Hasil untuk "Norway"

Bjørn Moum, Marte Lie Høivik, Benoit Follin-Arbelet et al.

The Inflammatory Bowel Disease in South-Eastern Norway (IBSEN) study group was initially established to ascertain the precise incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) within a specific region of Norway, thereby contributing to a global initiative aimed at elucidating the increasing prevalence of these conditions. The study was designed to foster close collaboration among national and international experts, including gastroenterologists, specialists, and private practitioners within the study area. Patients were enrolled prospectively over a 4-year period, from January 1, 1990, to December 31, 1993, based on established international diagnostic criteria and a follow-up protocol encompassing 1, 5, 10, 20, and 30-year intervals. The consortium operated through a bidirectional communication network connecting primary and secondary specialized hospitals, encompassing general hospitals and research laboratories. In 2017, the IBSEN III study was launched to facilitate a comparison of clinical and epidemiological outcomes with those of the original IBSEN study, involving an expanded catchment area and more extensive clinical and molecular assessments of the cohort. This narrative review reflects the consortium’s activities through 2024 and provides comprehensive details regarding the research areas and outcomes of national and international collaborations for both IBSEN study.

Kristiina Aalto, Hannu Kautiainen, Anders Fasth et al.

Introduction The age at the onset of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) can influence the trajectory of the disease. We aimed to clarify how age at the visit 6 months after the onset as a continuous variable affects long-term remission of JIA.Methods This study investigated 358 patients from the Nordic JIA cohort study. Age at diagnosis was analysed continuously. Three age groups were studied: under 3 years, 3–5 years and over 6 years of age. JIA was categorised as oligoarthritis, seronegative polyarthritis and others (enthesitis-related, psoriatic and undifferentiated arthritis). Clinical data, collected at 6 months after the onset of symptoms, included information about disease activity, uveitis, laboratory test values and medication. The outcomes assessed 17.5 years after diagnosis included remission, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and functional ability.Results The majority of patients with oligoarthritis and polyarthritis were diagnosed before age six, compared with 29% in the group of others. In the oligoarthritis group, predictors of remission included age at diagnosis, male gender, the Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score-71 (JADAS71) and the absence of uveitis. In seronegative polyarthritis, predictors of remission were age at diagnosis and JADAS71 score. In the oligoarthritis group, remission rates were highest in both genders when diagnosed <3 years of age. In the seronegative polyarthritis group, this was not true for female patients. Age at diagnosis had no significant effect on HRQoL or functional ability.Conclusions Age at diagnosis in the oligoarthritis was inversely and in the seronegative polyarthritis positively associated with long-term remission in JIA, primarily in females.

Arve Hansen

I boken Slava Ukraini! undersøker journalisten Lisa Bjurwald hvordan den russiske aggresjonskrigen oppleves av ukrainske kvinner, hva de tenker om nå- og framtid, og hvor de får sin styrke fra. In the book Slava Ukraini!, journalist Lisa Bjurwald explores how Ukrainian women experience the Russian war of aggression, what they think about the present and future, and where they draw their strength from.

Yu Han, Merete Tangstad

Tonny Stenheim, Kjell Magne Baksaas

Bærekraftsrapportering er et tema som opptar mange – først og fremst de som skal utarbeide slik rapportering, men også de som skal attestere eller bruke slik rapportering som grunnlag for beslutninger. Enkelte vil hevde at det som nå skjer innen bærekraftsrapportering, er like stort som eller større enn overgangen fra nasjonale regnskapsregler til IFRS for snart 20 år siden. Mens finansiell rapportering har vært regulert i 100–150 år, er bærekraftsrapportering noe som er rimelig nytt. Utfordringene er derfor store. En betydelig del av dette temanummeret om regnskap og revisjon er derfor viet nettopp bærekraftsrapportering. Abstract in English Sustainability reporting is a topic that concerns many – primarily those who prepare such reporting, but also those who certify or use such reporting as a basis for decisions. Some would argue that what is now happening in sustainability reporting is as big as or even bigger than the transition from national accounting rules to IFRS almost 20 years ago. While financial reporting has been regulated for 100-150 years, sustainability reporting is relatively new. The challenges are therefore great. A significant part of this thematic issue on accounting and auditing is therefore devoted to sustainability reporting.

Mette Skak

Nina Camilla Wergeland, Åshild Fause, Astrid Karine Weber et al.

Background Norway introduced capacity-based legislation in mental healthcare on 1 September 2017 with the aim of increasing patient autonomy and legal protection and reducing the use of coercion. The new legislation was expected to be particularly important for patients under community treatment orders (CTOs). Aims To explore health professionals’ experiences of how capacity-based legislation affects healthcare services for patients whose compulsory treatment order was revoked as a result of being assessed as having capacity to consent. Method Nine health professionals responsible for treatment and care of patients whose CTO was revoked owing to the new legislation were interviewed in depth from September 2019 to March 2020. We used a hermeneutic approach to the interviews and analysis of the transcripts. Results The participants found that capacity-based legislation raised their awareness of their responsibility for patient autonomy and involvement in treatment and care. They also felt a need for more frequent assessments of patients’ condition and capacity to consent and more flexibility between levels of care. Conclusions The study shows that health professionals found that capacity-based legislation raised their awareness of their responsibility for patient autonomy and involvement in treatment and care. They sought closer dialogue with patients, providing information and advice, and more frequently assessing patients’ condition to adjust treatment and care to enable them to retain their capacity to consent. This could be challenging and required competence, continuity and close collaboration between personnel in different healthcare services at primary and specialist level.

My Hellsing, Johanna Vernqvist

Birgitta Blakstad Nilsson, Pernille Lunde

Introduction: Cardiac rehabilitation is an interdisciplinary treatment in which the physiotherapist has a central role. The aim of this paper is to describe the organization of cardiac rehabilitation in Norway and to summarize the evidence with a focus on the role of the physiotherapist. Main part: A description of the phases of cardiac rehabilitation in Norway is presented. The focus is kept on the two major dominant patient groups: coronary heart disease and chronic heart failure. Additionally, the paper presents knowledge and experiences from other patient groups referred to cardiac rehabilitation. Conclusion: The physiotherapist is essential in the interdisciplinary team and is often the one following the patients over time. There is no doubt that exercise is a cornerstone of cardiac rehabilitation. However, cardiac rehabilitation is more than exercise, and the physiotherapist should have knowledge of various diagnoses to provide evidence-based follow-up.

Anette Sofie Bernsen, Amund Langøy, Margareth Eilifsen

Artikkelen bygger på konteksttilpasset intervensjonsdesign i en barnehage som jobber aktivt med barnehagens lekemiljø. Hele forskningsprosjektet er gjennomført av tre faglærere innen fagene drama, pedagogikk og fysisk fostring i barnehagelærerutdanningen. Avdelinger i barnehagen ble transformert og iscenesatt av ulike materialer og visuelle elementer. Formålet var å designe alternative løsninger som konsept til tradisjonelle etablerte lekerom. Studien drøfter personalets aktive deltagelse i intervensjonene, og hva som skaper motivasjon og forståelse av rommets betydning for pedagogisk praksis. Studien kan bidra til eksisterende kunnskap ved å se på nye perspektiver og tilnærminger til barnehagelærerrollen. Datamaterialet består av observasjoner som ble gjort under to personalsamlinger, to fokusgruppeintervjuer og forskningsdagbok fra prosjektet med et forløp på ett år. Det teoretiske grunnlaget for studien er Deci og Ryan (2000) sin selvbestemmelsesteori, og det empiriske materialet er analysert med utgangspunkt i David Kolb (2015) sine refleksjoner rundt erfaring som ressurs for læring og utvikling. Funnene viser at egne kroppslige erfaringer og aktiv deltagelse i kollektive prosesser over tid skaper motivasjon for endring i den pedagogiske praksisen hos personalet. Økt kompetanse med eksperimentering med lekemiljøer fører til indre regulert motivasjon. Personalet motiveres av barnas entusiasme, som igjen fører til større grad av medvirkning for barna i eget lekemiljø. Det skapes en delingskultur for kreativitet i tilretteleggingen

Sabine Kaiser, Astrid M. Richardsen, Monica Martinussen

Few studies have looked at the relationship of job characteristics and worker well-being among Norwegian academics. The main purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between job demands, job resources, burnout, and engagement among Norwegian university staff. In total, 236 staff from one university in Norway answered the questionnaire. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses identified job demands as the most important predictors for burnout. Autonomy was the most important job resource in the prediction of engagement and burnout. What constitutes a job resource or a job demand varies from occupation to occupation. The present study adds to the existing literature by examining factors that may protect or harm the individual workers’ health and well-being in a Norwegian university context.

Jacobo Rouces, Lars Borin, Nina Tahmasebi

Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis constitutes a more fine-grained alternative to traditional sentiment analysis at sentence level. In addition to a sentiment value denoting how positive or negative a particular opinion or sentiment expression is, it identifies additional aspects or ‘slots’ that characterize the opinion. Some typical aspects are target and source, i.e. who holds the opinion and about which entity or aspect is the opinion. We present a large Swedish corpus annotated for Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis. Each sentiment expression is annotated as a tuple that contains the following fields: one among 5 possible sentiment values, the target, the source, and whether the sentiment expressed is ironic. In addition, the linguistic element that conveys the sentiment is identified too. Sentiment for a particular topic is also annotated at title, paragraph and document level. The documents are articles obtained from two Swedish media (Svenska Dagbladet and Aftonbladet) and one online forum (Flashback), totalling around 4000 documents. The corpus is freely available and we plan to use it for training and testing an Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis system.

Lane Fischer, Olga Belikov, Tarah K. Ikahihifo et al.

A survey of 2,574 students and 1,157 faculty members across ten institutions of postsecondary education in the state of Utah was conducted by the Utah Academic Libraries Consortium. Survey items were created to understand the influence of textbook costs on student academic behavior and the viability of faculty adopting open educational resources (OER) as a solution to the cost of textbooks and the possible need for librarian support of OER. Two-year and four-year institutions were compared to identify differences that might exist between them. Most students felt that their academic success was negatively impacted by textbook cost, particularly at two-year institutions where students registered for fewer courses because of associated textbook costs. Faculty survey findings showed that adjunct professors were more likely to require a traditionally copyright-restricted textbook. Approximately 90% of participants indicated they would be willing to use suitable OER for their course, and almost half of survey participants expressed a desire for help finding these resources.

David Z. Gao, David Z. Gao, David Z. Gao et al.

Dielectric oxide films in electronic devices undergo significant structural changes during device operation under bias. These changes are usually attributed to aggregation of oxygen vacancies resulting in formation of oxygen depleted regions and conductive filaments. However, neutral oxygen vacancies have high diffusion barriers in ionic oxides and their interaction and propensity for aggregation are still poorly understood. In this paper we briefly review the existing data on static configurations of neutral dimers and trimers of oxygen vacancies in technologically relevant SiO2 and HfO2 and then provide new results on the structure and properties of these defects in amorphous SiO2 and HfO2. These results demonstrate weak interaction between neutral O vacancies, which does not explain their quick aggregation. We propose that trapping of electrons, injected from an electrode, by the vacancies may result in creation of new neutral vacancies in the vicinity of pre-existing vacancies. We describe this mechanism in a-SiO2 and demonstrate that this process becomes more efficient as the vacancy clusters grow larger.

Liu Tingfa, Chen Haoruo, Buckley Róisín M. et al.

The installation and loading of steel piles driven in sands modifies both the piles' surface topography and the characteristics of the granular materials present adjacent to the pile shaft. Large-displacement ring shear interface tests incorporating pre-conditioning stages are capable of reproducing such physical processes in the laboratory and can generate case-specific interface design parameters. This paper summarises laboratory research that characterised the interface shearing behaviour of three natural sandy soils retrieved from field test sites (Dunkirk, France; Blessington, Ireland; Larvik, SE Norway) where extensive piling studies on micro and industrial scale driven piles have been carried out. The programme examined the influences of soil characteristics (physical properties and chemical compositions), interface type (mild steel or stainless steel) and surface roughness, and highlighted the significant effects of normal effective stress level and ageing time duration. Remarkable trends of increasing interface friction angles with elevated normal effective stress levels and prolonged ageing were observed. The results from supplementary small-displacement direct shear interface tests and triaxial tests are also reported. The experiments are interpreted with reference to earlier studies to develop an overview of interface shearing characteristics between steels and sandy soils and provide important insights into the mechanisms of axial capacity increases applying to steel piles driven in sands.

Kirsti Grøtan, Erik R. Sund, Erik R. Sund et al.

Student life can be stressful and for some students it may cause mental distress. Besides being a major public health challenge, mental distress can influence academic achievement. The main objectives of the current study were to examine associations of mental distress with academic self-efficacy and study progress. A secondary aim was to examine mental health help seeking for students with mental distress. Data was derived from the Norwegian Students’ health and welfare survey 2014 (SHOT 2014) which is the first major survey comprising questions of both mental health, academic self-efficacy and psychosocial factors amongst students. Utilizing these data for a Norwegian region, we found that 749 (31%) of the 2430 Norwegian full-time students under the age of 35 responded to the survey. Symptoms of mental distress were measured using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL-25) and academic self-efficacy was measured using a Norwegian version of the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) tailored to the academic setting. Demographic-, social, lifestyle, and study-related variables were included in the analyses. Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship between mental distress, academic self-efficacy, and academic performance. Seventeen percent reported severe symptoms of psychological distress which is similar to the overall prevalence among students in Norway. Students reporting severe mental distress were four times as likely to report low academic self-efficacy and twice as likely to report delayed study progress compared to students reporting few or moderate symptoms of mental distress. 27% of those reporting severe mental distress had sought professional help whereas 31% had considered seeking help. The study showed that there was a strong association between symptoms of mental distress, academic self-efficacy and study progress. Prospective studies should evaluate whether improved help-seeking and psychological treatment can promote students mental health and ultimately improve academic self-efficacy and study progress.

S. Acharya, D. Adamová, M.M. Aggarwal et al.

The production of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays in p–Pb collisions at sNN=5.02 TeV was studied for 2<pT<16 GeV/c with the ALICE detector at the CERN LHC. The measurement was performed at forward (p-going direction) and backward (Pb-going direction) rapidity, in the ranges of rapidity in the centre-of-mass system (cms) 2.03<ycms<3.53 and −4.46<ycms<−2.96, respectively. The production cross sections and nuclear modification factors are presented as a function of transverse momentum (pT). At forward rapidity, the nuclear modification factor is compatible with unity while at backward rapidity, in the interval 2.5<pT<3.5 GeV/c, it is above unity by more than 2σ. The ratio of the forward-to-backward production cross sections is also measured in the overlapping interval 2.96<|ycms|<3.53 and is smaller than unity by 3.7σ in 2.5<pT<3.5 GeV/c. The data are described by model calculations including cold nuclear matter effects.

Elin Festøy

Folkefinansieringsmarkedet har modnet og vokst - på godt og vondt. En vellykket kampanje kan gi den oppmerksomhet og finansiering prosjektet trenger for å bli vellykket, men samtidig kan en folkefinansierings-flopp være ødeleggende. Folkefinansierings-kampanjer har blitt en intens høyrisiko-sport hvor alt fra kvalitet på kampanjevideo, budskap, valg av kampanjemål og tilgang på kontaktlister må stemme og skape en logisk historie for prosjektet. Kommunikasjonsutfordringen er stor. I denne artikkelen beskrives noen av de kritiske faktorene for å kunne gjennomføre en vellykket folkefinansierings-kampanje.

Tor-Olav Nævestad, S. Meyer

C. Kyrø, G. Skeie, L. Dragsted et al.