Andreza Garcia de GOUVEIA, Ana Lucia Nogueira de Paiva BRITTO, Rosa Maria FORMIGA-JOHNSSON
Resumo No Brasil, a Lei Federal n. 14.026/2020 estabeleceu como meta a universalização do abastecimento de água a todos os brasileiros até 2033. Considerando que as informações do Censo Demográfico do IBGE são essenciais para o planejamento e a formulação de programas voltados à universalização do acesso aos serviços de abastecimento de água tratada, o presente trabalho discute o papel do Censo nessa perspectiva. A partir de uma pesquisa documental e de entrevistas de campo, evidenciou-se que, apesar dos avanços no levantamento de dados estatísticos sobre as formas de abastecimento domiciliar, os atuais atributos utilizados pelo Censo do IBGE ainda não são suficientes para caracterizar adequadamente o acesso à água dos diversos grupos sociais e espaços geográficos que compõem o País.
Over the past two decades, e‑participation has become increasingly relevant as a result of digitization and the evolution of information and communication technologies. Yet the perspectives of providers and users with regard to the requirements on an e‑participation system are not sufficiently considered jointly. This paper investigates the requirements and challenges of users and providers. The study is based on a mixed methods approach with an online survey of those responsible for e‑participation processes in various administrative and planning areas as well as semi-structured expert interviews. In addition, we conducted proband tests to investigate the usability of digital citizen participation tools. The results show that accessibility, retrievability, effectiveness, interaction in the digital arena, security, technical specifications, resources, media literacy and the use of participation as a basis for profound decision-making are key requirements for e‑participation systems. These demands requirements are interrelated and influence the quality and effectiveness of participation processes. To meet these requirements, we propose an e‑participation ecosystem that integrates the different dimensions of digital participation and takes into account the interaction between actors, demands and contextual conditions.
Cities. Urban geography, Urbanization. City and country
Aulina Adamy, Meillyta Meillyta, Lisa Maharani
et al.
Among all of the Indonesian islands, Java poses the highest risk for all types of disasters, making it a significant threat to low-cost houses due to its high population vulnerability. The objective is to enhance comprehension of it by conducting a building typology analysis concerning various natural hazards/ risks. The methodology consists of 10 sample houses field observation, AutoCAD drawing, literature analysis, and built environment expert interviews. The results developed four categories of houses emphasising brick or timber walls with a combination of clay tile or zinc roofs. Related to disaster vulnerability, an improper building structure is the main problem. Smooth roof material is significant in a volcano eruption, a complete interconnection of structure is a must for the tornado, light materials are preferable in an earthquake zone, natural material is not recommended for high risk of forest fire, and elevating floor is mandatory in flooding. Focus on designing the four categories’ houses and quality control of the construction process are two strategies recommended. Also, a minimum of two types of disasters in the area should be considered in the design. Resilient low-cost houses will have an impact on reducing casualties, environmental damage, and economic losses. Covering more samples and areas in Java in future studies will provide a comprehensive understanding of low-cost houses.
Pankaj Kant, Pavan Kumar Machavarapu, Anagha R Natha
ABSTRACTThe monsoon pattern has shifted across Kerala. This, combined with significant deforestation and hill denuding, has resulted in catastrophic floods and landslides, particularly during the Southwest monsoon. Urgent relief services were to be delivered in a timely and accurate manner in order to sustain the lives of the impacted people. Even though resources were sent to several relief camps, they were either in excess or shortage on multiple instances. The conditions that prevailed during the monsoon time, as well as concerns and challenges during disaster relief efforts, must first be investigated for the effective operation of these supply chain activities. This research aims to develop a disaster logistics hub location selection decision support system, based on the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) and Best Worst Method (BWM), to meet the needs of disaster victims and rescue teams in the event of flooding, and to implement the proposed systems in Kuttanad, Kerala. Initially, the criteria are determined and structured in the hierarchy, and the weightage for the criteria is done via a questionnaire technique. Expert opinion on nine points scale was gathered from a set of experts working under different levels of positions during disaster management. The weights obtained by the FAHP and BWM methods were statistically analysed and compared for the reliability of the two techniques. The suggested model and application results may throw light on future work, particularly in the realm of disaster logistics management.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, most countries suffered economically. Financial institutions play an important role in enhancing economic growth through intermediation. However, preliminary studies focused on common aspects of financial institutions rather than the banking context, and the majority of the literature was written prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examines the banking sector’s role in short-run and long-run contributions to economic growth from 2009 to 2021. Indicators of the number of banking deposits, offices and public financing were used as proxies to validate the relationship between Indonesian financial development and economic growth (gross domestic product) in the vector error correction model (VECM). The Indonesian bank’s contribution to the country’s economic growth was examined. Data were collected from banks’ annual reports. This study found a strong short- and long-term correlation between financial development and Indonesia’s economic growth. There is a bidirectional relationship between Indonesia’s Islamic Bank (IIB) and GDP. The relationship between the conventional bank and Indonesia’s economic growth is unidirectional. Therefore, policymakers should enhance the intensified mobilisation of loans obtained for capital and productive projects. This study also shows that macroeconomic and microeconomic stability can be improved by enhancing capital inflows and investments in lucrative sectors, as the research goal was to examine the effect of financial development before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, which detriments most countries’ stability. However, future studies need to confirm banks’ contributions to specific sectors such as agriculture and small and medium enterprises due to their strong correlation with developing countries.
The main objective of the present study is to analyze the European Union defense policy on the example of Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO). It will be possible thanks to a comprehensive analysis of individual PESCO projects, participating countries, determinants and perspectives for the development of defense policy. The main hypothesis of the article is that although the strongest military European Union countries, relying on PESCO, seek to expand defense cooperation, this cooperation has no visible impact on increasing their armed forces. The article contains information about the genesis of the European Union Security and Defense Policy and the legal basis of Permanent Structured Cooperation, as well as a detailed list of all PESCO projects with the countries participating in them. An analysis of the implementation of PESCO projects indicates that they are dependent on external factors. This study uses methods appropriate to the science of international relations. Its research tools include an analysis of the literature on the subject, documents, and statistical data.
Camilo Andrés Caro Zúñiga, Gabriel Prosser Bravo, Valentina Stark Gutiérrez
et al.
En el campo de la Gestión del Riesgo ante Desastres (GRD) la noción de resiliencia comunitaria ha motivado una serie de estudios enfocados en conceptualizar, dimensionar y definir los pilares de este constructo. El presente estudio busca describir las dimensiones de la resiliencia comunitaria frente a la amenaza de una falla geológica activa del sector precordillerano de la Región Metropolitana de Chile. Se aplicó un cuestionario a 43 dirigentes sociales de Peñalolén, posteriormente, se realizó un análisis estadístico de los 27 ítems cerrados y un análisis temático cuantitativo de los 3 ítems abiertos. Los resultados indican cinco dimensiones claves de la resiliencia comunitaria: gobernabilidad; evaluación del riesgo; conocimientos culturales y educación; gestión de riesgos y reducción de vulnerabilidad; y estrategias organizativas para la preparación y respuesta ante desastres. Se discute la importancia de estas dimensiones de la resiliencia comunitaria en contextos de vulnerabilidades crónicas y superpuestas, a la vez que se resalta la necesidad de desarrollar mejores medidas institucionales de prevención, preparación y respuesta ante desastres.
Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology, City planning
Tarciso Binoti Simas, Sônia Le Cocq Oliveira, Ana Belén Cano Hila
Barcelona vem investindo na replicação do seu “Modelo Barcelona” de operação urbana desde o projeto para as Olimpíadas de 1992, sendo Poblenou uma das áreas estratégicas com muitas intervenções urbanas e processos de gentrificação. Diante das transformações constantes, este artigo busca avançar em novos conhecimenots sobre os impactos mais recentes da gentrificação em Poblenou. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exporatória sobre a evolução do estoque imobiliário, valorização da moradia, perfil populacional e fotografia atual da gentrificação. Apesar da complexidade que este tema envolve, esta análise de Poblenou contribui para trazer maior clareza sobre os impactos negativos destas operações. Assim, é possível observar a evolução desse processo de gentrificação que se encontra consolidado em certas áreas e, em outras, em estágio parcial.
Este número de la revista Bitácora Urbano Territorial está dedicado a examinar la relación entre movilidad, espacio público y diseño participativo. Tres asuntos que, aunque cada uno cuenta con un universo independiente en términos conceptuales y en sus desarrollos prácticos, nos pareció pertinente reunirlos en una misma temática dada su interrelación permanente en las dinámicas actuales de la ciudad y el territorio.
Acudimos al concepto de movilidad para referirnos a la forma como los ciudadanos, presentes en el territorio, se desplazan en los distintos planos de la ciudad y, de la sociedad. La ciudad es tomada como un espacio predominante de concentración de los seres humanos, un espacio les brinda un conjunto de oportunidades. Así, la ciudad, entendida como la máxima representación de la democracia y de los avances en ciencia y tecnología, debería garantizar la movilización libre de los ciudadanos en el territorio; sin embargo, la realidad es muy diferente. Sus espacios están fragmentados como causa de procesos de ocupación y de lógicas de poder que generan constantes barreras físicas y de otros ordenes, que impiden la movilización y el traslado libre.
Los conflictos internos que tienen lugar desde hace años en los países de América Latina hacen que el territorio unitario de la nación, en la práctica, no sea posible; esto a causa de la cauda de la distribución, territorial que, derivada de las distintas lógicas y prácticas del poder que en él se desarrollan, afectan la movilidad.
Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology, City planning
Boris Ivelic es miembro fundador y director de la Maestría en Arquitectura mención náutico y marítimo de la Escuela de Arquitectura y Diseño de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (EAD-PUCV). Reside en la Ciudad Abierta, donde hace más de 40 años, junto a otros profesores integra trabajo, vida y estudio. La EAD-PUCV es actualmente una referencia internacional y ha tenido una relevancia cabal para nuestra facultad en la incorporación de contenidos vinculados a la relación entre arquitectura y paisaje, y al desarrollo de prácticas 1:1. Esta entrevista contextualiza el vínculo entre ambas facultades, e indaga sobre el concepto de maritorio, su importancia para comprender el territorio chileno en sus dimensiones tangibles e intangibles y el impacto que esta noción ha tenido en la producción académica y científica de grado y posgrado de la EAD-PUCV.
In this paper we examine, from a historical perspective, how neoliberal policies become the underlying causes that affect cultural built heritage in the southern portion of Mexico City, at present. First, we document the development of cultural built heritage in Mexico during the 20th century. We underline that this idea is accompanied, however, by a series of destruction processes concerning cultural built heritage at the same time, as the urban sprawl of Mexico City expands far south. Then, we focus on morphological and functional transformations that occurred in Periferico Sur and Insurgentes Sur urban corridors. Quantitative data that support an amalgamation of building complexes and land uses is presented, which is strongly related to the tertiary sector. We highlight the contradictions concerning the preservation of cultural built heritage within the region in current days. A first case study deals with Cuicuilco Archaeological Zone and the lack of public investment in its maintenance. Second, we assess the reconversion of an old factory into a shopping mall with support of private investment. Finally, we deal with a group of monumental sculptures that remained abandoned by their owners, but also lack of any kind of official protection by the Mexican institutions, for years.
Geography (General), Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology
This study investigated the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and burnout among architectural students. The sample of the study included 35 4th year students in the Architecture Department. In the study the Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i) of Bar-On was used to measure the emotional intelligence profile, and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) of Maslach was used to measure the state of burnout. The EI level of architecture students was found upper intermediate with a score of 3,63/5. No relationship was found between the EI level of students and their gender, habitation, employment and financial welfare levels. The burnout status of architecture students was defined as intermediate with a score of 2,66/5. No relationship was found between the burnout status of students and their gender, habitation, employment and financial welfare levels. The statistical analysis of the data has revealed a strong statistically significant relationship, in the same direction between the emotional intelligence levels of the students and their burnout status. The study has also revealed a strong and statistically significant relationship between the burnout status and general mood and stress management subscales of emotional intelligence
This reserach is aimed to analyse the condition of water system balance and its role towards the area utilization in Gajah Wong sub catchment region. The method used in this research is by using the analysis of water balance by applying the comparison of the water supply potention and the amount of water required as well as the projection in future and the plan space area. The water supply potention is produced by the surface water and the ground water, while the amount of water required is based on the household activities of the society, agriculture, industry, and socio economic facilities. The result of the analysis will be applied to give a direction towards the terrain utilization. The result of the research in Gajah Wong sub catchment region shows that in 2011 the water supply potention is predicted to keep getting water surplus at the rate 75.691.000 m³/year or seen from the water usage indeks at the rate of 81% at 2011. Therefore, the cistern is predicted to be available to suffice any need. From many researches that have been conducted, the formula proposal on the terrain utilization is more directed to the protection towards the recharge area as well as the preservation and the control towards the water resource. Some of the directions are to stretch the licencing of the land utilization for settlement especially in the recharge area by concidering the slope declivity and the water resource existance.
In the last few years, “Sustainable” and “Smart” mobility became concepts of fundamental importance and led national government to adopt programmes and measures aimed at reducing the carbon emissions of private and commercial vehicles. The final goal is to pursue the EU objectives of reducing the greenhouse gases emission in transportation sector. The progressive electrification of the circulating vehicles represents a possible solution to the air pollution relating problems. A recent innovative research field, which could significantly contribute to the diffusion of the electric vehicles, consists of the inductive recharge systems for electric vehicles. This technology could also bring to considerably environmental and logistic advantages, especially in urban areas. Starting from the analysis of the main ongoing experimentations of these innovative systems in the world, the present paper proposes a possible application of the inductive recharge technology to the public transport vehicles, through the presentation of the case study of Brescia.
Transportation engineering, Urbanization. City and country