Recensione di Concetta Maria Pagliuca e Filippo Pennacchio (a cura di), Tempora, i tempi verbali nel racconto Vol.1. Biblion, 2023; Francesco De Cristofaro, Paolo Giovannetti e Giovanni Maffei (a cura di), Tempora, i tempi verbali nel racconto Vol. 2. Biblion, 2024.
Language. Linguistic theory. Comparative grammar, Style. Composition. Rhetoric
A política externa da Galiza entrou numa nova fase nas suas relações com a Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa após a publicação da Lei de Acção Externa da Galiza (2021) e da Lei Paz Andrade (2014). Nesse contexto, torna-se essencial que a Galiza desenvolva este quadro normativo com o objetivo de definir uma nova estratégia para fortalecer as relações comerciais com esse grupo de países, com os quais compartilha uma afinidade cultural e histórica. Para identificar oportunidades de aprimorar essas relações comerciais, optou-se por aplicar um modelo gravitacional, considerando variáveis como o PIB e a distância entre os territórios. Os resultados revelam diferenças significativas entre os territórios analisados e em função das variáveis selecionadas. As conclusões deste estudo permitirão extrair implicações e elaborar recomendações políticas voltadas para a concepção e a inovação de uma estratégia económica futura com esses países.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Philology. Linguistics
This constructionist paper deals with the specialised manifestations that constructions can exhibit and considers two questions: (i) how such specialised manifestations can be linked back to the cognitive architecture of the domain, (ii) whether we can, in this regard, speak about specialised constructions, for which (a) domain-related features regarding form and meaning, and (b) their location within the constructicon will be considered in more depth. More specifically, this study looks at a pilot corpus of Flemish weather reports (domain: meteorology) and performs a corpus-based analysis of existential constructions (Dt. er is/zijn; het is; het wordt) as a case-study. The results of this corpus-based analysis provide deeper insights into the lexicological features of the texts and the ways in which the constructions align with the discourse patterns of this specialised text genre.
This paper proposes dialogue interpreting tasks as a tool for introducing the use of the first language in language classes, and argues for integrating translatorial activities into foreign language teaching curricula. In order to test this idea six role-plays were carried out in two Estonian high schools, with Estonian as the language of instruction in one and Russian as the language of instruction in the other. The results show that without prior instruction in interpreting, high-school students demonstrated the use of interpreting strategies during role-plays involving dialogue interpreting, which suggests they possess an innate capability to translate. The author argues that the introduction of dialogue interpreting in the foreign language classroom provides students and teachers with authentic examples allowing them to compare the languages used in the plurilingual societies in which they live and study.
The research field of geopoetics as the theory of studying creative forms and ways of human interaction with the geographic space, the multidimensional concept shaped by the syncretic perception of reality, is expanding dynamically in the aspect of space interpretation and modeling. Such research prism facilitates addressing projective meanings of the modeled reality, studying geopoetic image as a cultural sign, process and result of aesthetic display and representation of reality. Taking into account the relevance of the problem, the authors of the article set a goal to investigate the semiotic triad of St. Petersburg, the emotional component of the axiological model and its semantic transformations: Petropol’ - Petrograd - Leningrad, that permits to present a multilateral description of geopoetic image modifications. The research logic is dictated by the fact that the conceptualization of space in its various manifestations is associated with the study of the territory as an object of aesthetic reflection. The study analyzes creative embodiment of a particular toponym in its dual rational and emotional essence as a fact of verbal art. Transformation and treatment of geopoetic image meanings of St. Petersburg based on the spheres of urban semiotics are analyzed in the aspect of giving new meanings and semantics to the place in the context of spatial and cultural historical relations and models. The authors argue that geopoetic image is a special representation of geographical space in its historical and cultural, value and semantic nature and fusion in their unity. The existing territory can be presented as a compact axiological model through the “prism” of socio-cultural values, signs and symbols. Actualization of the palimpsest concept based on the combination of textual layers, research of peculiarities of structural meaning modeling enable addressing the reconstruction of the semiotic system and variant semantics of “city mirror” texts.
Language. Linguistic theory. Comparative grammar, Semantics
Abstract Educational systems worldwide underscore the importance of developing higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) to prepare students for the new challenges of the XXI century. Some pressing issues faced by educators include the ambiguity of the construct; the implementation of HOTS in classroom practices; and the implications for teaching students from linguistically and culturally diverse backgrounds. Framed in Culturally and Linguistically Responsive Teaching, this article reports on a qualitative case study that explored how two elementary school teachers developed HOTS with emerging multilingual students. Using the constant comparative method (CCM), data collection included observations and artifacts; data analysis included open, axial coding, and category formation. Findings show that: (a) HOTS were framed as subskills in instructional practices; (b) teachers used multiple activities to develop HOTS, progressing from lower to higher-order thinking; and (c) teachers differentiated instruction considering students’ language level and background experiences, but did not account for the additional layers of complexity when interrelating HOTS to language. This article builds on existing theories and frameworks of HOTS, provides examples of activities for developing HOTS, and offers recommendations for teaching HOTS to multilingual learners.
Turn-taking in conversation is unique in the Madurese ethnic culture. This study aims to describe the turn-taking in conversation that applies to the Madurese community in Jember. To achieve this goal, a qualitative approach was used. Data were obtained through participatory observation with record and note techniques, then analyzed descriptive qualitative. The results showed that there were at least two speech shift patterns demonstrated by the Madurese community in Jember, namely, informal verbal communication and formal verbal communication. In informal verbal communication, two patterns were found, namely: (1) overlapping turn-taking in conversation patterns, and (2) turn-taking in conversation patterns without overlapping speech. In formal communication, the turn-taking pattern is always shown without overlapping speech. Interrupting people's speech in situations of formal verbal communication is considered to violate prevailing rules and is subject to negative stigma from society. The results of this study will have implications for the implementation of the use of honorifics in communication in Tapal Kuda area involving speech participants from different social statuses, roles, positions, and ages.
Special aspects of education, Language. Linguistic theory. Comparative grammar
In recent years, there has been a growth in research interest in stylistic analyses of fiction. However, stylistic studies on the very short story genre called flash fiction remain scant. To fill this gap, the present study aims to conduct a stylistic investigation of one flash fiction written by a Filipino. Specifically, it examines “Dinner For Two” by Kate Osias based upon the following stylistic aspects: lexical categories, grammatical categories, and figures of speech. By combining linguistic criterion (or discrimination) and literary criterion, the stylistic analysis has helped in the deciphering of the language of the flash fiction under study by providing a more critical and objective approach to literary interpretation. Based on the analysis of the textual features along stylistic lines, it can be assumed that with brevity at its heart, flash fiction’s limitations are strengths because they may not only hook the readers but may also propel them to concentrate on the power of language, association, and inference. From this description, it can be argued that understatement and purposeful ambiguity are vital in flash fiction. Through the use of evocative language, flash fiction, as a literary genre, best works via implication.
У статті проаналізовано специфіку укладання перекладних іншомовно-українських фразеологічних словників кінця ХХ – початку ХХІ століть, встановлено принципи їх структурної параметризації, з’ясовано характерні ознаки макроструктури й мікроструктури досліджуваних словників, визначено особливості систематизації реєстрових одиниць та засоби і способи відображення етнолінгвістичної інформації у фразеологічних працях перекладного типу, відзначено прикладні моменти використання перекладних фразеологічних словників.
Інформація про авторів:
Чумак Володимир Васильович – кандидат філологічних наук, професор, заступник директора з наукової роботи Українського мовно-інформаційного фонду НАН України (Україна).
Електронна адреса: chumak@nas.gov.ua
Корнієнко Лариса Миколаївна – кандидат філологічних наук, учитель англійської мови школи І–ІІІ ступенів N 233 Оболонського району м. Києва (Україна).
Електронна адреса: larisa.kornienko@ukr.net
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Література
Амосова Н. Н. Об английских фразеологических словарях // Лексикографический сборник. Вып. VI. Москва : Изд-во АН СССР, 1963. С. 78–87.
Баранцев К. Т. Курс лексикології сучасної англійської мови. Київ : Рад. школа, 1955. 255 с.
Горецький П. Й. Історія української лексикографії. Київ : Вид-во АН УРСР, 1963. 241 с.
Горецький П. Й. Методологічні принципи складання загальних двомовних перекладних словників // Лексикографічний бюлетень. Київ, 1951. Вип. І. С. 5–22.
Краснобаєва-Чорна Ж. В., Боровик А. В. Сучасна українська фразеографія : Довідник. Донецьк : ДонНУ, 2011. 93 с.
Москаленко А. А. Нарис історії української лексикографії. Київ : Рад. школа, 1961. 162 с.
Прадід Ю. Ф. Історія української фразеографії // Мовознавство. 2012. № 1. С. 31–39.
Скрипник Л. Г. Фразеологія української мови. Київ : Наукова думка, 1973. 280 с.
Фразы, пословицы и приговорки Малороссїскїя / Уклад. О. П. Павловський // Грамматика малороссійскаго нарѣчія. Санкт-Петербург, 1818. С. 79–86.
Language. Linguistic theory. Comparative grammar, Computational linguistics. Natural language processing
Nicolás Montalbán Martínez, Salvador Montaner Villalba
El objetivo del presente trabajo es averiguar si el aula invertida y el blogging potencian el uso de las unidades fraseológicas en la traducción de textos especializados. Para ello, se implementó un experimento con el alumnado de la asignatura Traducción Especializada (Inglés), del cuarto curso del grado de Traducción e Interpretación en el curso académico 2019/2020. La experiencia didáctica consistió en la creación de un blog por parte de los alumnos con las prácticas realizadas por ellos en un entorno de Aula Invertida. Para evaluar esta experiencia se realizaron dos encuestas, una inicial de diagnóstico con el objetivo de conocer su grado de conocimiento en torno a la adquisición de unidades fraseológicas por medio de blogging en un entorno de Aula Invertida y otra final para analizar el progreso. Además se hizo un estudio de la calidad de las traducciones utilizando métricas de evaluación como la precisión, la exhaustividad, WER y BLEU. También se emplearon las pruebas de evaluación final para evaluar el progreso de los alumnos.
Ferréz llega a España en 2006 con la publicación de Manual práctico del odio, haciéndose representante de uno de los grandes sucesos literarios de Brasil en el siglo XXI, la nueva literatura marginal. Analizamos cómo afecta el proceso de traducción de su obra en la (re)significación literaria de esta estética y en la pérdida de su fuerza testimonial y política, que se revela mediante un lenguaje propio, jergal y coloquial como particularidad distintiva imposible de soslayar.
We describe a novel system for automatic extraction of typological linguistic information from descriptive grammars of natural languages, applying the theory of frame semantics in the form of frame-semantic parsing. The current proof-of-concept system covers a few selected linguistic features, but the methodology is general and can be extended not only to other typological features but also to descriptive grammars written in languages other than English. Such a system is expected to be a useful assistance for automatic curation of typological databases which otherwise are built manually, a very labor and time consuming as well as cognitively taxing enterprise.
Abstract This paper argues that Arabic function words (FWs) vary in usage between old and modern Arabic, thus prompting an experimental investigation into their changeability. This investigation is carried out by testing classical Arabic (CA) in Arabic heritage language (AHL) texts – those labeled as archistratum – and the modern standard Arabic (MSA) of Arabic newspaper texts (ANT), each group of which contains randomly collected 5 million (M) word texts. The linguistic theory of the grammar of Arabic FWs is explained through the differences between CA and MSA, despite Arabic FW changes and the unlearnability and/or unusability of some FW constructions between in these two eras of Arabic usage. The dispersion/distribution of the construction grammar (CxG) of FWs and the number (n) of word attractions/repulsions between the two distinct eras is explored using the very latest and most sophisticated Arabic corpus processing tools, and Sketch Engine’s SkeEn gramrels operators. The analysis of a 5 M word corpus from each era of Arabic serves to prove the non-existence of rigorous Arabic CxG. The approach in this study adopts a technique which, by contrasting AHL with ANT, relies on analyzing the frequency distributions of FWs, the co-occurrences of FWs in a span of 2n-grams collocational patterning, and some cases of FW usage changes in terms of lexical cognition (FW grammatical relationships). The results show that the frequencies of FWs, in addition to the case studies, are not the same, and this implies that FWs and their associations with the main part of speech class in a fusion language like Arabic have grammatically changed in MSA. Their constructional changes are neglected in Arabic grammar.
Naturalness Theory (NT) is founded on the notion of naturalness and claims that when a linguistic phenomenon can be processed by humans with little effort, both sensomotorically and cognitively, it is deemed more natural compared to other, more complex phenomena. Drawing on evidence such as language change, language acquisition, and language disorders, various parameters of naturalness (e.g., biuniqueness, constructional iconicity) have been postulated, which focus on the phonological and morphological subsystems of language. This paper offers an outline of how naturalness can be adapted to grapholinguistic phenomena. Comparative graphematics (cf. Weingarten 2011), extended to comparative grapholinguistics, is assessed as a method that can be used to reveal naturalness parameters which apply to both material (graphetic) and linguistic (graphematic) aspects of writing. The reduction of extrinsic symmetry across various scripts will be discussed as an example. By integrating these preliminary theoretical ideas into the framework of NT, it is demonstrated that so-called Natural Grapholinguistics could offer promising new insights as well as a tertium comparationis method for future comparative analyses of scripts and writing systems.
Desarrollo una propuesta teórica y analítica sobre el funcionamiento de las lecturas intersticiales que produce cierto tipo de cinematografía que he nombrado intercultural porque construye intersticios que dislocan al espectador como sujeto negociante. Esta dislocación produce un efecto de opinión que exhibe los diferentes lugares a partir de los cuales se piensa la otredad en función de uno mismo. Las lecturas intersticiales son parte de un tercer espacio en disputa que enriquece al espectador de cine como sujeto político. Tomo como caso el análisis de la película argentina de 2015, titulada La Patota de Santiago Mitre.