Szczepan Figiel, Zbigniew Floriańczyk, Barbara Wieliczko
Economic growth and societal well-being are highly dependent on the availability and efficient use of energy resources. This process evolves over time, along with changing developmental challenges, leading to an alteration of the world energy mix. The role of renewable energy sources in addressing these challenges has been widely recognized, but mostly from the ecological and climate change perspectives. Not enough focus has been paid to economic growth effects, such as potential job creation and income increases related to this process, often taking place in rural areas due to the availability of space and raw materials. In this context, the first objective of this study is to analyze the complementarity and substitution effects of investments in renewables and their connectedness with global economic growth. The second is to discuss the importance of effective strategic planning in supporting the growth of rural areas by promoting the production of renewable energy, based on selected international examples, including the EU Vision for Agriculture and Food recently presented by the European Commission. Using various data sources and employing basic statistical tools, we found that investing in renewable energy contributes to global economic growth. We also show how different countries view the indispensable role of rural areas in this process differently in their strategic policy documents.
The aim of the article is to carry out a bibliographic analysis of articles related to the use of IT in economic education, in order to characterise the future landscape of scientific and pedagogical research. The material for the analysis were publications from the scientometric database Web of Science from 2020 to 26 March 2024. Only open access publications were taken into account. The VOSviewer application was used to qualitatively characterise the publication's landscape using keyword sets. The search was conducted among publications from 2020 using the words "information technology" and "economic education" in the "Keywords" and "Abstract" fields according to the search formula "information technology AND economic education". In terms of quantitative indicators, there is reason to believe that with the development of the IT industry and, importantly, with the emergence of artificial intelligence and the development of machine learning, the number of qualitative studies in economic education is growing. The subject of such research is the modernisation of economic disciplines, the introduction of active learning methods, and the spread of digital platforms that improve the training of economists. A qualitative analysis of the keywords that form the three main clusters of research reveals three trends: (1) the trend of integrative influence of IT development on the development of educational institutions, introduction of innovative models in economic education and its management; (2) the trend of development of personal qualities under the influence of economic education with the use of information technologies; (3) the trend of integration of economic education into socio-economic processes and its impact on human resources and their development. These areas are interconnected and therefore considered promising for the future: research related to the various impacts of the digital economy on the development of universities and their digital administration (digital university, provision of educational services anywhere in the world; development of digital learning environments and pedagogical design, and so forth); research related to the development of learning technologies under the influence of Internet technologies (immersive, gaming technologies, simulations, use of virtual and augmented reality), development of individual qualities of specialists in the field of economics (development of relevant skills – critical and creative thinking, digital communication skills, lifelong learning); research that reveals the peculiarities of organising education in the face of constraints and characterises the causes of digital divide; study of economic processes that determine the links between economic growth, economic education, the introduction of Industry 4.0 and the spread of artificial intelligence in all areas of the national economy.
This paper aims to identify the differences in the employment rate dynamics in economy sections, considering gender, in the European Union countries in 2020, compared to the 2008–2019 period. Two methods were used. The first method compares forecasts from models describing employment changes in the pre-pandemic periods with information concerning the actual employment rate in 2020, using three indices measuring the significance of the observed discrepancies. The second method uses dynamic cluster analysis for the 2008–2020 period, and evaluates the changes in composition of groups that occured in 2020. The proposed methods were applied separately to the data concerning the employment of females and males (employment rates) in the EU countries, always divided into economy sections and section groups (A, B-E, F, G-I, J, K, L, M and N, O-Q, R). The application of the “Triple 2 Rule” helped to identify the changes in the previous employment trends (“Interventions”). The evaluation of changes in the dynamics of the employment rate in total and in section groups and according to gender in the EU countries in 2020 – compared to the forecasts from the 2013–2019 trends – revealed that the EU labour market responded differently to the COVID-19 pandemic situation.
First published online 14 March 2024
The aim of this article is s to show that contrary to the common parlance and to the widespread belief that treats small business as “the backbone of the economy”, in the sense of being the prime motor of wealth and prosperity, therefore the underlying logic is what is good for small business will also help government achieves overall economic policy goals, the prevailing dominant idea that formulates and drives the Greek economic policy is quite the opposite. Based on textual analysis, from Greece’s Structural Adjustment Programs, to the various assessment reports, till the latest “Development Plan for the Greek Economy”, we attempt to reveal that the prevailing idea that penetrates the abovementioned texts is that “small is not beautiful”. Specifically, after indicating a policy paradox regarding the limited financial support that Greek small businesses received or expected to receive despite their vital importance to the Greek economy, we expose the “structural impediment” idea. According to the latter the existence of a large share of small business in the Greek economy is being considered as a structural impediment for economic growth and prosperity. The implication is a policy dictum that favours a form of an evolutionary natural selection process, whereby only those establishments successful enough to grow will be able to survive, thus the vast bulk of the remaining small firms will exit the market.
This study examines the direct and indirect impacts of foreign direct investment, exports, and imports on Indonesia's long-term and short-term economic growth. To this end, we used quarterly data for 2005.1–2021.4 sourced from Statistics Indonesia, the Bank of Indonesia, and the Bank of St. Louis. The analytical tools employed were the autoregressive model of the lag distribution (ARDL) and the error correction model (ECM-ARDL). Findings showed that foreign direct investment, exports, and imports directly affected Indonesia's economic growth. However, while the two formers had an impact only in the short run, the latter also did so in the long run. In addition, foreign direct investment also indirectly influenced economic growth through exports in the short and long run, whereas this was not the case with imports. Based on these findings, we argue for policy recommendations. To begin with, the government should encourage foreign direct investment, which may gradually replace imported raw materials with local raw resources, thereby creating an upstream connection while slowing the rate of imports. Furthermore, the government needs to adopt a policy of downstream processing of primary commodities into industrial commodities to increase export value and expand employment opportunities.
Vanessa de Campos Junges, Simone Alves Pacheco de Campos
Este estudo teve como objetivo compreender como associações de reciclagem manifestam aspectos de ação coletiva e geram contribuições sociais. Para tanto, foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa qualitativa de viés descritivo, na qual foi realizado um estudo de caso coletivo em duas associações de reciclagem. As fontes de evidências basearam-se em entrevistas, observações e documentos, os quais foram tratados com base na análise de conteúdo. Os principais achados revelam que tanto a Reciclarte quanto a Reciclamais demonstram partir do associativismo, ainda que apresentem dificuldades sob o aspecto da divisão de recursos e entrada de novos integrantes, o que se justifica pela vulnerabilidade em que se encontram. Contudo, isso não deixa de demonstrar que não são empreendimentos que partem puramente do associativismo. Assim, as associações podem se concretizar enquanto ações coletivas, partindo inicialmente da realização das características do associativismo, além de refletirem ações recíprocas, solidárias e cooperativas, que geram resultados promissores. Logo, com essa base é possível que se consiga contribuir significativamente com equidade, justiça social e emancipação dos indivíduos.
Economic growth, development, planning, Social sciences (General)
In parallel with the development of Mercantilism during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, there appeared in Salamanca and Hispanic America a school of thought formed by Catholic priests who sought to understand how the Thomistic principles of just price and commutative justice applied to in an economy characterized by trade at an international scale. Two early contributions to economic theory appear: the autonomy of economics with respect to authority and a perspective of a country's prosperity based on the well-being of its inhabitants seen as consumers. This “alternative discourse" is recovered in the twentieth century as an anticipation of the principles of Marginalism.
Economic growth, development, planning, Economic history and conditions
A tanulmány célja a községi népességszám változásának elemzése a rendszerváltozástól 2016-ig terjedő időszakban. A kutatás céljának megvalósításához új települési szintű adatbázisba rendeztük a KSH és a TEIR adatait. Az elemzés a községi népesség abszolút számának alakulását, valamint a változatlan közigazgatási besorolású községek adatait is magában foglalja, valamint röviden bemutatja a városi státuszt elnyerő települések népességének változását is. Tanulmányunk a települések, és ezek közül a falvak népességváltozásának hosszú időtartamú trendjeiről szól, és bemutatja az 1995 és 2016 között mindvégig községi státuszú települések vándorlási és demográfiai folyamatait, a népességdinamikai változásokat, a települések fejlettségi dimenzióinak és a népességszám változásának összefüggéseit. A tanulmány alapjául szolgáló elemzések rámutatnak az abszolút községi népességszám nagymértékű csökkenésére, ugyanakkor a községi besorolású települések népességének nagyfokú stabilitására is. Tanulmányunk elemzi a népesség szerinti faluosztályok között végbemenő erőteljes vándorlási folyamatokat, valamint a vándorlás hátterében álló legfontosabb motiváló erőket is. A falvak legnagyobb népességvesztése a 152 várossá nyilvánítás következménye. A folyamatosan községi besorolású falvak népességének a csökkenése csak három százalék körüli, ugyanakkor a „község” kategóriához tartozó települések között jelentős vándorlás történt. A kisfalvak lakossága gyorsuló ütemben csökken, a nagyobb falvakba vándorol, és ez a folyamat mind a nagyobb községek, mind az aprófalvak társadalmának szerkezetét és életesélyeit átalakítja.
History (General) and history of Europe, Economic history and conditions
Se estiman modelos en forma reducida, con los beneficios como función de variables observables, para analizar los determinantes de la entrada de supermercados. Se encuentra que entre más concentrado este un mercado, medido con base en cadenas, es menos factible observar entrada al mismo. Adicionalmente, al controlar por concentración de mercado y analizar el impacto especifico por cadena se observa que un mayor número de tiendas Walmart incrementa la probabilidad de que haya cero o una tienda en el mercado relevante y disminuye la factibilidad de que haya dos o más tiendas. Para las demás cadenas se observa el resultado contrario
Economic growth, development, planning, Economic history and conditions
Nepal is undergoing two momentous transformations-from a rural to an urbanizing economy and from a unitary to a federal state. This book aims at understanding the first of these two transitions: Nepal's journey toward becoming a predominantly urban economy. The study carries out an initial assessment of Nepal's transition from a predominantly rural to an urbanizing economy. This assessment aims at strengthening our understanding of the demographic and economic dimensions of the transition, and exploring the links between urbanization and economic growth in the context of Nepal. This book has five chapters. Chapter one presents an overview of the urban and economic transition in Nepal. Chapter two discusses the spatial patterns of Nepal's rapid urbanization and internal migration-a driving force of urban change from both a demographic and an economic perspective. Chapter three presents an initial assessment of the challenges facing Nepal's cities in urban planning and the delivery of infrastructure and services. And it discusses the spatial distribution of public expenditure for local infrastructure based on the results of a public expenditure survey carried out as part of the study. Chapter four presents a scoping assessment of the growth drivers of Nepal's urban economies and the main constraints to turning these comparative advantages into competitive advantages. And chapter five draws the main conclusions and proposes strategic directions and actions to accelerate urban-based economic growth and foster sustainable urban development.
Abstract Environmental assessment and pollution protection are important concerns in modern business and policy. Consumers are interested in corporate efforts on not only their products but also environmental protections and pollution preventions. To attain a high level of sustainability (i.e., economic success and pollution prevention), all entities in private and public sectors need to pay attention to green technology innovation. This study considers that eco-technology innovation can combat the global warming and climate change, which the world is now facing as a major policy issue, along with its related business and policy supports. It is clear that any engineering and science efforts cannot attain any policy goal on the climate change without supports from social science perspectives, including business and economics. An important concern discussed in this study is how to identify an effective decision on eco-technology innovation and its influence on sustainability. To discuss the global issue at the world level, this study is first interested in measuring the performance of their operational and environmental achievements and then pays attention to Damages to Return (DTR). The economic concept indicates a level of change of undesirable outputs (e.g., CO2) by increasing one unit of a desirable output (e.g., oil production). To assess the magnitude of DTR, this study proposes a use of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The proposed DEA assessment theoretically provides corporate leaders and policy makers with information regarding how to invest in eco-technology innovation for abatement of undesirable outputs, so enhancing the level of corporate or social sustainability.
Economic growth, development, planning, Economics as a science