Hasil untuk "Materials Science"

Matthew Li, Jun Lu, Zhongwei Chen et al.

Over the past 30 years, significant commercial and academic progress has been made on Li‐based battery technologies. From the early Li‐metal anode iterations to the current commercial Li‐ion batteries (LIBs), the story of the Li‐based battery is full of breakthroughs and back tracing steps. This review will discuss the main roles of material science in the development of LIBs. As LIB research progresses and the materials of interest change, different emphases on the different subdisciplines of material science are placed. Early works on LIBs focus more on solid state physics whereas near the end of the 20th century, researchers began to focus more on the morphological aspects (surface coating, porosity, size, and shape) of electrode materials. While it is easy to point out which specific cathode and anode materials are currently good candidates for the next‐generation of batteries, it is difficult to explain exactly why those are chosen. In this review, for the reader a complete developmental story of LIB should be clearly drawn, along with an explanation of the reasons responsible for the various technological shifts. The review will end with a statement of caution for the current modern battery research along with a brief discussion on beyond lithium‐ion battery chemistries.

Ju Mei, Nelson L C Leung, R. K. Kwok et al.

D. Su, S. Perathoner, G. Centi

J. Callow, M. Callow

M. Geers, V. Kouznetsova, W. Brekelmans

Anubhav Jain, G. Hautier, C. Moore et al.

D. Farrusseng, S. Aguado, C. Pinel

A. Bhargav, Jiarui He, Abhay Gupta et al.

Amruth Bhargav is a PhD student in the Materials Science and Engineering graduate program at the University of Texas at Austin. He obtained his B.E. in Mechanical Engineering from Visvesvaraya Technological University, India, in 2013 and a Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering from Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis in 2016. His research mainly focuses on lithium-sulfur and lithium-organosulfur batteries. Dr. Jiarui He is a postdoctoral fellow in the Texas Materials Institute at the University of Texas at Austin. He obtained his B.E. (2012) and his PhD (2018) in electronic information materials and devices from the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China. His research interests are in the area of electrochemical conversion and storage materials. He has authored more than 76 publications, with 3,000 citations and an h-index of 33 (Google Scholar). Abhay Gupta is a PhD student in the Materials Science and Engineering graduate program at the University of Texas at Austin. He received his bachelor’s degree from the Hildebrand Department of Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering at the University of Texas at Austin in 2016. His research mainly focuses on lithium-sulfur batteries with an emphasis on low-temperature performance. Professor Arumugam Manthiram is the Cockrell Family Regents Chair in engineering and the Director of Texas Materials Institute and the Materials Science and Engineering program at the University of Texas at Austin. His research interests are in the area of materials for rechargeable batteries and fuel cells, including novel synthesis approaches, advanced characterization, and prototype device fabrication. He has authored more than 800 publications, with 60,000 citations and an h-index of 123 (Google Scholar). See https://www.sites.utexas.edu/manthiram for further details.

Stuart L. James

R. Friend, R. W. Gymer, A. Holmes et al.

W. J. O'brien

Y. Shirota

László Mercs, M. Albrecht

This tutorial review compiles the advances that have been achieved in using transition metal complexes containing N-heterocyclic carbene ligands as components for materials. Applications of metal carbene complexes in fields different from catalysis are remarkably scarce. During the last few years, promising results have been accomplished in particular by utilizing such complexes as antimicrobial and cytotoxic agents, as photoactive sites in luminescent materials, for self-assembly into liquid crystalline materials and metallosupramolecular structures, and as synthons for molecular switches and conducting polymeric materials. These initial achievements clearly underline the great potential of N-heterocyclic carbene complexes in various fields of materials science.

S. Simon, S. Erduran, J. Osborne

T. Le, V. Epa, F. Burden et al.

T. Klapötke

This graduate-level textbook treats the basic chemistry of high energy materials - primary and secondary explosives, propellants, rocket fuel and pyrotechnics - and provides a review of new research developments. Applications in both military and civil fields are discussed. This book also offers new insights into 'green' chemistry requirements and strategies for military applications. This work should be of interest to advanced students in chemistry, materials science and engineering, as well as all those working in defense technology.

Lingyi Cao, Zishen Liu, Jijun Jiao et al.

To investigate the deterioration of impact toughness in Q690 high-strength steel welded joints, a systematic study was conducted using Gleeble thermal simulated tests combined with Charpy impact tests, microhardness measurements, and microstructural analysis. The research focused on the microstructural evolution in different zones of the welded joint and its influence on mechanical properties. The results indicate that the weld metal (WM) and coarse-grained heat-affected zone (CGHAZ) are the weakest regions of the joint. The CGHAZ exhibits significantly reduced impact toughness (72 J) due to grain coarsening and the formation of lath martensite/bainite, with fracture surfaces showing cleavage characteristics. The weld metal demonstrates inhomogeneous microstructures, leading to an average impact energy of only 79.2 J, much lower than that of the base metal (BM) and other sub-zones. In contrast, the fine-grained HAZ (FGHAZ) and intercritical HAZ (ICHAZ) exhibit improved impact toughness (up to 303 J), attributed to grain refinement and the dominance of granular bainite. Microhardness analysis further confirms that the increased hardness in the CGHAZ and WM is directly related to the formation of brittle and hard microstructures.

Yiqian Liu, Bingbing Yang, Shun Lan et al.

Abstract Inorganic dielectric capacitors are highly demanded in pulsed systems due to their high-power output, but the low energy density limits device miniaturization. Relaxor ferroelectrics with local inhomogeneity are leading candidates for energy storage because of small hysteresis and relatively high polarization. However, the mechanism of local inhomogeneity in high-performance relaxor ferroelectrics is still not well understood due to limitations in characterization techniques and insufficient interpretation of computations. We reveal the microstructural origin of enhanced energy storage performance based on polar nanoregion and polar slush models. While smaller domains improve energy storage, more crucial factors are electrostatic interactions between polar and non-polar regions and intense disordered random fields, caused by local inhomogeneity. Combining merits of both models, we develop a framework directly relating local inhomogeneity to dielectric properties that successfully simulates solid solutions and high-entropy dielectrics. Our results can offer insights into energy storage performance in complex relaxor ferroelectrics.

Ruoyan Avery Yin, Zhichu Ren, Zongyou Yin et al.

The Copilot for Real-world Experimental Scientist (CRESt) system empowers researchers to control autonomous laboratories through conversational AI, providing a seamless interface for managing complex experimental workflows. We have enhanced CRESt by integrating a multi-agent collaboration mechanism that utilizes the complementary strengths of the ChatGPT and Gemini models for precise image analysis in materials science. This innovative approach significantly improves the accuracy of experimental outcomes by fostering structured debates between the AI models, which enhances decision-making processes in materials phase analysis. Additionally, to evaluate the generalizability of this approach, we tested it on a quantitative task of counting particles. Here, the collaboration between the AI models also led to improved results, demonstrating the versatility and robustness of this method. By harnessing this dual-AI framework, this approach stands as a pioneering method for enhancing experimental accuracy and efficiency in materials research, with applications extending beyond CRESt to broader scientific experimentation and analysis.

J. Huot, D. Ravnsbæk, Junxian Zhang et al.