With live streaming capabilities becoming increasingly important to the success of social media applications and representing central modes of engagement for popular digital platforms, the economic and socio-political functions of live streaming are critical to an understanding of changing new media landscapes. The existing scholarship on Twitch and similar live streaming platforms has demonstrated the importance of both financial investments and affective labor to these digital spaces. Building from existing scholarship, this article will apply a critical-cultural lens to analyze the ways in which Twitch’s interface mediates users’ agency through mechanics centered on affect, capital, and their intersections. How do emotional intimacies manifest across the design of the Twitch subscription system? How does Twitch incentivize live streaming subscriptions for both viewers and creators via design choices? What does this mean for an understanding of the affective investments that users have in live streaming more broadly speaking? Through an examination of the design-based affordances of live streaming on Twitch, I ask how these capabilities (to pay streamers via subscriptions and gift systems as well as to follow, comment, and otherwise engage) reflect the varying ways that intimacy is both created and understood in live streaming contexts. This work will contribute to an understanding of the affective investments that users have, express, and create across various new media platforms. It will particularly focus on how affective labor is both compensated and obfuscated via systems like the Twitch subscription.
Assam has long experienced intercommunal tensions stemming from faulty colonial-era administrative policies, which have continued post-independence. Key instances of violence include the Language Movement (1960), the Medium of Instruction Movement (1972), and the Assam Movement (1979-1985). These conflicts, particularly over language, have intensified tensions between Bengali and Assamese-speaking communities. Despite efforts to protect Assam’s ethnic and linguistic diversity, political manipulation and poor crisis management have deepened divisions. As affective relation is built up to fuel community sentiments and empower these movements, one may discern that three principal factors have been responsible for intensifying the conflict: misinformation among the communities, misdirection of the Movements, and involvement of political parties. Further, as political rhetoric has kept fuelling and nourishing communal sentiments till the present day, the same factors seem to be at work in varying degrees. Employing qualitative methods, this study draws from primary and secondary data, including interviews with 150 families from various socio-economic and ethnic backgrounds in violence-affected areas of Western Assam. Through semi-structured interviews, leaders, political figures, victims, and witnesses shared their views on Assam’s socio-political and economic history. This research is structured on three principal arguments corresponding to three sections, and a set of recommendations is presented in the concluding section. The first section argues that although the genesis of language conflict was triggered by transformation brought about by a new socio-economic structure introduced by the East India Company (EIC), the rhetorical conflict has been sustained till the present times through the clerk-conspiracy theory. The second section discusses how the Indian People’s Theatre Association (IPTA), as a non-communal association, tried to diffuse communal sentiments during the Language Movement in 1960. The third section looks at the post-1960s era when the conflict intensified due to the failure of the previous governments to tackle the immigration issue, and the concluding section argues that since inter-ethnic relationships worsened in subsequent years, a constitutional safeguard for the Assamese community may transform the socio-economic conditions responsible for the conflict. However, this can be achieved only when solidarity-building measures, mutual respect for all communities, and humility are made the basis of conversation.
Taking into account the methodology of Ukrainian and interdisciplinary studies, the available research on the theory and practice of identification processes, the article considers the phenomenon of civilizational identity of Ukrainians, its origins, formation, and current state from the standpoint of civilizational, anthropological, and sociocultural approaches. The concept of “civilizational identity” indicates the affiliation of an individual, ethnic group, or state to a particular civilization and is interpreted as a set of symbols, ideas, feelings, and self-awareness of their belonging to the Ukrainian cultural and civilizational community, which is based on national and universal values within the space of European civilizations and interaction with them. The author analyzes theoretical and methodological foundations of civilizational identity presented in the works by A. Bergson, M. Weber, К. Wolf, S. Huntington, E. Gellner, I. Hoffmann, E. Husserl, J. Derrida, K. Eder, E. Erikson, G. Simmel, A. Camus, E. Cassier, A. Kuna, K. Levi-Strauss, G. Rickert, E. Smith, A. Toynbee, S. Freud, C. Jung, K. Jaspers, and others. He considers its Ukrainian features and structure: ethnic, national, cultural, religious, political, civic, European, and other components, shown in connection with the mentality and global nature against the background of historical progress and post-Soviet transformations, beginning from the Middle Ages, Kyivan Rus, the Renaissance, modernism and ending with postmodernism; emphasizes the historical mission of Ukrainian Cossacks as a national carrier of a new identity, tracks civilizational self-determination of the Ukrainian identity at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries, as well as the role of consciousness, social psychology, and the national idea in the civilizational transformation of identity; highlights the causes of the identity crisis and schism in the conditions of totalitarianism, its devastating consequences for the identification process of Ukrainians in general. The main focus is put on the study of the specifics of the civilizational identity formation in the conditions of independence of Ukraine; the role of its components – ethnic, religious, national, civic, and European; the contribution of T. Bevz, T. Voropaieva, M. Kozlovets, I. Kutsyi, L. Nahorna, M. Obushnyi, Yu. Pavlenko, Yu. Polishchuk, M. Popovych, O. Rafalskyi, V. Tkachenko, M. Shulha, M. Yurii, and others to the study of key aspects of the problem; the influence on the civilizational identification processes, European integration, and globalization of the modern world, Revolution of dignity, democratization of the society, interethnic relations, aggressive policy of Russia. The article highlights ways to preserve Ukrainian identity in the alien environment, the role of Ukrainians abroad in shaping civilizational identity. Significant attention is paid to the importance of Ukrainian studies as an academic synthesis of historical, philosophical, ethnological, cultural, and psychological knowledge in the elaboration of scholarly bases for building the civilizational identity and summarizing the relevant accumulated practical experience. A number of proposals have been made to further research the problem, increasing the role of the state and civil society in activating the civilizational identification of Ukrainians and their prospects.
Este artigo tem por objetivo compreender e analisar, de forma breve, os desafios enfrentados pela educação no Brasil neste atual momento pandêmico. A proposta é trabalhar caminhos metodológicos que possam endereçar tais desafios frente às questões tecnológicas que a educação, em ambientes digitais, cria e estabelece, tanto para os professores quanto para os alunos e, eventualmente, suas famílias. As novas formas de interação, professor-aluno-tecnologia, devem seguir em direção a uma metodologia minimamente consistente para enfrentar as adversidades oriundas do espírito do tempo, com reflexos, também, na educação tecnológica superior. Assim pensando, estabeleceu-se, como base, o diálogo entre a Pedagogia da Autonomia, do educador Paulo Freire, defensor de uma pedagogia fundada na ética, no respeito, na dignidade e na autonomia do educando, e os regimes de interação – e mesmo de sentido – da sociossemiótica de Eric Landowski, procurando compreender as novas práticas do ensino que se estabelecem, às vezes, na presença mediada de professor e aluno, outras em presenças virtualizadas, de maneira assíncrona, em um caminho que, neste instante, coloca-se como necessário. Assim, torna-se imprescindível promover ações de inclusão social para a transformação e respeito pela coletividade, neste momento singular. Com essa finalidade, surgiu o Instituto OFÉ, criado para proporcionar educação profissional tecnológica superior, alicerçada na inovação e na justiça social, de forma a promover o desenvolvimento local e regional por meio de metodologia humana, sensível e acolhedora, valorizando o percurso do sujeito a partir de um ensino híbrido com acolhimento, que será apresentado neste trabalho.
Fine Arts, Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology
Ridhwan Ridhwan, Sri Astuti A. Samad, Khaeruddin Kiramang
et al.
Kalindaqdaq is a literary work of Mandar community which is considered as an old poetry and one of the actualizations of religion and local wisdom harmonization. Several studies on Kalindaqdaq have been conducted but none explores from ethno-pedagogical perspective. This study is aimed at supporting the importance of local wisdom in Islamic education because the education process cannot be separated from the expression of culture and customary orders proven to be capable of educating humans. This study employs a qualitative method with ethno pedagogical approach. The data are collected through a library research by identifying, selecting, and reviewing research outputs relevant to the topic and literary works about Kalindaqdaq. The analysis is conducted by finding out the integration or interconnection relationships of the local wisdom with education. The findings reveal that Kalindaqdaq functions as a means of religious education, morals, traditional socialization media, communication tools for traditional narratives and entertainment. Kalindaqdaq as a cultural product contains Islamic educational values, such as monotheism, worship, morals, social and heroism. The implication of this study derives from the findings. The findings imply that kalindaqdaq is important under an ethnopedagogical perspective, applicable in the educational process. This study is the evidence of Islam and local wisdom harmonization, which highly supports the development of Islamic education as an integral part of education in Indonesia.
Kalindaqdaq merupakan karya sastra masyarakat Mandar yang tergolong sebagai puisi lama dan dianggap sebagai salah satu aktualisasi harmonisasi agama dan kearifan lokal. Beberapa penelitian tentang Kalindaqdaq telah dilakukan tetapi belum ada yang mengeksplorasi harmonisasi pendidikan Islam dan kearifan lokal dengan perspektif etnopedagogis. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnopedagogis. Signifikansi kajian ini adalah untuk menegaskan bahwa keberadaan kearifan lokal dalam pendidikan Islam menjadi penting karena proses pendidikan tidak lepas dari ekspresi budaya dan tatanan adat yang dapat mendidik manusia. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi pustaka dengan mengidentifikasi, memilih, dan mengkaji literature ilmiah yang relevan dengan topik penelitian dan karya sastra tentang Kalindaqdaq. Analisis dilakukan untuk mengetahui keterpaduan atau keterkaitan kearifan lokal dengan pendidikan. Temuan mengungkapkan bahwa Kalindaqdaq memiliki fungsi sebagai sarana pendidikan agama, moral, media sosialisasi tradisional, alat komunikasi untuk narasi tradisional dan hiburan. Kalindaqdaq sebagai produk budaya mengandung nilai-nilai pendidikan Islam seperti tauhid, ibadah, akhlak, sosial dan kepahlawanan. Implikasi dari penelitian ini berasal dari temuan. Temuan ini menyiratkan bahwa kalindaqdaq penting dari perspektif etnopedagogis, yaitu penggunaan kearifan lokal dalam proses pendidikan. Kajian ini merupakan bukti harmonisasi dan adat Islam serta mendukung pengembangan pendidikan Islam sebagai bagian integral dari pendidikan di Indonesia.
Elena Klochkova, Yana Serkina, Valeriy Prasolov
et al.
The purpose of this article is to analyse the digital economy in higher educational institutions of the EU, the USA and the Russian Federation. The study examines topical issues and directions of higher education transformation, in the context of creating a digital learning environment. A learning process model is designed for a higher educational institution. The model will help to obtain competencies that meet the requirements of a digital economy. There is a need to adapt the education system to changes in the labour market. The activities of educational institutions and public authorities should be coordinated to prepare the optimal number of specialists that will be in demand. Corporate and university education should be integrated. Higher educational institutions should focus on increasing digital and business literacy in students, continuous digital training and retraining of teachers. The research developments are universal in nature and might be applied both as part of managing IT-learning processes of individual educational institutions and in national (regional) practices.
During his pilgrimages to his homeland, John Paul II was teaching his countrymen about the problems specifi c to the Church in Poland, but also to the whole Church. One of these themes was the missions ad gentes. The Pope noticed and pointed out on the example of the history of his nation that missions built Polish statehood and shaped Polish culture. He called for this process to be recognized in the history of Europe as a whole and to recognize in evangelization the factor that builds and defi nes its true identity. He showed that missions help imbue human culture with a supernatural element. He recalled the truth about the missionary nature of the Church and the missionary vocation of all its members. Responsibility and cooperation in the missionary work was for John Paul II one of the forms of the “imagination of mercy.” Appealing to his countrymen for missionary generosity and commitment, he also pointed to the fi gures who were involved in the animation of the missionary work in the Polish and universal Church. In his teaching in Poland, he recalled the missionary task of the Church community and of each and every faithful.
Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology, Practical Theology
El presente texto busca conocer una forma de habitar colectivamente el territorio valdiviano. En pleno proceso de modernizaciones empujadas por el Estado de compromiso a mediados del siglo XX, los nuevos habitantes de la ciudad, trabajadores de industrias y talleres se apropiaron de territorios periféricos para dotarse de un habitar en consonancia con su nuevo rol en la sociedad, para ello echaron mano a sus saberes y a los elementos sociales, económicos y políticos disponibles. Desde los testimonios de pobladores y los registros documentales del barrio Arica de Valdivia, reconstruimos la historia de los nuevos habitantes y, como resultado, la aparición de una ciudad moderna.
Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology, Special aspects of education
Kerala, a state with high development indices distinguished with its Kerala Model of Development (UN, 1975), is also affected by recent Pandemic COVID'19 as other states and nations worldwide. The existing socio-economic analysis of the State reveals that the land reforms, promotion of education, and early introduction of participatory governance through Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) have contributed to the State's socio-economic and political advancement. These factors played a significant role in the fight against the pandemic. This study is an attempt to answer what are the future economic and health challenges as the State, Kerala Model of Development, is faced with COVID'19? The specific objectives further guide this— to study the economic challenges ahead of the State as the tertiary sector is faced with challenges to contribute to the economy and attempted to study the possible ways to address health issues in the State. The researchers conducted an in-depth interview among 10 social scientists and economists of Kerala using purposive sampling to obtain primary data, which has been supported by secondary resources. The researchers did a thematic analysis of the primary data collected, further corroborated by secondary data. The study reveals that the State's current scenario during the pandemic, the grass-root empowerment in all spheres of life clubbed with administrative guidance, resulted in well-equipped public health care service delivery. The fall in the tertiary sector's income has decisively affected the State's economy, especially in agriculture, health, IT, tourism, labour, and foreign remittance. The State's economic and social equilibrium will face challenges in addressing issues in the post-COVID era. Even though the State suffered some increased Covid-19 cases recently, after expatriates' return, the dimensions mentioned above assisted the State in its fight against COVID'19. To address the challenges to the Kerala Model of Development, especially the post-COVID-19 requirements of the State demands interrogation, introspection, and integration of the current policies that majorly depend on the tertiary sector and initiate policies, plans, and programmes to strike a balance between all sectors, especially providing impetus to the primary sector so that a failure in one sector can be compensated by the other.
The subject of this research is the process of emergence and establishment of normative regulation of various forms and types of property in the kinship community. The object of this research is the normative regulation of property, usage of management of real and personal property at the stages of early and later kinship community in the historical dynamics. The goal consists in the attempt of approximate reconstruction of genesis, key stages and peculiarities of establishment of the normative regulation of initial forms and types of property based on the data of legal and economic anthropology. Research methodology is based on the anthropological concept of multilinear neo-evolutionism that allows accurate usage of materials on the synpolite primitive ethnoses for reconstructing the preliterate period overall, as well as different aspects of the genesis of state and law in particular. The novelty is defined by the fact that this topic has not previously become a topic of special examination within the Russian historiography. Using the wide variety of ethnological material, the author doubts the dominant in science representation of the primitive hypercollectivism, substantiates the emergence of complexly structures hierarchical system of property back at the stage of early kinship community, which was regulated by the ancient moral, religious and legal traditions – mononormativities. The consequences of Neolithic revolution are associated with the genesis of family property as the initial form of private property. Its establishment is demonstrated in the context of rights to real and personal property among the clans of economic-cultural types. The author believes that the formed in the Neolithic Age system of common law replaces the previously existing mononormativities in order to serve the new forms of property and socioeconomic relations in the stratified society that was moving towards the emergence of social classes and the state.
El presente dossier, entonces, reúne algunas de las investigaciones que fueron presentadas preliminarmente en la mesa de las Jornadas Interescuelas 2017, realizadas por la Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, con sede en esa ciudad. Los artículos son exponentes del tipo de presentaciones que la mesa ha albergado: es decir, cuidadosas propuestas que combinan la reflexión teórica a partir de estudios de casos y/o regionales muy bien documentados o respaldados arqueológicamente. A su vez, estas producciones recogen, y forman parte de, una sólida tradición argentina de estudios etnohistóricos que, sin
duda, se han enriquecido a partir de los intercambios entre los investigadores propiciados por la actividad de la mesa.
Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology, Latin America. Spanish America
Summary: The article is based on the study of informal features of celebrating the former national holiday, the Republic Day (of the SFRY), in post-socialist Slovenia: Yugonostalgic parties, concerts, political graffiti and street art, songs, various public events, news in the media and internet events (holiday greetings, Facebook groups, blogs, virtual Yugoslavias etc.). In the research I applied a combination of the usual cultural-studies methods (urban ethnography, sociology of time and critical visual semiology), which deals with these phenomena from the point of its production (top-down) and from the point of its reception (bottom-up). These celebrations are, on the one hand, increasingly commodified (in the sense of pop-resistance, painless provocation, pure entertainment or profitable market niche), while on the other hand, they present a critique, challenge, opposition and symbolic alternative to contemporary Slovenian dominant ideological currents and politics (ethno-nationalism and neo-liberalism).
Anthropology, Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology
Denne artikel handler om organisationers muligheder for bruge deres historie. Artiklen udspringer af mit arbejde med at skrive en jubilæumsbog på Copenhagen Business School (CBS) i anledning af handelshøjskolens 100års jubilæum. Baseret på autoetnografisk metode, notater, mødereferater og personlige refleksioner, gennemgår jeg min egen rolle i forløbet fra projektets start i 2014 til jubilæumsåret i 2017. I artiklen tager jeg udgangspunkt i eksisterende historiebrugstypologier, for at kunne udpege forskellige dimensioner af organisatorisk historiebrug, og jeg beskriver hvordan CBS’s jubilæum blev brugt til tre overordnede formål: til at opbygge og forstærke en intern organisationsidentitet, til ekstern branding og markedsføring, og til at indhente konkret viden om organisationens fortid.
Currently, Roma history is marked by an interdisciplinary variety of „white spots” which must to be gradually removed by fundamental research into social and humanitarian sciences. In this thnological study, for fragmentary elucidation of aspects related to origin,endonims/ethnonyms, social status, practiced crafts, an-
cient migration routes and first attestations of the Moldavian Roma/Gypsy ancestors in the Carpatho-Dniestrian
space – the author has taken over the preserved narratives in local legends and the information recorded in the publications. For the first time in the local humanitarian scientific field there were exposed ten original mentions referring to the ethnogenesis of the Roma/Gypsy community in the following historical-geographic regions: Southern Asia (India), Central Asia (Bactria, Babylonian
Empire), Northern Africa (Egypt, Numidia), Southeastern Europe (Carpathian Area, Ancient Greece, Roman Dacia province, Transylvanian Voivodeship). Concurrently, was highlighted the evolution of the social status of the Moldavian Roma/Gypsies ancestors in the period preceding the first attestations in the Carpathian-Dniestrian space: freelancers, migrant workers, political emigrants, political refugees, war prisoners, war refugees, wanderers, immigrants, private slaves, slaves of the state; as well as traditional crafts practiced by this community during the
same period of time: nomadic blacksmiths, armourers,
vagrant entertainmenters, horseshoes, goldsmiths.
Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology
Este artigo fala sobre a influência das religiões sobre nossos corpos, primeiramente o catolicismo, que no pretexto de salvar almas bárbaras e hereges tentou catequizar os índios e os negros para domesticar seus corpos, e dos negros que trazem consigo uma forte cultura ancestral centrada no corpo para o Brasil. Durante a colonização e diáspora aconteceu um forte encontro cultural que construiu uma maneira própria de ser no mundo do afrodescendente. O texto em si está fundamentado na mitologia, uma vez que o mito é a maneira primordial de ser no mundo e na cultura popular nas músicas de Carlinhos Brown e Clara Nunes. Discute sobre a sexualidade dos orixás, seu encontro na umbanda com os ciganos, falando de Maria Padilha, a rainha da sedução, que é um dos exus femininos mais populares. A sensualidade em pessoa, Maria Padilha vai fazer parte da umbanda e da maioria dos candomblés, sendo responsável pelos problemas de cunho amoroso. O texto aprofunda, também, conceitos como ancestralidade, comunicação cultural, inversão exuriana e identidade.
Palavras-Chave: Ancestralidade, Comunicação Cultural, Sensualidade, Sexualidade.
Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology, Human settlements. Communities
As a scientist, Professor Ruofu Du enjoyed an outstanding reputation both at home and abroad. For more than half a century, he devoted himself to the advancement of Chinese national anthropology and human population genetics, always keeping pace with global development trends of human genetics. As one of the founders of population genetics in China, Prof. Du promoted the human genome diversity project of China, and established the Chinese National Immortalized Cell Bank in Beijing, which is the most diverse population cell bank in China (http://lac.genetics.ac. cn/zhysxbk/ShowClass.asp?ClassID=17). Prof. Du compiled several books during his research career which have been widely used in the study of the basic theories of Chinese population genetics research. In 2014 Prof. Du won the “Anthropology of Lifetime Achievement Award”, which is sponsored by the Anthropological Association of Shanghai, to recognize those scientists in the field of anthropology who have made a significant and outstanding contribution the anthropology, for his 60 years of research in this field. After receiving his PhD degree from the Soviet Union Lenin Glennon College, Du returned to China in 1958, when he was 28 years old. There undertook a project to assess the effect of ionizing radiation on mammals and human genetics. Based on the research results of a survey into a population who were exposed to radiation in China, he provided direct evidence about the influence on human genetics of ionizing radiation (Ruofu Du, 1964). Subsequently, the Health Department modified the permissible irradiation dose of exposure to professional radiation staff of our country according to Du’s proposal. Prof. Du realized the scarcity of research data on human genetics in our country during this survey, and resolved to try his best to contribute in this field. Remarkably, Prof. Du continued his research work during the 10 years Cultural Revolution even though most of scientific research was forced to stop at that time. Meanwhile, he translated and published three important guiding books, The Radiation Genetics and Breeding of Crop, Handbook of Mutation Breeding and Molecular Genetics during this period of unrest, with the cooperation of Mr. Jike Yang (杨纪珂). In 1978 China began to introduce social reform and opening-up policies, after leading an academic visit to Australia, Prof. Du realized that Chinese research work had lagged far behind their international counterparts. When someone asked him, “What are you going to do when you go back home?” He said: “I think human genetics is the most backward in the field of genetics in our country. There has been a great deal of research into animals and plants, however as for research into human genetics, there are 56 ethnic groups and many special populations in China, but there is few related research about that, it is pity that we leave such a wealth of population genetic resources alone”. Thus, Du first proposed to carry out the study of human population genetics in China. Just as he said, “research of human population genetics is the need of the society and sciences, and that is my persistent goal.” In 1979 Prof. Du and his human population genetics research group in Institute of Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, which was established in Beijing, visited many remote regions all over the country and carried out a systematic investigation into the physical anthropology and cultural anthropology of the 56 ethnic groups in China, including extensive sampling and analysis on several indicators of human population genetics (Fig. 1). Summing up the investigation, Prof. Du compiled two books, Chinese Nations and Chinese National Population Genetics (Ruofu Du, 1994, 2004). Chinese Nations is not only widely used as a reference book in the National Committee at all levels of our country and autonomous region, but also for ethnology, anthropology and population genetics researchers. Chinese National Population Genetics has been widely used as an introduction into the theories of genetics. Prof. Du stressed that the aim of Chinese population genetics research is to study genetic structure, the similarities and differences, as well as changes among the population of all ethnic groups in