Hasil untuk "Oriental languages and literatures"

Jaroslava Obrtelová, Gulbeka Pahlavonova

This is the first of two articles addressing a Wakhi text that deals with the practice of pastoralism and seasonal migration as observed in the Wakhan region of Tajikistan. The Wakhi text was written by a Wakhi speaker from Tajikistan based on her and her relatives’ personal experience and observations. The aim of this article is not only to describe the traditions, practices and rituals related to the seasonal migration to summer pastures (ayloq) in Wakhan, but also to explain and discuss the Wakhi vocabulary related to this phenomenon. The sections of Wakhi text are followed by English translations with additional explanatory comments and relevant references.

Sher Chandley

Diana Nur Sholihah, Lulu Marfuatin Auliya, Salmaa Nabiilah et al.

This research aims to explore how Arabic learners at Universitas Islam Tribakti Lirboyo Kediri utilize language learning strategies (LLSs) and whether gender influences their strategic preferences. The participants consisted of 100 students—40 male and 60 female—who completed the Language Learning Strategy Questionnaire (LLSQ) developed by Rita et al. (2019). The instrument asked students to reflect on how frequently they use specific strategies—cognitive, metacognitive, and social—when learning the four core Arabic language skills: speaking, listening, reading, and writing. The findings revealed that cognitive strategies were the most frequently used across most skill areas. Metacognitive strategies appeared more prominently in writing tasks, while social strategies—such as seeking help from peers—were generally used less often. Interestingly, statistical analysis indicated no significant gender differences in strategy use, suggesting that both male and female students approach language learning in relatively similar ways. These patterns point to a strong reliance on task-based strategies, with comparatively less emphasis on reflective or collaborative approaches. In light of these results, educators may consider supporting learners in diversifying their strategy use—particularly by promoting peer interaction and strategic planning behaviors—to foster deeper and more effective language learning.

Ozan Kolbaş

Rahimi is a poet of classical Turkish literature who lived in Bursa in the sixteenth century. He was known to be a good calligrapher as well as a poet. Among the sources providing detailed information about his biography, Aşık Çelebi’s Meşa’irü’ş-Şu‘ara is the most important. His only known work today is his mathnawi Seb‘a-Seyyare, which is also mentioned by Aşık Çelebi. The only manuscript of the work is registered in the Manisa Manuscript Library, Manisa Akhisar Zeynelzade Collection, number 213/2. Rahimi fell in love with Keyvanzade Mustafa, who was famous for his beauty in Bursa, around 940 (1533-1534) and narrated this love adventure in his work Seb‘a-Seyyare, which he completed in 945 (1538-1539). Although the poet states that his work consists of a total of 1000 couplets, a total of 990 couplets are recorded in the manuscript we have. After the tawhit, munajat and naat sections, the natural and architectural beauties of Bursa are described. The seven beautiful men of the city are then mentioned in connection with the sky. Rahimi falls in love with Keyvanzade Mustafa, whom he places on the seventh floor of the sky in his dream, and when he wakes up, he wanders around various gardens of Bursa to find this person. When he fails to meet his beloved, he realizes that he must move away from figurative love and turn towards the love of God. The skilful use of figures of speech gives the narrative a literary style and makes Seb‘a-Seyyare a successful mathnawi.

Armen Israyelyan

The article deals with Israel’s factor which influences Iran-Azerbaijan relations. The article highlights the following issues when assessing the impact of the Israeli factor on Iran-Azerbaijan relations:  Represent Israel’s foreign policy priorities on Azerbaijan,  Assess the position of the Islamic Republic of Iran on Azerbaijan-Israel cooperation and analyze Iran's policy within this context,  Analyze Azerbaijan's motives for strengthening cooperation with Israel. The nuclear program, Iran's missile systems, the Shia factor, the Iranian-speaking peoples of Azerbaijan (Tats, Talish), the activities of Azerbaijani Shia opposition figures, the 760-kilometer border between Azerbaijan and Iran – these are the main factors underlying Israel's policy towards Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan first of all justified the establishment of relations with Israel with the expectation of receiving military-political assistance from Israel in the settlement of the Nagorno Karabakh conflict.

Elena A. Shershneva

Introduction. The article discusses some actual conditions experienced by Muslim clerics of Yenisei Governorate (Eastern Siberia) in the context of Imperial Russia’s religious policies throughout the mid-nineteenth to early twentieth centuries. Attention is drawn to that the mid-to-late nineteenth century witnessed a Muslim population increase across the region, which implied that increased spiritual needs be duly satisfied. Goals. The article aims at specifying the role of official authorities in electing Muslim clerics within Yenisei Governorate. Materials and methods. The study focuses on corresponding imperially approved regulations for Muslim clergy and archival materials housed at the State Archive of Krasnoyarsk Krai, Central State Historical Archive of Bashkortostan, and Russian State Historical Archive. It is noteworthy that quite a number of the archival materials are being newly introduced into scientific circulation. The work rests on the methodological principles of objectivity and historicism that prove instrumental in assessing the government’s role in shaping the institution of Muslim clergy in Yenisei Governorate. To accomplish this, the chronological and historic-genetic methods are used. Results. The region’s sociohistorical agenda made any elections of required clerics somewhat problematic. The imperial statutes banned exiled (relocated) believers from participating in such processes, but sometimes legally capable members of a community were even fewer that the former. The obtained status of a mediator between the mahalla and government agencies would, inter alia, give rise to internal controversies. However, believers tended to perceive their mullah as a defender of their interests even at the government level. Our insights into archival materials attest to governorate-level executives had no clear understanding of how to arrange elections of Muslim clerics. Virtually being a government-sanctioned body, Orenburg Mohammedan Assembly would take pains to guarantee trustworthiness of to be appointed candidates. In the early twentieth century, such applicants would face even more restrictions enshrined by regulations and procedures of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

Ade Pahrudin, Nurfadhilah Bahrul

Some fabricated hadiths spread in an era after the Companions, therefore, the importance of hadith criticism was underestimated. Its provenance, and had a strong influence on the later and contemporary scholars in finding the text criticism, the two researchers identified his interest in the criticism of the text of the hadith and its comparison with the contemporary scholars, Nur al-Din Atar and Salah al-Din bin Ahmed al-Idlibi, aiming to know the criticism of the text with them, and a comparison between their methodologies. The researchers' approach in this research is a comparative study, where the researchers read several books related to this research, taking the opinions of scholars from the advanced and contemporary scholars, and then making a comparison between their approaches.  Among the most important results are criteria for criticizing the text, including the criteria agreed upon: (1) contrary to the Qur’an, (2) contrary to hadith, (3) contrary to reason, sense, or history, and (4) that the text does not resemble the words of the prophecy, and includes risks and weaknesses. And Samajah. And there is no difference between Salah al-Din ibn Ahmad al-Adlbi and Nour al-Din Atar in the criticism of the text except in the easy measures, which are (1) in the methodology of Nour al-Din Atar, he mentioned the rickety, and in the methodology of al-Adlbi he mentioned its addition, which is the slander and the samajah. (2) In the methodology of Nur al-Din Atar, there is a criterion: “to search for the hadith, then there is no finding among its people from the chests of the narrators and the stomachs of the books, after the hadiths have been extrapolated and written down.” However, this criterion is not found with Al-Adlbi. The approach of Nur al-Din Atar There is a measure: collecting hadith by extrapolating the chapters, and this measure does not exist with al-Adlbi. The methodology of criticism of the text according to Nur al-Din Atar and Salah al-Din ibn Ahmad al-Adlabi are all in agreement with the methodology of criticism of the text according to the audience. Keywords: matn hadith, method, criticism of hadith.

بدر لافي رشيد الجابري

هذه دراسة في الأساليب الاستعارية في القصة السعودية القصيرة، تهدف إلى كشف أنساق تلك الأساليب، لا من حيث المفردات بل من حيث السياقات؛ لأن الاستعارة المعاصرة لم تعد كلمة مجازية تحل مكان كلمة حقيقية، إنما هي تصور يدل على تصور آخر ضمن نسق مفهومي؛ من خلال استضافة حقل معرفي لمفردات حقل معرفي آخر، ولا يُدرك الحقل الهدف إلا بإدراك الحقل المصدر، كما أن هذه الدراسة تهدف أيضًا إلى استجلاء طرق توظيف الأساليب الاستعارية لدى نخبة من كُتَّاب القصة السعودية القصيرة، وقد اتبعت الدراسة منهجية الاستقراء والتحليل من خلال جمع الشواهد من عدة نماذج قصصية، كما أنها توصلت إلى مجموعة من النتائج؛ من أبرزها: مواكبة كتّاب القصة السعودية القصيرة للتطور الذي حدث في استخدام الأساليب الاستعارية المعاصرة، ومرونة تلك الأساليب واندماجها مع مختلف الأنظمة السردية.

Andrey A. Lukashev

Introduction. The black-faced are mentioned in different Muslim texts — from the Quran to Sufi poems. One can trace not just diverse but rather opposite interpretations, and researchers have to face certain problems when it comes to analyze some related images. Goals. The study attempts an insight into functioning and semantic features inherent to images of the black-faced in Sufi poetry. Materials and methods. The work analyzes a number of classical Persian and Arabic writings, such as The Walled Garden of Truth by Sanai, and others. The employed research methods include those of textual reconstruction, contextual analysis, and descriptive poetics. Results. The paper shows in medieval Islamic culture the black-skinned were often treated not just as second-class individuals, they were sometimes not even viewed as humans. In the Quran, a black face symbolizes disgrace and infidelity. The blacks in Islamic culture were discriminated twice: by skin color and on religious grounds, since most of them were pagans that actively resisted Islamization. This circumstance served a legal rationale for their enslavement. Thus, for many Arab writers a black was a slave, an uncivilized ungodly pagan. These characteristics one can find both in Arabic and Persian literatures. But in Persian Sufism the image of the black-skinned gets revisited. Their outward blackness is the trace of the black light of the divine selfness rather than just an ugly imperfection. The Divine selfness is dark for it cannot be conceived, and is above all human ideas about it. However, the Divine selfness is the being itself, so every existent thing had received being from this Divine source. In this context, Sanai writes that a black-faced is singed by the black light (or fire) of the Divine selfness, and is thus involved with this being. Besides, Sufis tended to view the low social status of the black as a means of liberation from worldly attachments and social connections, each black-skinned individual be thus believed to have united with the One Divine selfness to annihilate his own self (fana). Conclusions. So, the image of the black-faced performs functions similar to those characteristic of a wide layer of characters from other religions in Sufi literature: just like images of infidels, pagans, Zoroastrians, and Christians — this was reinterpreted by Sufi authors in a positive manner.

Ramyar Majidi

This study performs a comparative analysis between the novel Surname by Aziz Nesin (2021), an important writer in contemporary Turkish literature, and the story Sentenced to Death by Ali Mohammad Afghani (2000), one of the leading writers of contemporary Iranian literature. The study discussed how both authors in their works convey the last moments of a death row prisoner, the change and development of human beings over time, and their thoughts on capital punishment. These two writers have similar approaches to the issue of death and human beings yet dealt with these subjects in two different ways in their works. The two common features of these two works are the cultural information they contain.Capital punishment is a type of punishment given to various crimes and has led to debates in both Iranian and Turkish society over the years. In addition, the status and issues of women in society are mentioned in these two authors’ works, despite not being among the main characters. These works criticize violence against women, women’s rights, and the effect of capital punishment on the family. By comparing the works of Aziz Nesin and Ali Mohammad Afghani as two authors who’ve both written work in the field of social reality in their countries and therefore have paid attention to social issues, this article actually compares the thoughts of a large part of both communities regarding these subjects. After examining the works, the study arrives at a comparative conclusion by including the research that has been written on other works from these authors, as well as their perspectives on life.

Bagdaulet S. Sizdikov, Ali A. Seraliyev

Introduction. In Eurasia’s history and archeology, the issues of origins, inhabited territories, and political history of Sauromato-Sarmatian tribes remain understudied. Archaeological data are supplemented with messages on Sauromato-Sarmatian tribes contained in works of ancient writers, since no written sources have been found in monuments of those tribes proper. Goals. The study aims to analyze historical sources and archaeological data, examine the history of origins of Sauromato-Sarmatian tribes to have inhabited the Southern Uralsin the Iron Age,and focuses on swords from Sauromato-Sarmatian monuments of Western Kazakhstan. Materials. Swords and daggers that constitute the bulk of finds from burials provide valuable information for determining chronologies of burial grounds or certain burials and identifying areas once inhabitedby the nomadic tribes,with regional features of those tribes be duly distinguished. A. Melyukova, K. Smirnov, A. Khazanov, E. Chernenko, A. Simonenko, P. Shulga, V. Kocheev and other researchers have developed a chronological typology for swords and daggers from monuments of nomadic tribes of the Northern Black Sea, the North Caucasus, and other regions. However, Sauromato-Sarmatian weapons from Western Kazakhstan have remained unstudied without any chronological typology developed. So, the work employs experiences of the above-mentioned researchers and systematizes the available and newlyobtained data to develop a typological classification and chronology of swords from Sauromato-Sarmatian burial grounds excavated in the territory of Western Kazakhstan. Results. The paper notes that the Sauromato-Sarmatians descend from Bronze Age populations to have created the Andronovo and Srubnaya cultures, and had a close relationship with the Saka tribes. It is deemed that Sarmatian tribes were formed on the basis of Sauromatians, i.e. those had had common roots. Furthermore, insights into archaeological data conclude the tribes had lived in the territory of Western Kazakhstan, yield a typological classification of swords discovered in mounds across the region, and result in a scientific analysis. The work attempts a statistical analysis of swords and daggers from Sauromato-Sarmatian mounds of Western Kazakhstan, provides scientific conclusions as to predominant types of weapons and manufacturing technologies. The article also highlights some specific features of sword types identified, areas of distribution, and performs a comparative analysis.

Omid Jahan Bakht Laili, SHAHRAM DELSHAD

Abu Hamed al-Gharnati has written two travelogues in the field of Arabic travel writing, entitled "The Delicate of Hearts and Elite Admiration" and "Expressed some of the Morocco’s wonders". A unique feature of both travelogues is their wonder-taking, meaning that the travel writer seeks to narrate amazing events and to focus on scenes that surprise us. For this reason, he uses the word "wonders" in the title of his travelogue. This approach of the author delays the reader and makes them consider them superstitious stories that have no real context. Ghranati, who is fascinated by the remarkable observations, realizes this and uses various mechanisms to reassure the reader and create a real world for him while dealing with strange stories. The present study intends to use the descriptive-analytical method to examine the mechanisms of building trust, their tools and goals in the travelogue of "The Delicate of Hearts". Findings indicate that these methods of building trust, along with related tools, are reflected in various ways in this travelogue, such as: A: Transmission of visual and audio content. B: Taking care in inserting their sources and narrations. C: Creating a logical atmosphere in the process of narration and anecdote. It is worth noting that in this book, there are also news and anecdotes that the author has not presented with a reliable structure and ,therefore, lack trust-building tools. The reason for this seems to be that the author seeks to gradually gain the reader's confidence in his method of citation by providing reassuring patterns. Of course, this phenomenon is faint and the distinctive style in the Gharnati’s narrative method is the use of trust building approach.

Nuriyatul Hidayah, Nur Anisah Ridwan, Hanik Mahliatussikah et al.

Indonesia is a country that is familiar and closely related to Arabic. Therefore, learning this language becomes an important thing. This research was aimed to explain the development process and the validity level of Application of Arabic-Indonesian Expression Dictionary for Deaf (Akuarintar) as a media in Arabic teaching and learning for students at SMALB YPTB Malang. This research and development method used the ADDIE model which included Assessment/Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The results of the validity test were the language validation test showed the proportion of 83%. The results of material validation were 89%, while the results of media design validation were 87%, and the results of teacher validation were 87%. The results of the Wilcoxon Rank Tests analysis obtained a significance value of p = 0.001 and z = -3.453, which means that the students score of Arabic learning significantly increased after using the Akuarintar application. So, it can be concluded that Akuarintar is very suitable as a media for teaching and learning Arabic for the deaf.

Mochammad Firdaus

This study was started with disclosure of issues faced by Indonesian students in Khartoum International Institute of Arabic Language. The main objective of this research revealed the ta’bir problem afflicting Indonesian students in learning classical Arabic, identifying the causes and knowing the impact of these problems in educational situations. To achieve the objective of this study, the method used by the researcher is descriptive analytical method. The results of this research are:  1) The ways which Indonesian students learned Arabic language in their institution have become instruments in improving Arabic language, 2) The impacts of the Indonesian dialects made difficulties for students in forming the Arabic dialect, 3) Environment in which treated the students outside the University affecting their ability in speaking classical Arabic, and 4) Weakness in disclosure affected students’ academic achievement. Then the researcher suggested solutions to solve those problems such as: 1) To help the students to develop their process in traditional Arabic, it is needed to the students to take the benefits from any means, as teacher teaches them by reading newspaper, magazine and scientific journal which gave them increase the outcome of their linguistics ability, 2) The commitment from the lectures of all subjects to speak in well-structured Arabic and avoid using slank is needed.

Tri Qurnati, Salma Hayati, Abidah Abidah

الكتابة هي وسيلة من وسائل الاتصال وهي وسيلة للتعبير عما يدور في النفس والخاطر. وهي مجال لاكتشاف مواهب المتعلمين من الناحية الأدبية ووسيلة من وسائل التقويم عن طريق الاختبارات التحريرية. وكان الإنشاء قسما من أقسام تعليم مهارة الكتابة التي تدل علي إنتاج نص مكتوب. ويُطبّق تعليم الإنشاء في كل مستوى الدراسي وكذالك في المدرسة الابتدائية. وعرفت الباحثة أن تعليم الإنشاء لم يطبق في كل المدرسة الابتدائية ولكن بعض منها. وتهدف الباحثة في كتابة هذه الرسالة : التعرف على كيفية عملية تعليم الإنشاء الموجّه والتعرف على تطور تعليم الإنشاء الموجّه للصف الخامس بالمدرسة الابتدائية الإسلامية الحكومية 20 Aceh Besar والتعرف على سيطرة التلاميذ على الإنشاء الموجّه عند الصف الخامس فيها. ومنهج البحث الذي تعتمد عليه الباحثة لكتابة هذه الرسالة هو Mix Method أو منهج وصفي تحليلي كيفيا وكميا. وأما العينة لهذا البحث فاختارت الباحثة مدرسة اللغة العربية والتلاميذ الذين يتعلمون اللغة العربية في الصف الخامس بالمدرسة الابتدائية الإسلامية الحكومية 20 Aceh Besar بفصل الخامس الأول, وعددهم 43 تلميذا. وأما نتيجة البحث من هذه الرسالة فهي أن عملية التعليم الإنشاء الموجه بالمنهج الحديث تكون فعالا لترقية قدرة التلاميذ على فهم القواعد النحوية. وتستخدم المدرسة في المنهج الحديث الطرق المتنوعة. وتتطور قدرتها في التعليم من ناحية التخطيط التعليم, وسيلة التعليمية, والطرق المستخدمة. وقد بينت نتيجة اختبار التحصيل بأن الدرجة المعتدلة للتلميذات 79,2. وتكون الدرجة المعتدلة للتلاميذ 74,3. استعراضا بنتيجة المحددة المقررة التي قررتها الباحثة هي 75, وبهذه النتيجة أنههما وقع بين حد 60-79 بمعنى جيد جدا.

Dian Ekawati, Dian Ekawati

Classroom management means the effort to plan, organize, direct, coordinate, and control the learning groups undertaken by the teacher in search of learning objectives. The activity of the classroom management is aimed to create a stable and comfortable classroom atmosphere and condition so that teaching and learning activity can run effectively and effciently. The purpose of classroom management is to create good clasroom situations and conditions, eliminate barriers in teaching and learning activities, provide learning activities, foster and guide learners asper their social, economic, and cultural background. The approach of classroom management is the power approach, the teaching approach, the grup work approach, the electronics approach and pluralistic approach.  The techniques  of classroom management are approaching techniques, humor and appeals for student  with problems.

Ahmad Taufiq

Language is basically speech, but writing is an attempt to represent speech. It is proven that man knows speech before writing long time ago. Writing emerged in a later period of human history. The child learns to speak before he can learn to write, which he begins to learn when he enters school. All good people speak their mother tongues fluently and there are many people do not know how to write in their own languages. There are some languages still spoken in unwritten way. Cooperative learning is not where students who work together to achieve their goals unless they cooperate with each other. The mere distribution of students to groups and informing them to work together does not fall under the name of cooperative learning, even if these are the most important features and main features, there is a wide difference between the distribution of students on groups to work, and the consolidation of the concept of cooperation and rooted in the minds of students with special needs.

Buhori Muslim, Syarifuddin Hasyim

Pendidikan Tinggi diharapkan mampu meningkatkan daya saing bangsa Indonesia dalam menghadapi globalisasi di segala bidang, dan mampu mengembangkan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi serta menghasilkan intelektual dan ilmuwan yang profesional, berbudaya, kreatif dan berkarakter tangguh, serta berani membela kebenaran untuk kepentingan bangsa. Untuk itu pendidikan tinggi harus dapat secara terencana mewujudkan suasana akademik pada proses pembelajaran yang berkualitas agar mahasiswa aktif mengembangkan potensi dirinya untuk memiliki kekuatan spiritual keagamaan, pengendalian diri, kepribadian, kecerdasan, akhlak mulia, serta keterampilan yang diperlukan dirinya, masyarakat, bangsa, dan negara. Salah satu usaha yang dilakukan membangun budaya pendidikan di perguruan tinggi adalah dengan melakukan pengembangan kurikulum secara total yang lebih memfokuskan pada skill dan inovasi berpikir. Realisasi dari konsep tersebut adalah pada penyusunan kurikulum pendidikan yang mengacu pada Kerangka Kualifikasi Nasional Indonesia (KKNI) sebagai implementasi dari UU No. 12 tahun 2012 tentang Standar Nasional Pendidikan Tinggi dan Peraturan Presiden No. 8 tahun 2012 tentang Kerangka Kualifikasi Nasional Indonesia. Menindaklanjuti regulasi tersebut, program studi Pendidikan Bahasa Arab Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Keguruan UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh melakukan pengembangan kurikulum pendidikan dengan menyusun profil lulusannya sebagai guru bahasa Arab, penerjemah Arab-Indonesia dan Indonesia Arab dan peneliti pemula bidang pendidikan bahasa Arab. Ketiga profil ini memiliki capaian atau karakteristik kompetensi bidang sikap, pengetahuan dan keterampilan umum dan keterampilan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dunia kerja dan industri.

Adyan Gennadyevich Kukeev, Bemb Aleksandrovich Shantaev

The article is devoted to the history of creation of the Buddhist ritual monuments "stupa" by Karma- Kagyu masters in the Republic of Kalmykia.