problem in the Iranian capital market under interval uncertainty. To achieve this, we first employ the fuzzy SWARA method to assess the global importance of the criteria weights. Subsequently, we develop a fuzzy EDAS method to rank the active industries in the Iranian capital market, including basic metals, chemical products, investment services, metal ore mining, financing, insurance, pension funds, and social security. Next, we present a mathematical model to determine the optimal investment amount for each ranked alternative. According to the numerical results, the most critical criteria for evaluating different investment areas are access to financial resources, distribution networks, and raw materials. The highest optimal share of investment is associated with Fars 1, while the lowest value pertains to Gharn 1. When solving the model under conditions of uncertainty, we observe that increasing parameter from small to large values decreases the value of the first objective function for the most efficient Pareto member. However, when exceeds 10, the value of the first objective function stabilizes. Additionally, the third objective function shows an increasing trend as the parameter decreases. The results obtained can serve as a managerial tool for stakeholders involved in research participation.
In recent years, the issue of population aging has been a challenge for China’s economic and social development. Due to factors such as the imperfect pension security system, the financial vulnerability of families has been greatly impacted by population aging. Digital inclusive finance is a financial model that utilizes digital technology and innovative approaches to provide financial services to low-income groups and impoverished areas. With the rapid development of the concept of digital inclusive finance, an increasing number of households are beginning to use digital inclusive finance products. It is worth exploring whether this financial model can help alleviate the financial vulnerability of aging families. Therefore, it is of both theoretical and practical significance to study the role of digital inclusive finance in improving the financial vulnerability of aging families. This study assembled unbalanced panel data using both 2016 and 2018 China Household Tracking Survey (CFPS) data and the digital financial inclusion index. An empirical analysis was conducted using the ordered probit panel model. The research findings indicate the following: First, the increasing elderly population intensifies the financial vulnerability of families. Second, digital inclusive finance plays a significant role in improving the financial stability of aging families. Third, digital inclusive finance helps alleviate the impact of population aging on family financial vulnerability by mitigating credit constraints and increasing household income. Fourth, a heterogeneity analysis suggests that in female-headed households, the financial vulnerability caused by population aging is more severe, and the role of digital inclusive finance in improving family financial vulnerability is more prominent. Additionally, the purchase of commercial insurance can effectively alleviate the financial vulnerability of families caused by population aging.
Abstract Background More than half of the global population is not effectively covered by any type of social protection benefit and women's coverage lags behind. Most girls and boys living in low‐resource settings have no effective social protection coverage. Interest in these essential programmes in low and middle‐income settings is rising and in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic the value of social protection for all has been undoubtedly confirmed. However, evidence on whether the impact of different social protection programmes (social assistance, social insurance and social care services and labour market programmes) differs by gender has not been consistently analysed. Evidence is needed on the structural and contextual factors that determine differential impacts. Questions remain as to whether programme outcomes vary according to intervention implementation and design. Objectives This systematic review aims to collect, appraise, and synthesise the evidence from available systematic reviews on the differential gender impacts of social protection programmes in low and middle‐income countries. It answers the following questions: 1. What is known from systematic reviews on the gender‐differentiated impacts of social protection programmes in low and middle‐income countries?2. What is known from systematic reviews about the factors that determine these gender‐differentiated impacts?3. What is known from existing systematic reviews about design and implementation features of social protection programmes and their association with gender outcomes? Search Methods We searched for published and grey literature from 19 bibliographic databases and libraries. The search techniques used were subject searching, reference list checking, citation searching and expert consultations. All searches were conducted between 10 February and 1 March 2021 to retrieve systematic reviews published within the last 10 years with no language restrictions. Selection Criteria We included systematic reviews that synthesised evidence from qualitative, quantitative or mixed‐methods studies and analysed the outcomes of social protection programmes on women, men, girls, and boys with no age restrictions. The reviews included investigated one or more types of social protection programmes in low and middle‐income countries. We included systematic reviews that investigated the effects of social protection interventions on any outcomes within any of the following six core outcome areas of gender equality: economic security and empowerment, health, education, mental health and psychosocial wellbeing, safety and protection and voice and agency. Data Collection and Analysis A total of 6265 records were identified. After removing duplicates, 5250 records were screened independently and simultaneously by two reviewers based on title and abstract and 298 full texts were assessed for eligibility. Another 48 records, identified through the initial scoping exercise, consultations with experts and citation searching, were also screened. The review includes 70 high to moderate quality systematic reviews, representing a total of 3289 studies from 121 countries. We extracted data on the following areas of interest: population, intervention, methodology, quality appraisal, and findings for each research question. We also extracted the pooled effect sizes of gender equality outcomes of meta‐analyses. The methodological quality of the included systematic reviews was assessed, and framework synthesis was used as the synthesis method. To estimate the degree of overlap, we created citation matrices and calculated the corrected covered area. Main Results Most reviews examined more than one type of social protection programme. The majority investigated social assistance programmes (77%, N = 54), 40% (N = 28) examined labour market programmes, 11% (N = 8) focused on social insurance interventions and 9% (N = 6) analysed social care interventions. Health was the most researched (e.g., maternal health; 70%, N = 49) outcome area, followed by economic security and empowerment (e.g., savings; 39%, N = 27) and education (e.g., school enrolment and attendance; 24%, N = 17). Five key findings were consistent across intervention and outcomes areas: (1) Although pre‐existing gender differences should be considered, social protection programmes tend to report higher impacts on women and girls in comparison to men and boys; (2) Women are more likely to save, invest and share the benefits of social protection but lack of family support is a key barrier to their participation and retention in programmes; (3) Social protection programmes with explicit objectives tend to demonstrate higher effects in comparison to social protection programmes without broad objectives; (4) While no reviews point to negative impacts of social protection programmes on women or men, adverse and unintended outcomes have been attributed to design and implementation features. However, there are no one‐size‐fits‐all approaches to design and implementation of social protection programmes and these features need to be gender‐responsive and adapted; and (5) Direct investment in individuals and families' needs to be accompanied by efforts to strengthen health, education, and child protection systems. Social assistance programmes may increase labour participation, savings, investments, the utilisation of health care services and contraception use among women, school enrolment among boys and girls and school attendance among girls. They reduce unintended pregnancies among young women, risky sexual behaviour, and symptoms of sexually transmitted infections among women. Social insurance programmes increase the utilisation of sexual, reproductive, and maternal health services, and knowledge of reproductive health; improve changes in attitudes towards family planning; increase rates of inclusive and early initiation of breastfeeding and decrease poor physical wellbeing among mothers. Labour market programmes increase labour participation among women receiving benefits, savings, ownership of assets, and earning capacity among young women. They improve knowledge and attitudes towards sexually transmitted infections, increase self‐reported condom use among boys and girls, increase child nutrition and overall household dietary intake, improve subjective wellbeing among women. Evidence on the impact of social care programmes on gender equality outcomes is needed. Authors' Conclusions Although effectiveness gaps remain, current programmatic interests are not matched by a rigorous evidence base demonstrating how to appropriately design and implement social protection interventions. Advancing current knowledge of gender‐responsive social protection entails moving beyond effectiveness studies to test packages or combinations of design and implementation features that determine the impact of these interventions on gender equality. Systematic reviews investigating the impact of social care programmes, old age pensions and parental leave on gender equality outcomes in low and middle‐income settings are needed. Voice and agency and mental health and psychosocial wellbeing remain under‐researched gender equality outcome areas.
Introduction: The representation of subalterns in written texts is one of the formative factors contributing to the social life. Furthermore, by considering the representations of subalterns in written texts, one can gain insights into the mindset of the authors regarding subalterns and how they approach these groups.
Method: Our objective in this paper is first to examine various issues of the "Ettela'at" daily throughout years to uncover the representation of subalterns in a government newspaper and to reconstruct perspective of the national bureaucracy towards them. Second, we aim to depict some of the modes of interaction of subalterns with the government during these years, as far as they have been portrayed in the government newspaper "Ettela'at". Our focus will be on the representation of subalterns in Tehran.
Findings: subalterns become visible only during times of crisis and critical situations. They are often collected and returned to their places of origin and sometimes are assigned a temporary job, always subject to inspection. Regarding the government's approach to subalterns, we can talk of the "dialectic of inefficiency".
Discussion: In terms of the interaction between urban subalterns and the government, in the absence of basic life necessities such as work and bread, their focus is primarily on survival. They cannot think, let alone reach, beyond the confines of this immediate struggle.
Мета роботи: розроблення методу попередження надзвичайних ситуацій терористичного характеру шляхом оцінки можливості ступеневого росту деструктивних подій.
Метод: метод теорії ймовірності, метод експертних оцінок.
Результати дослідження: розроблено інформаційно-технічний метод попередження надзвичайних ситуацій терористичного характеру шляхом оцінки можливості ступеневого росту деструктивних подій, викликаних каскадними наслідками первинного терористичного впливу який призначений для ідентифікації та прогнозування потенційних загроз і визначення деструктивного потенціалу таких подій.
Теоретична цінність дослідження: попередження надзвичайних ситуацій терористичного характеру шляхом оцінки деструктивних подій в умовах каскадних наслідків терористичного впливу.
Тип статті: описовий та дослідницький.
Purpose: The recent rise in the gig economy has led to change in supply and demand of labour globally. People have opted to work as freelancers or contractors on projects of multiple companies. On the other hand, have also seen it beneficial to outsource for gig workers whenever they need them to work for a specific period since it has helped them cut on the labour costs of hiring permanent employees. The goal of this study is to identify and discuss the roles of the gig economy in the insurance sector. The purpose of this work is to enhance the reader’s understanding on what is a gig economy and its role in the insurance sector. Methodology: A desktop literature review was used for this purpose. Relevant seminal references and journal articles for the study were identified using Google Scholar. The inclusion criteria entailed papers that were not over five years old. Findings: The study concluded that gig workers are excluded from pool of benefits that permanent employees enjoy, such as insurance coverage, paid sick leaves, paid vacations and pension plans. Hence the gig economy has provided a business opportunity to the insurance sector to provide insurance benefits to gig workers especially where the social security and protections plans are mandatory. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommended that it is important for gig economy to partner with the insurance sector so as to provide mandatory social security and protection plans to all gig workers. In addition, the insurance sector should outsource for gig workers whenever they are needed since they have access to digital platforms that help them provide quality services to their customers.
butions. Over the years, capitalist systems have tried to mitigate poverty by providing ‘safety nets’ of social security and national insurance – e.g. welfare capitalism (see Esping-Anderson, G. (1990) The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism. Princeton: Princeton University Press), but these modifications are not explained. A historic example is the American response to the USWall Street crash of 1929, which caused wide-spread poverty. The federal government’s response introduced as part of President Roosevelt’s ‘New Deal’ a modified welfare capitalist system that included social security providing unemployment benefits and old age pensions (see Ditch, J. (ed) (1999) Introduction to Social Security: Policies, Benefits and Poverty. London: Routledge), thus mitigating the impact of pure capitalism. Most western countries now practice forms of modified welfare capitalism, but the book does not inform readers about these. The lack of research evidence is more evident in some chapters than others. Dawn Belkin Martinez’ Chapter 6 ‘Social work and the COVID-19 crisis in the United States’ contains ample references; Nicos Trimikliniotis’ Chapter 19 ‘Re-racialisation of migrants and the ‘refugee crisis’ during COVID-19’ demonstrates creative reasoning, and Sarah Banks’ Chapter 20 ‘Rethinking right and wrong. Social work, COVID 19 and the crisis of ethics’ is well argued and supported. The book’s references are presented at the end, but may have been more effective if placed after each Chapter’s conclusion.
Maria Yarmolchyk, Oleksandr Vodchyts, Liliia Semenenko
et al.
Мета роботи: на основі аналізу досвіду зарубіжних вчених та діяльності військових підрозділів Збройних Сил України встановити вплив міжособистісних відносин між військовослужбовцями на рівень прояву невротичних станів.
Дизайн/Метод/Підхід дослідження: теоретичні (аналіз, синтез, узагальнення, порівняння), емпіричні (опитування, спостереження, тестування), методи математичної статистики (критерій Колмогорова-Смiрнова, коефіцієнти кореляції Пiрсона та Стьюдента), методики для діагностики психологічного стану.
Результати дослідження: досліджено та встановлено яким чином міжособистісні відносини в підрозділі впливають на рівень виникнення невротичних станів у військовослужбовців.
Теоретична цінність дослідження: основним результатом досліджень за тематикою статті є визначення параметрів міжособистісних відносин у військовому підрозділі, які є предиктами розвитку невротичних станів.
Тип статті: науково-практична (дослідницька).
Olena Azarenko, Yulia Honcharenko, Mykhailo Divizinyuk
et al.
Мета роботи: на основі систематизації особливостей поширення акустичних хвиль залежно від різних станів повітряного середовища показано їх вплив на вирішення прикладних завдань знімання мовної інформації на відкритій місцевості, та запропоновано оперативний швидкий облік цих факторів у вирішенні прикладних завдань.
Дизайн/Метод/Підхід дослідження: при виконанні цієї роботи використовувалися методи аналізу властивостей хвильових процесів, методи опису акустичних полів, систематизації та узагальнення даних та знань, методи перетворення складних систем.
Результати дослідження: статті досліджено швидкості поширення звуку в атмосфері, що є головною акустичною характеристикою повітряного середовища, яка повністю залежить від параметрів цього середовища (атмосферний тиск, температура повітря, його вологість, а також наявність додаткових домішок). Вертикальний розподіл швидкості звуку в приземних шарах атмосфери повністю визначає поширення акустичних хвиль і їх викривлення – рефрагування. Розглянуто поняття фактора аномалії повітряного середовища та його обліку при вирішенні прикладних завдань знімання мовної інформації.
Теоретична цінність дослідження: полягає в тому, що складні розрахунки фактора аномалії повітряного середовища для отримання очікуваної дальності виявлення акустичних сигналів може визначатися як добуток значення енергетичної дальності виявлення на значення коефіцієнта впливу середовища в приземних шарах атмосфери.
Тип статті: науково-практична.
AbstractThe Chinese social security system has been the subject of numerous publications, which have made policy developments more accessible to researchers and administrators from all countries. However, the steps introduced in response to growing demands for intervention by the authorities in favour of dependent persons have remained poorly documented in the international literature. The purpose of this article is to take stock of pilot experiments in this field since the beginning of the 13th Five‐Year Plan (2016–2020) with regard to their policy objective, operating mode and financing modalities.
Turkey has one of the lowest unionization rates among the OECD countries. In January 2021, the unionization rate was recorded as 14.40%; an extremely low figure, given the nation’s approximately 14 million workers. Attitudes and awareness of individuals toward unions are influential factors that stimulate the tendency toward unionization. When individuals perceive unions as organizations that defend workers’ rights and raise the interests of workers, this can result in higher membership rates. In contrast, a qualified and educated workforce with increased individual bargaining power requires fewer trade unions. Within this framework, a quantitative study was conducted with senior students expected to soon graduate and enter the labor market. The effects of university students’ vocational outcome expectations, trade union awareness, and perceptions were examined with partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), to assess whether students’ awareness of trade unions exerts a regulatory impact. Data for this study were collected through surveys, employing an easy sampling method. The analysis of the students’ vocational outcome expectations did not reveal an effect on trade union attitudes. Conversely, when students’ awareness of trade unions increases, trade union attitudes simultaneously rise. Finally, the research indicated that union awareness exerts a regulatory impact.
Industrial relations, Social insurance. Social security. Pension
Підвищення ефективності виробництва і якості зразків озброєння та військової техніки не можливе без досягнення необхідної достовірності кількісної інформації про значення параметрів, які характеризують зразки озброєння, що розробляються, створюються та експлуатуються. Джерелами такої інформації є вимірювання. Результати вимірювань будуть об'єктивними та достовірними тільки при правильній організації отримання вимірювальної інформації. Цього неможливо досягти без належного метрологічного забезпечення.
В статті викладені загальні принципи метрологічного забезпечення як складової системи контролю якості зразків озброєння, описаний процес метрологічного забезпечення зразків озброєння та військової техніки на різних стадіях їх життєвого циклу, визначені основні цілі та завдання метрологічного забезпечення.
Важливість метрологічного забезпечення не обмежується його роллю щодо підвищення якості озброєння та військової техніки. Вимірювання лежать в основі процесів обліку витрат та раціонального використання матеріальних ресурсів, методів технічної діагностики та моніторингу процесу експлуатації озброєння та військової техніки.