Hasil untuk "Folklore"

Giuliana Benvenuti, Sara Obbiso, Riccardo Stracuzzi

This article examines the textual composition of several landscape descriptions in Canne al vento (1913), framing the analysis within a broader interpretive framework, concerning the structures and functions of description in narrative texts. By focusing on the recurring motif of the ‘ruined castle,’ which appears multiple times in Canne al vento as well as in other works by Grazia Deledda – both narrative and non-narrative, – the study proceeds to reflect on seminal elements of of the writer’s position within the literary and editorial context of the decades spanning the late 19th and the first thirty years of the 20th century.

Ilshat A. Mukhametzaripov

Religious institutions for conflict resolution are values, norms, rules and methods of resolving contradictions, which are enshrined in the religious tradition and implemented within the framework of religious associations. The main practices include negotiation, mediation, arbitration, and judging. Believers in Judaism turn to rabbinical courts for help; in Christianity, people turn to parish leaders and church institutions. The Islamic system knows reconciliation (sulh), arbitration (tahkim), and judging (qada). Distinctive features of religious methods are their flexibility, a less degree of formalisation and cost. Although in the conditions of modernisation and secularisation religion is deprived of a dominant position in the sphere of regulating social relations, with the revival of interest in religion, traditions gain newfound relevance, albeit partially, with new content. The decisions of religious mediators, arbitrators and judges have no legal force, forceful coercion is impossible, so the appeal to the faith, consciousness and universal values of the parties, theological argumentation, and the search for a mutually beneficial way out of the situation come to the fore. In Tatarstan, examples of such activities include the work of the Muslim Religious Board imams and qadis, informal intermediaries from the business community, and experts in Sharia. Not all Muslims turn to the mentioned intermediaries; the value-normative and institutional preferences of believers in the field of marriage and family relations, division of inheritance, and the choice of alternative methods of resolving disputes depend on personal preferences, gender differences and the circumstances of the situation. Nevertheless, the revival of traditions in this area can serve as a good help in preventing violations in society and establishing communication at the family, religious and other communities level.

Maria Evgenyevna Loshkareva, Pavel Aleksandrovich Ryazanov

This article considers the problem arising from the legend formed of St Helen’s British origin. The sources from Late Antiquity known to the early medieval Latin reader do not give an exact answer to the question of the saint’s motherland. Nevertheless, Aldhelm’s treatise Prosa de virginitate and the Old English translation of Bede from the eleventh century first mention her son Constantine the Great’s birth in Britain. Conspicuously, these testimonies became the basis on which the literary and mythological plot about St Helen began to develop. According to A. Harbus, the most likely source of the legend was the translation of Bede’s text mentioned above, which, in turn, went back to Eutropius. As a result of a misunderstanding, the phrase “Constantinus in Brittania creatus imperator” was translated as “Emperor Constantine, born in Britain”. According to our hypothesis, another possible source of the plot about Constantine was the reverse Latin translation of the Greek text that was used by Aldhelm. This text went back to the Greek version of Eutropius’ Breviary made by Paeanius in the fourth century AD. The legend of St Helen further developed relying on local folklore traditions, which received literary adaptation and reinterpretation. In Historia Anglorum by Henry of Huntingdon and Historia Britonum by Geoffrey of Monmouth, St Helen became the daughter of British King Coel. The Late Antiquity evidence of the saint’s low origin (stabularia) was ignored or forgotten. Welsh legendary-historical genealogies and folklore motifs reflected in The Mabinogion played an important role in the formation of the myth. It was the version of Geoffrey of Monmouth that became widespread and was used by English chroniclers until the fifteenth century. Interpreting the version of Geoffrey, Adam of Usk presents Britain as the ancestral home of the Roman emperors and the Greek Basileis. The stability of the myth of the British Helen is explained by its extraordinary attractiveness: it turned out to be an important link between Britain and the Roman Empire allowing the island’s “peripheral” history to be woven into the fabric of world history.

Carmen Dimitriu

In the book Symbolism of the Summer Solstice: Comparative Readings, Iosefina Blazsani-Batto approaches, through a comparative perspective, a theme with wide resonances in Romanian folkloric mythology, but also in the universal one, taken up by many historians of religions, exegetes and, last but not least, writers. The wide area of research reflects the author's desire to document as well as possible the scholarly approach to the theme and to give secondary importance to field sources, as well as to imaginative elaborations of them. The research, especially through its various hermeneutic possibilities, is a meritorious achievement which, complemented by the author's constant preoccupation with this field, offers a textually illustrated field of analysis of the subject, both in terms of theory (ethnography) and folklore and literature.

Mustapha, F. J., Ella, E. E., Luka, S. A. et al.

Thesium viride Hill, a member of the Santalaceae family, treats several ailments. However, few pharmacological investigations have been done to ascertain its folklore usage. The present study evaluated the presence of phytochemical constituents and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy profiling of the whole plant extract of Thesium viride and its oral toxicity in the Balb/c mouse model. The whole plant-dried sample was collected from Zaria local government, Kaduna State, Nigeria, and 500 grams of the pulverised plant was extracted by the Soxhlet method using different solvents. Phytochemical screening and GC-MS analyses of the whole plant ethanol extract were done according to standard procedures. Acute oral toxicity studies of the extracts were carried out on BALB/c mice weighing 17-23g following recommendations from the OECD. The phytochemical analysis of Thesium viride whole plant extracts showed the presence of cardiac glycosides, carbohydrates, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids, triterpenes, and alkaloids. In addition, the GC-MS analysis of the ethanol extract of Thesium viride revealed the presence of thirty-four bioactive compounds, the major ones being Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, cis-13-Octadecenoic acid, trans-13-Octadecenoic acid, n-Hexadecanoic acid, 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z), and Diethyl Phthalate with peak areas (concentrations) of 34.44%, 29.75%, 4.18%, 3.60%, 2.62%, and 2.01% respectively. The median lethal dose (LD50) for acute toxicity studies of different fractions of Thesium viride on Balb/c mice was greater than 5000 mg/kg. The study concludes that the whole plant extract of Thesium viride is rich in phytoconstituents with pharmacological prospects. The extract is practically non-toxic and safe when administered orally in mice.

Adam M. Gutov

The article deals with the problem of function and forms of local folklore manifestation as the most important part of the Adyge (Circassian) culture. The relevance of the study consists in the fact that the author of the article clarifies the content of the term “local folklore” in relation to the culture of an ethnic group scattered in various geographically isolated areas, including the foreign diaspora. The content of the concept under consideration is ambiguous, and its paradigms are connected with a chain of historical events that determined the fate of an entire nation. The article describes the forms of local folklore at different stages of history, as well as in modern conditions, the ways of its interaction with the general cultural fund, and its prospects in the age of high communication technologies. The positive and negative consequences of globalization, identified during the study, point to the possibilities of achieving harmony between the general trends in the development of civilization and the spiritual values accumulated by the ethnic group in the light of the interaction of various forms of culture are noted.

Albina Kiran

This article is devoted to the problem of maintaining and preserving the ethnic culture and language of the Chuvash living in Western Siberia. The purpose of the work is to initiate the beginning of linguistic and, in general, ethnographic studies of this diaspora group of the Chuvash people, the existence of which is an interesting scientific problem. The author mainly relies on the already published scientific developments of Siberian scientists. In fact, these studies are written in the genre of an essay. It provides information about the language, demographic situation, folklore and religion of the Chuvash of the specified region. Studies have shown that the Chuvash of the metropolis and Siberia retain many common features in traditions, customs, religious practice and culture. Their first generation tries to preserve the ethnic culture to the maximum extent possible. The new settlers, as a rule, speak the language and observe the traditional ritual and festive culture, while representatives of the Chuvash Republic often take a significant part in their life. Subsequent generations are more exposed to the processes of language shift and de-ethnization. Observations show that in order to maintain and preserve an ethnic culture, it is extremely important to recognize the need to maintain an ethnic language.

David Chartash

chapters on the use of folklore and folklorists in horror narratives, Irish storyteller Eamon Kelly, and The Tales of Beedle the Bard. Finally, the section on parody has chapters on jokes and humorous responses to the 2011 scandal of widespread sexual abuse at Penn State University, jokes about jokes (meta-humour), the television series Princess Tutu, and folkloric elements in science writing. The chapters are well edited and of a length and variety that allow sufficient room for analytical detail. The editors and the majority of the contributors are, or have been, affiliated with the renowned folklore studies programme at Indiana University, Bloomington. As Foster makes clear in the introduction, the contributing authors do not all share his and Tolbert’s perception of the folkloresque. Rather, the collection of chapters allows readers to consider the scope and range of the folkoresque from several angles. This editorial approach makes the volume vibrant to read and less manifesto-like than one might expect with the launching of a new analytical concept. It is interesting to note, however, that none of the chapters, nor the ‘manifesto’ itself, considers the appropriation, remixing, reinvention, and commercialization of indigenous and minority cultures in contemporary popular culture. This omission does not detract from the book’s tremendous value as a gateway into a new way of looking at the serendipitous overlap and rambunctious mixing of folkloric elements in commercialized popular culture, but rather as a reminder that folk culture exists on many socio-economic levels, and that some kinds of folk culture are more likely to be exploited commercially than others.

Flávio Henrique Souza Lobato, Diana Priscila Sá Alberto

Este estudo teve como objetivo compreender como está configurado o perfil das agências de turismo de concursos no Brasil, verificando como elas estão organizadas e identificando os produtos e/ou os serviços específicos ofertados para atender concurseiros viajantes. Para tanto, os procedimentos utilizados, mediante uma abordagem quali-quantitativa e sob uma perspectiva exploratória, se estabeleceram a partir de pesquisas bibliográficas, documentais e de campo. Na extensão da ambiência cibernética da rede social Facebook, enviesadas por uma aproximação à pesquisa netnográfica, foram realizadas incursões investigativas, observações e acompanhamentos de interações, de postagens e de depoimentos entre internautas de grupos de estudo para concursos públicos. Ademais, conceberam-se conversas informais (bate-papos) e capturas de tela (Prints Screen), bem como aplicaram-se questionários com cinco empresas, das cinco regiões brasileiras, especializadas em realizar viagens para concursos públicos. Os resultados permitiram compreender que, a amostra da oferta foco desta investigação configura modelos de negócios gestados por pequenos empreendedores ou por empresas tradicionais, que viram nas necessidades de uma demanda, em notório crescimento, uma oportunidade frutífera de ganhos econômicos. São pequenas e médias empresas que planejam, se entre articulam e comercializam produtos e serviços.

Bianca Di Prazza

<p><span>Negli ultimi venti anni la serialità televisiva ha prodotto una forma di neo-folklore attorno al quale si aggregano avidi consumatori di tutto il mondo. Questa televisione di qualità ha manifestato sin da subito una certa predilezione per personaggi complessi, dotati di una terza dimensione, quelli che genericamente definiamo antieroi. Essi costituiscono un espediente narrativo che permette la creazione di personaggi interessanti dal punto di vista emotivo e ambigui dal punto di vista morale e nelle serie tv si manifestano in protagonisti in cui convivono qualità positive e, soprattutto, qualità negative. Ma perché questi personaggi, che hanno caratteristiche che criticheremmo severamente nella realtà, ci piacciono così tanto? Quali sono i meccanismi che favoriscono una profonda affezione nei confronti di questi antieroi televisivi? L’affective disposition theory e i sistemi di identificazione e di disimpegno morale potrebbero aiutarci a rispondere a questi interrogativi.</span></p><p><span><span lang="EN">In the last twenty years, tv series have been producing a new form of folklore which gathers greedy consumers from all over the world. Quality television immediately showed a certain predilection for complex characters with a third dimension which we generally define “anti-heroes.” They represent a narrative device which allows the creation of interesting characters from an emotional point of view and ambiguous from a moral one. They manifest themselves in the TV series as main characters in whom positive qualities and mostly negative qualities coexist. But why do we like these characters so much even though we would severely criticize them in everyday life? What are the mechanisms that create a deep affection towards these television anti-heroes? The affective disposition theory and the systems of identification and moral disengagement could help us answer these questions</span><span lang="EN-US">.</span></span></p>

Laura Celina Vacca

En el presente trabajo analizamos un material folklórico recopilado en la provincia de San Luis en 1921, a partir de una encuesta nacional encomendada por el Consejo Nacional de Educación. Para ello, presentamos los documentos en su contexto intelectual y estatal-nacional particular a fin de mostrar que las referencias a pueblos indígenas eran parte del ámbito de indagación folklórica. Por medio de un estudio pormenorizado de los legajos existentes en esta provincia nos proponemos analizar en qué medida este material puede aportar a la comprensión de la circulación de memorias, prácticas y adscripciones indígenas, luego de concretada la llamada “Conquista del Desierto”, con el fin de construir un archivo indígena local.

H. Guerlac, L. Thorndike

Elom Seyram Achoribo

In some parts of the world, Cyperus esculentus L. is widely used as a healthy food for both humans and animals due to their nutritional and functional properties. Current research and reviews on this plant have focused mainly on organoleptic properties, phytochemical compositions, oil content, biochemical activities, and nutritional values. The medicinal properties of Tiger nut are seldom discussed, although its medicinal use is well known in folklore activities. To explore the medicinal properties of Tiger nut, This review tries to investigate the potential anticancer properties of components issued from Tiger nut by reviewing the existing literature in the field. Based on the evidence from the review, it is recommended that there is a need for further investigation into the proposed anticancer properties of Tiger nut.

Pälvi Rantala

Artikkelissa tarkastellaan sitä, miten nukkumista ohjeistettiin 1800-luvun lopun ja 1900-luvun alkukymmenten suomalaisessa terveysvalistuksessa ja mitä hyvän unen avulla tavoiteltiin. Artikkelissa kysytään myös, ketkä nukkumisohjeita laativat, kenelle ne oli suunnattu ja millaisesta ajattelutavasta ne kumpusivat. Unihygienia eli nukkumiseen ja liittyvät ohjeistukset olivat osa kansainvälistä hygienialiikettä, joka oli vahvimmillaan juuri 1800-luvun loppupuolella. Ne liittyvät myös suomalaiseen sivistyneistön kasvatusprojektiin, jonka tavoitteena oli vahva, terve ja siveellinen kansa. Artikkelin tutkimuslähteinä ovat terveysoppaat, terveydenhoitoalan lehdet ja nukkumiseen liittyvät ohjeistukset sanoma- ja aikakauslehdistä 1800-luvun puolivälistä 1930-luvulle. Nukkumista koskevissa ohjeissa näkyvät ajankohdan terveydenhoitokeskustelulle tyypilliset ihanteet: kohtuullisuus, säännöllisyys, siveellisyys ja puhtaus. Puhtaudella lähteissä tarkoitetaan sekä konkreettista puhtautta, kuten raitista ilmaa makuuhuoneessa tai säännöllisesti vaihdettavia vuodevaatteita, että henkistä puhtautta. Ohjeistuksella pyrittiin valistuksen kautta ohjaamaan suomalaisia kohti terveyttä ja hyvänä ja oikeanlaisena pidettyä elämää. Artikkelissa todetaan, että nukkuminen on kulttuurisesti, historiallisesti ja sosiaalisesti määrittynyttä.

Annamária Codău

Within a contemporary Hungarian literary discourse that emphasized national values, the first international journal of comparative literature, Acta Comparationis Litterarum Universarum (ACLU) proved quite incomprehensible. I therefore argue that ACLU’s aims and constant struggles are better understood from the viewpoint of its authors originating from beyond Hungary, such as that held by the English collaborator, E. D. Butler. A librarian at the British Museum whose interest in antiquarianism and orientalism may have fueled his involvement in ACLU’s translation projects, Butler can be considered one of the most important channels for propagating Hungarian literature in England. A comparison of Hungarian and English perspectives reveals how differently ACLU’S goals were interpreted, how comparative literature and Hungarian Studies/Hungarology were balanced according to the project proposed by the journal’s editors, Meltzl and Brassai. This analysis further examines how this negotiation surrounding the journal’s interpretation came to determine the early period of institutional comparative literature. Similarly, the Hungarian and English press’s reactions to this project reveal the paradoxical position ACLU occupied; for Hungarians, ACLU was not “Hungarian” enough, while it was precisely this “Hungarianness” that attracted the English. My paper discusses the underlying reasons for this situation by examining how Hungarians, the English and ACLU addressed questions in folklore, Hungarian and comparative literature studies, thereby providing additional insight into the journal’s concept of world literature and its anthropological approach.

José Ramón Cardona, Antoni Serra Cantallops

China se está convirtiendo en un importante destino turístico internacional. España, por su parte, se ha posicionado entre los tres principales destinos turísticos del mundo y, como mercado emisor, está creciendo gradualmente en importancia. Hay un gran potencial de incremento de los flujos turísticos hacia China. Este trabajo analiza la percepción de los españoles sobre China como país y como destino turístico y su familiaridad con la realidad de este país asiático en términos de turismo. Se ha realizado el estudio mediante un enfoque no estructurado, a través de preguntas abiertas que permiten analizar el recuerdo de las personas de forma no sugerida. Los resultados demuestran la escasa familiaridad con la realidad de China como destino turístico y el importante desconocimiento de sus atractivos, con la excepción de sus dos principales símbolos, Pekín y la Gran Muralla China. Los resultados también parecen indicar la existencia de grandes inhibidores entre ciertos segmentos. Palabras clave: China. Percepciones. Imagen del destino turístico.

Maria Rita de Oliveira Nunes

Este artigo fundamenta-se a partir das leituras de Henri Lefebvre. Dessa maneira, procura-se investigar as ações do poder público do Estado da Paraíba, frente ao turismo de sua capital. Objetivou-se com o trabalho verificar, por meio de levantamento bibliográfico, dados secundários, artigos científicos, revistas e jornais, as ações do Governo do Estado frente ao turismo. Nota-se que o mesmo entra como financiador de obras de grande magnitude em áreas que fortalecem ainda mais os investimentos do capital externo, refletindo no destino João Pessoa como receptáculo de um tipo de turismo voltado ao mercado, sem inserção e consulta da população local e pouca melhoria da condição de vida dos residentes.Palavras- chaves: Turismo. Produção do Espaço. Polo Turístico Cabo Branco- PB.

GUPALOVA ELENA

In the focus of this article is the music collection by O. Negrutsi „Spring Mood”, published in 2009 and edited by I .Stolyar. The piano Miniatures, that are different in variety of artistic ideas and content, are included in this anthology. All the works included in this collection have a number of teaching and performing features, a typical figurative and emotional system, evi­dent technical issues based on national folklore. All this makes them indispensable for the pedagogical and concert repertoire of the Special Piano course in the secondary and higher educational institutions of the Republic of Moldova.

D. Lamothe

Stith Thompson