Hasil untuk "Home economics"

Riya Singh, Pratikshya Jena, Anish Kumar et al.

Homing and navigation are fundamental behaviors in biological systems that enable agents to reliably reach a target under uncertainty. We present a Reinforcement Learning (RL) framework to model adaptive homing in continuous two-dimensional domain. In this framework, the agent's state is given by its angular deviation from home, actions correspond to alignment or stochastic reorientation, and learning is driven by a radial-distance-based cost that penalizes motion away from the target. For a single self-propelled agent moving with constant speed, we find that the mean homing time $\langle T_{\mathrm{home}} \rangle$ exhibits a non-monotonic dependence on the rotational diffusion strength $D_r$, with an optimal noise level $D_r^{*}$, revealing a subtle interplay between exploration and goal-directed correction. Extending to two agents with soft repulsion, one agent consistently reaches home faster than the other, while in multi-agents system, repulsion ensures separation and the fastest agent becomes progressively faster as group size increases. Finally comparing the mean homing time $\langle T_{\mathrm{home}} \rangle$ of an Active Brownian Particle (ABP) and RL agent over an identical range of $D_r$, we find that RL trajectories are shorter, less noisy, and consistently faster. Our results show that cost-driven learning, stochastic reorientation, and inter-agent interactions enable efficient adaptive navigation, linking individual and collective homing. This reinforcement learning framework captures key biological features such as feedback-based route learning, randomness to escape unfavorable orientations, and mutual coordination.

Matta Ebaid, Joseph N. T. Boctor, Shimaa Husien et al.

Abstract This study reviews the multifaceted health effects of Allium-derived compounds, focusing on their interaction with gut microbiota and the subsequent influence on gut homeostasis, metabolic health, inflammation, and disease states. Allium-derived compounds, such as polysaccharides, flavonols, and sulfur-containing compounds, i.e., allicin, are present in Allium that function as prebiotics to modulate gut microbiota composition and further exert systemic effects on metabolic disorders. The prebiotic effects of inulin-fructosaccharides, sulphur compounds, and flavonols, and their capacity to enhance gut health through fermentation processes and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production are explored. The review presents findings from several animal studies exploring the phytogenic properties of Allium species and their associated gut-mediated benefits. The study also touches on emerging research that explores several approaches to incorporate Allium or its metabolites in various formulations, such as in nano-based structures, high-pressure processing, or combining it with probiotics. Such approaches aim to enhance Allium nutraceutical and its gut interaction benefits. Finally, this comprehensive analysis highlights the crucial role of gut microbiota as a mediator in the health benefits of Allium phytochemicals, paving the way for the broader utilisation of this primary dietary source in nutraceuticals and for future needed studies and potential clinical applications. Graphical Abstract

Carlos J. Costa, Joao Tiago Aparicio

This paper explores artificial intelligence's potential societal and economic impacts (AI) through generating scenarios that assess how AI may influence various sectors. We categorize and analyze key factors affecting AI's integration and adoption by applying an Impact-Uncertainty Matrix. A proposed methodology involves querying academic databases, identifying emerging trends and topics, and categorizing these into an impact uncertainty framework. The paper identifies critical areas where AI may bring significant change and outlines potential future scenarios based on these insights. This research aims to inform policymakers, industry leaders, and researchers on the strategic planning required to address the challenges and opportunities AI presents

Lekang Ren, Danyang Xie

In tenure decisions, the treatment of co-authored papers often raises questions about a candidate's research independence. This study examines the effects of solo versus collaborative authorship in high-profile Economics journals on long-term academic success. Our findings confirms the traditional belief that solo-authored publications significantly enhance long-term research output and citation impact compared to collaborative efforts. However, relative to solo-authored papers, international collaborations have a less negative impact on long-term success than national and institutional collaborations. Temporal trends highlight the increasing importance of diverse and international collaborations. These insights provide actionable guidance for tenure committees on evaluating co-authored work and for researchers on optimizing their publication strategies.

Abdullah Al Noman, Hasibul Hassan Siam

This study examines the economic social and environmental impacts of electric vehicle adoption in Bangladesh using survey data from 57 respondents and secondary research. Findings show strong public perception of electric vehicles as cost effective with ninety three percent agreement and environmentally beneficial with eighty two point five percent agreement. Electric vehicles have potential to reduce fuel imports lower operational costs and create over fifty thousand jobs by 2030. Socially electric vehicles improve mobility for low income groups with seventy five point four percent agreement and increase safety although adoption remains mostly in urban areas. Environmentally electric vehicles could reduce carbon dioxide emissions by up to thirty percent per kilometre and lower particulate matter levels by twenty to twenty five percent in Dhaka along with a three to five decibel reduction in traffic noise. Main barriers include high purchase costs limited charging infrastructure and low public awareness of policies. Policy recommendations include tax incentives solar powered charging stations and battery recycling regulations. This research concludes that strategic electric vehicle adoption could advance Bangladesh's sustainable transportation economic resilience and public health goals.

Abdelmonem Elshahat, Essam Elatafi, Li Mei et al.

Shade nets are frequently used to protect fruit-bearing trees from unfavorable weather conditions. However, the impact of colored shade nets on plant growth and fruit quality of horticultural crops remains poorly understood. This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of colored shade nets on photosystem II efficiency (Fv/Fm), vegetative growth, and fruit quality of tangerine cultivar known as Murcott (Citrus reticulata, 'Murcott'). The experimental design consisted of a randomized complete block with six replications and five different shade net treatments: red 60 %, red 40 %, green 60 %, green 40 %, and an open field as the control. The nets were placed on steel rectangular structures, which had a height of 4.5 m, for a period of three months during the summer season. The results indicated that all shade net treatments led to an increase in relative humidity and a decrease in temperature, as compared to the control group. The green 60 % had the highest Fv/Fm value, even though it had low rates of photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) and light intensity (LUX). On the other hand, the open field had the lowest rate, despite having a high rate of PAR and LUX. Trees under green 60 % had the highest leaf chlorophyll content, while those under red 40 % had the lowest. The open field and green 60 % had the highest shoot growth rate, whereas the lowest rates were observed in trees under red 60 % and green 40 %. There was no significant impact of any of the shade net treatments on leaf area and total yield compared to the control. Compared to the open field, all shade net treatments resulted in a decrease in sunburn incidence. The highest levels of total soluble solids (TSS) were observed under green shade nets and the control group, whereas the lowest levels were detected under the red nets. Furthermore, it was observed that the green 60 % resulted in a significant increase in several parameters including titratable acidity (TA), antioxidant capacity, total phenols, total carotenoids, and color index (Lab∗). Given these positive attributes, the green 60 % option is considered to be a viable choice for covering citrus trees.

Lara Ordoñez-Gutierrez, Francisco Wandosell

There is considerable data suggesting that the gut microbiota (GM) contributes to health and regulates host immunity and influences brain function, findings with implications for neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s Disease (AD).

Matthew W Gorton, Melanine Whitmore, Guolong Zhang et al.

Mahsa Shirani, Mohammad Bagherniya, Omid Sadeghi et al.

Abstract Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting women. This study investigates the impact of 8-week supplementation with two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus helveticus and Bifidobacterium longum, on hormonal status, oxidative stress, and clinical symptoms in women with PCOS. Conducted as a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial, the research involved 90 women with PCOS from Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Isfahan, Iran. Serum markers were assessed before and after the intervention. After adjusting for baseline values and confounding variables, the 8-week supplementation with two probiotic strains resulted in a significant increase in sex hormone binding globulin (24.39; 95% CI (15.23,33.55) vs. -11.99; 95% CI (-20.12, -3.86) nmol/L, P < 0.001), total antioxidant capacity (125.53; 95% CI (53.78,197.28) vs. -42.90; 95% CI (-78.32, -7.48) nmol/mL, P = 0.002) and Superoxide dismutase activity (0.19; 95% CI (0.09,0.30) vs. -0.11; 95% CI (-0.18, -0.04) U/mL, P < 0.001), in the intervention group compared to the placebo. While free androgen index (-57.05; 95% CI (-80.33, -33.76) vs. 49.86; 95% CI (28.81,70.92), P < 0.001), C-reactive protein (-0.50; 95% CI (-0.95, -0.04) vs. 0.05; 95% CI (-0.39,0.50), P = 0.046), and malondialdehyde levels (- 23.69; 95% CI (-30.02, -17.35) vs. -2.70; 95% CI (-9.19,3.77), P < 0.001), significantly decreased in the intervention group compared to the placebo. Furthermore, testosterone total levels showed a decreasing trend in the intervention group, although the between-group changes were not statistically significant after baseline value and other confounders adjustment (-3.37; 95% CI (-11.85, 5.11) vs. 6.48; 95% CI (3.43, 9.53) ng/dL, P = 0.08). Regarding clinical symptoms, including acne, alopecia, and hirsutism, the between-group changes were insignificant (P > 0.05). In conclusion, these findings suggest that 8 weeks of probiotic supplementation may alleviate oxidative stress, modulate certain hormonal factors, and reduce inflammation in women with PCOS. Trial registration, the current study was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials on 30 March 2024 (ID: IRCT20121216011763N62) ( https://irct.behdasht.gov.ir/trial/76067 ). https://irct.behdasht.gov.ir/trial/76067 .

Reza Sabzevari Rad, Hamid Omidi, Milad Alipour

Aim This study investigated the effect of the combining Tabata training and cinnamon supplementation on metabolic changes and body composition in overweight and obese soldiers.Materials and Methods 40 overweight and obese soldiers were divided into Tabata (T), Tabata training+supplement (T+S), supplement (S) and control (C) groups. The intervention completed during eight weeks with three sessions per week. Pre- and post-intervention assessments included body composition (body mass index [BMI], body fat percentage [BFP], performance parameters) push-up, squat, plank and vertical jump), metabolic markers (fasting blood sugar [FBS], insulin and [HOMA], liver enzymes (Serum Glutamic-Oxaloacetic Transaminase [SGOT], Serum Glutamic-Pyruvic Transaminase [SGPT], and Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase [GGT] (and inflammatory markers (C-Reactive Protein [CRP], Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha [TNF-α], Adiponectin and Irisin). Cinnamon supplement was taken in 500 mg capsules three times a day.Results Body mass, BMI, and body fat percentage significantly decreased in all intervention groups (p < 0.001), with the greatest fat loss in T + S (−7.86%, p < 0.001), significantly more than T (p = 0.013). Performance (push-up, squat, plank, jump) improved in T and T + S (all p < 0.001), with no difference between them (p > 0.05). Fasting blood sugar, insulin, HOMA-IR, and liver enzymes (SGOT, SGPT, GGT) decreased across all interventions (p < 0.05), with the greatest reductions in T + S. Inflammatory markers (CRP, TNF-α) declined, while adiponectin and irisin increased in all interventions (p < 0.001), with superior changes in T + S versus all groups (p < 0.05). The control group showed no significant changes (p > 0.05).Conclusion Tabata training resulted in synergistically effect on performance, body composition, metabolic-inflammation markers, and liver enzyme function in overweight and obese individuals. Moreover, the cinnamon supplementation as an ergogenic potentiated the observed beneficial effects.

K. Swapna Sudha, N. Jeyanthi, Celestine Iwendi

The Smart home possesses the capability of facilitating home services to their users with the systematic advance in The Internet of Things (IoT) and information and communication technologies (ICT) in recent decades. The home service offered by the smart devices helps the users in utilize maximized level of comfort for the objective of improving life quality. As the user and smart devices communicate through an insecure channel, the smart home environment is prone to security and privacy problems. A secure authentication protocol needs to be established between the smart devices and the user, such that a situation for device authentication can be made feasible in smart home environments. Most of the existing smart home authentication protocols were identified to fail in facilitating a secure mutual authentication and increases the possibility of lunching the attacks of session key disclosure, impersonation and stolen smart device. In this paper, Secure Supervised Learning-based Smart Home Authentication Framework (SSL-SHAF) is proposed as are liable mutual authentication that can be contextually imposed for better security. The formal analysis of the proposed SSL-SHAF confirmed better resistance against session key disclosure, impersonation and stolen smart device attacks. The results of SSL-SHAF confirmed minimized computational costs and security compared to the baseline protocols considered for investigation.

ZHANG Liyun, YE Xin, BAI Li et al.

Foodborne diseases are major global public health issues. Among microbial hazards， foodborne diseases are the most serious problem caused by pathogenic bacteria. Under the risk-based food safety management system， identifying the priority hazards and their important food sources is the premise and key to the prevention and control foodborne diseases. Currently， Europe， the United States， and other countries have established two categories of source attribution methods based on microbial subtyping. The results of these methods were transformed on a scientific basis to formulate food safety risk control measures. China is in the preliminary exploration stage of source attribution method research of foodborne disease. This study aimed to systematically sort the methodological principles and models of source attribution methods widely used internationally， combine the basis and current situation of foodborne disease source attribution research in China， and suggest four work directions for constructing the next stage of foodborne disease source attribution system in China. These directions include developing methods， combining data， building platforms and strong exchanges， which involves the development of localized source attribution model based on microbial subtyping to solve the challenges associated with confirming control and preventing and controlling foodborne diseases in China， and achieving food safety and protecting the lives and health of individuals.

Edi Indrizal, Ermayanti Ermayanti, Ade Irwandi et al.

This paper describes the dynamics of conflict that occurred in the Batu Dinding rural tourism development between the local community and Tanjung Belit Village. The conflict occurred since 2015, and it’s was declared over in 2021. Therefore, what were the dynamics of the conflict during those six years? This research uses a qualitative-descriptive method with data collection through fieldwork. The data collection techniques used were a combination of limited participant observation techniques, informal and semi-structured interviews, and document studies. The results show that the conflict over the management of the Batu Dinding Waterfall tourism area in Tanjung Belit Village originated from agrarian conflicts related to land reoccupation. The motive is motivated by the development of tourism that has economic value and wants to monopolize it to get economic benefits (cuan). So the horizontal conflict between the Domo tribe and Tanjung Belit Village with the Tanjung tribe was resolved through legal channels and the police and the actors who committed acts of violence should also be imprisoned. In the end, the conflict was resolved through inter-tribal deliberation and the land was retained by Tanjung Belit Village.

I Gusti Made Dwi Candra Anggara, Pande Putu Wulandari, I Made Gede Darma Susila

Perancak Beach is a tourist attraction located in Perancak Village, Jembrana Regency, which has been designated as a tourist attraction in Jembrana Regency. One of the main attractions at this tourist attraction tends to be nature tourism and education regarding turtle conservation. This research identifies the conservation-based potential development of Perancak Beach in Jembrana Regency. This research aims to identify existing potential and obtain strategy recommendations in efforts to develop conservation-based tourism potential at Perancak Beach, Jembrana Regency. This research uses a descriptive approach with qualitative data types. The data collection techniques used were observation, interviews, and literature study. The data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis. The research results show that the tourism potential of Perancak Beach is supported by 4 adequate destination components and a conservation-based destination development strategy using the concept of ecotourism (environmental planning and management, increasing environmental awareness and protection, and institutional regulations).

Andrew Setiawan Rusdianto, Winda Amilia, Rifdah Nada Nurjannah

Biofoam (Biodegradable foam) is an alternative packaging to Styrofoam made from natural raw materials that can be biodegraded in the soil. Biofoam is generally made from 3 constituent materials in the form of main ingredients in the form of starch or other similar materials, plasticizers such as PVA and also fillers in the form of fibers containing cellulose. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the combination of porang glucomannan, PVA and seaweed pulp on biofoam and to determine the best formulation and characteristics of the biofoam samples made.. The technique of making biofoam was done using baking technique with 9 different treatments. Each treatment was repeated 3x and observations were made on biofoam structure, mechanical properties testing (tensile strength, elongation and young modulus), water absorption test, and biodegradation test. The results showed that Polyvinyl Alcohol plays a role in the formation of a hollow biofoam structure. The thickness parameter value for each treatment was 0.628-1.939 mm. The tensile strength value of each treatment has a value ranging from 15.989-35.265 N/mm². The elongation value for each treatment ranged from 25.719-76.427%. The young modulus value for each treatment ranged from 0.343-0.896 N/mm². The water absorption value of each treatment obtained values ranging from 35.81-77.12%. And the value of testing biodegradation parameters obtained values ranging from 8.68-32.18%. So that the best treatment obtained using the multiple attribute method is the A3B1 treatment (PVA 15% and the ratio of seaweed pulp concentration to glucomannan 1: 2).

Miriam Hernández-Jiménez, Isabel Revilla, Ana M. Vivar-Quintana et al.

Iberian ham is a highly appreciated product and according to Spanish legislation different labels identify different products depending on the genetic purity. Consequently, “100% Iberian” ham from purebred Iberian animals is more expensive than “Iberian” ham from Iberian x Duroc crosses. The hypothesis of this study was that to avoid labelling fraud it is possible to distinguish the breed (Iberian or Iberian x Duroc) of acorn-fed pigs of Iberian ham without any prior preparation of the sample by using spectroscopy that is a rapid and reliable technology. Moreover, portable devices which can be used in situ could provide similar results to those of benchtop equipment. Therefore, the spectra of the 60 samples (24 samples of 100% Iberian ham and 36 samples of Iberian x Duroc crossbreed ham) were recorded only for the fat, only for the muscle, or for the whole slice with two benchtop near-infrared (NIR) spectrometers (Büchi NIRFlex N-500 and Foss NIRSystem 5000) and five portable spectrometers including four portable NIR devices (VIAVI MicroNIR 1700 ES, TellSpec Enterprise Sensor, Thermo Fischer Scientific microPHAZIR, and Consumer Physics SCiO Sensor), and one RAMAN device (BRAVO handheld). The results showed that, in general, the whole slice recording produced the best results for classification purposes. The SCiO device showed the highest percentages of correctly classified samples (97% in calibration and 92% in validation) followed by TellSpec (100% and 81%). The SCiO sensor also showed the highest percentages of success when the analyses were performed only on lean meat (97% in calibration and 83% in validation) followed by microPHAZIR (84% and 81%), while in the case of the fat tissue. Raman technology showed the best discrimination capacity (96% and 78%) followed by microPHAZIR (89% and 81%). Therefore, spectroscopy has proved to be a suitable technology for discriminating ham samples according to breed purity; portable devices have been shown to give even better results than benchtop spectrometers.

Sara Shojaei-Zarghani, Mohammad Reza Fattahi, Zahra Mansourabadi et al.

BackgroundMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is identified by the manifestation of a minimum of three out of five metabolic abnormalities, including insulin resistance, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, abdominal obesity, and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The present study aimed to assess the association between dietary branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) intakes and MetS, due to available conflicting evidence.MethodsA total of 4,860 individuals who had participated in the baseline phase of the PERSIAN (Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in IrAN) Kavar cohort study were included in our study. The daily intake of valine, leucine, and isoleucine were evaluated using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The association between dietary BCAA intake with MetS and its components was evaluated using logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe mean intake of BCAA among the included subjects was 7.65 (standard deviation [SD]: 2.92), and the prevalence of MetS was found to be 49.2%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed an inverse association between 1-S.D. increment in dietary valine (odds ratio [OR] = 0.85, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.78–0.94), leucine (OR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.77–0.93), isoleucine (OR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.76–0.93), and total BCAA (OR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.77–0.93) intake and the odds of MetS. There were also a significant association between BCAA intakes and hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia.ConclusionWe observed a significant inverse association between dietary BCAA intake and MetS, hyperglycemia, and hypertriglyceridemia, regardless of confounding factors.

Mohammad Rasras, Iuliana Marin, Serban Radu

A smart home can be considered a place of residence that enables the management of appliances and systems to help with day-to-day life by automated technology. In the current paper is described a prototype that simulates a context-aware environment, developed in a designed smart home. The smart home environment has been simulated using three agents and five locations in a house. The context-aware agents behave based on predefined rules designed for daily activities. Our proposal aims to reduce operational cost of running devices. In the future, monitors of health aspects belonging to home residents will sustain their healthy life daily.

Federico Fioravanti, Fernando Delbianco, Fernando Tohmé

We seek to gain more insight into the effect of the crowds on the Home Advantage by analyzing the particular case of Argentinean football (also known as soccer), where for more than ten years, the visiting team fans were not allowed to attend the games. Additionally, during the COVID-19 lockdown, a significant number of games were played without both away and home team fans. The analysis of more than 20 years of matches of the Argentinean tournament indicates that the absence of the away team crowds was beneficial for the Top 5 teams during the first two years after their attendance was forbidden. An additional intriguing finding is that the lack of both crowds affects significantly all the teams, to the point of turning the home advantage into home `disadvantage' for most of the teams.

Shilpa Bhaise, Archana Patel, Varsha Dhurde et al.

In nutritional epidemiological studies, it is imperative to collect high-quality data to ensure accurate dietary assessment. However, dietary data collection using traditional paper forms has several limitations that may compromise data quality. The aim of this study was to propose novel methods to design and develop software applications (Apps) for dietary data collection to assess the nutritional status of pregnant women and infants. This study is part of the M-SAKHI (Mobile-Solutions for Aiding Knowledge for Health Improvement) cluster randomised controlled trial (cRCT) implemented in central India. Three tablet-based software Apps were developed in this study: the ACEC (Automated Coding and Energy Calculation) App to establish a generic cooked food recipe database, the FFQ (Food Frequency Questionnaire), and the IDR (24 h Infant Dietary Recall) Apps to collect dietary data from pregnant women and their infants from rural area of Bhandara and Nagpur districts. Regional food lists, recipes, and portion resource kits were developed to support the data collection using the Apps. In conclusion, the Apps were user-friendly, required minimal prior training, had built-in validation checks for erroneous data entry and provided automated calculations. The Apps were successfully deployed in low-resource rural settings to accurately collect high-quality regional cooked food data and individual-level dietary data of pregnant women and their infants.