Muskellunge (<i>Esox masquinongy</i>) are a recreationally and ecologically important apex predator found throughout North America. In West Virginia, the genetic structuring and diversity of native muskellunge is poorly understood. The supplementary stocking of non-native muskellunge has further complicated the issue, as the introgression of non-native alleles and prevalence of non-native muskellunge post stocking remains unclear as well. Using ddRAD sequencing, several datasets were generated to investigate the population structure and genomic diversity of muskellunge in West Virginia. Populations stocked with New York-strain muskellunge exhibited significant introgression, with genetic composition diverging from unstocked native West Virginia populations. However, one population showed greater genetic similarity to native and unstocked populations despite New York-strain prevalence, suggesting resilience against genetic alteration. Fixed SNPs between the New York and West Virginia strains were identified that can be used for broodstock screening and the enhancement of native populations. A genetically distinct population was identified in the Little Kanawha River system, with this population having the highest levels of genomic diversity among native populations as well as a high number of private alleles. However, elevated inbreeding coefficients highlight potential conservation concerns for this unique population. This study establishes a genomic baseline for muskellunge in West Virginia and underscores the importance of preserving native genomic diversity while balancing the demands of recreational fishing programs.
Background Vilobelimab, a first in class C5a-specific monoclonal antibody, improved 28-day and 60-day mortality in intubated COVID-19 patients in PANAMO, a phase 3 randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicentre study. All-cause mortality was pre-specified to be analysed pooling by region (western Europe, South America, South Africa/Russia).Methods Critically ill, invasively mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients were randomised in a 1:1 ratio within 48 hours of intubation to receive vilobelimab treatment (six, 800 mg intravenous infusions) or placebo on top of standard of care. We analysed the efficacy and safety of vilobelimab based on prespecified geographic regions.Results 368 patients were randomised and analysed: 177 in the vilobelimab group and 191 in the placebo group. In western Europe (n=209), 28-day all-cause mortality was significantly lower in the vilobelimab group (21%) compared with placebo (37%) (HR 0.51 (95% CI: 0.30, 0.87), p=0.014). In South America (n=126), mortality was similar between groups (40% vs 37%; HR 0.94 (95% CI: 0.53, 1.67), p=0.83). In South Africa/Russia (n=33), mortality was 69% in the vilobelimab group and 87% in the placebo group (HR 0.62 (95% CI: 0.28, 1.38), p=0.25). Within the Brazilian subpopulation (n=74), a significant age imbalance between the vilobelimab and placebo group was detected (median 53.5 years in the vilobelimab group vs 44.5 years in the placebo group). Occurrence of treatment-emergent adverse events between regions was similar.Conclusion The most apparent 28-day all-cause mortality benefit for vilobelimab was in western Europe. Age imbalance between treatment groups in Brazil may have resulted in a lower efficacy signal for vilobelimab in South America compared with other regions. Overall, vilobelimab demonstrated a favourable safety profile and reduced mortality in critically ill, intubated COVID-19 patients, with regional variations influencing outcomes.
EFSA Panel on Plant Health (PLH), Claude Bragard, Paula Baptista
et al.
Abstract The EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of Bailey's rust mite, Calepitrimerus baileyi Keifer (Acariformes: Eriophyidae), following the commodity risk assessment of Malus domestica plants from Türkiye performed by EFSA, in which C. baileyi was identified as a pest of possible concern to the European Union. This mite is not listed in Annex II of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2072. The eriophyid is known to occur in Africa, America, Asia, Europe (Greece and Serbia) and Oceania on Malus spp., which is the only confirmed host genus for C. baileyi. Plants for planting of Malus spp. are the main potential pathway for entry into the EU. However, plants for planting of the genus Malus Mill. are considered as high‐risk plants (EU 2018/2019) and therefore prohibited from entering the EU unless granted a country‐specific derogation. This is the case for the import of Malus spp. plants for planting from Serbia ((EU) 2020/1361 corrected by 2022/1309). Therefore, this derogation could provide a plausible entry pathway for C. baileyi into the EU. Climatic conditions and the ample availability of the host, Malus spp., in the EU are conducive for establishment, as proven by the occurrence of C. baileyi in Greece. However, the species is not reported as having an impact in Greece, despite reports of damage outside the EU. Measures to prevent further entry and spread of C. baileyi in the EU are available. C. baileyi satisfies all the criteria that are within the remit of EFSA to assess for it to be regarded as a potential Union quarantine pest. However, uncertainties about the distribution of C. baileyi within the EU and its impact on apples in the EU are considered key and affect the confidence of conclusions for this categorisation.
Nutrition. Foods and food supply, Chemical technology
In the Earth system models (ESMs) participating in the Coupled Models Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6), the tropical low-cloud feedback is 50% more positive than its predecessors (CMIP5) and continues to dominate the spread in simulated climate sensitivity. In the context of recent studies reporting larger feedbacks for stratocumulus (Sc) than shallow cumulus (Cu) clouds, it appears crucial to faithfully represent the geographical extent of each cloud type to simulate realistic low-cloud feedbacks. Here we use a novel observation-based method to distinguish Sc and Cu clouds together with satellite data from Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) and Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) to evaluate Sc and Cu cloud fractions, cloud radiative effects and cloud feedbacks in the two latest generations of CMIP ESMs. Overall, the CMIP6 models perform better than the CMIP5 models in most aspects considered here, indicating progress. Yet the ensemble mean continues to underestimate the marine tropical low-cloud fraction, mostly attributable to Sc. Decomposition of the bias reveals that the Sc-regime cloud fraction is better represented in CMIP6, although Sc regimes occur too infrequently—even less frequently than in CMIP5. Building on our Sc and Cu discrimination method, we demonstrate that CMIP6 models also simulate more realistic low-cloud feedbacks than CMIP5 models, especially the Sc component. Finally, our results suggest that part of the CMIP6 low-cloud feedback increase can be traced back to greater cloud fraction in Sc-dominated regions.
En este trabajo se analizarán la Carta de Jamaica de Simón Bolívar; Nuestra América de José Martí; El problema de las razas en América Latina, la unidad de la América indoespañola, Punto de vista antimperialista, ¿Existe un pensamiento hispanoamericano? de José Carlos Mariátegui; La raza cósmica de José Vasconcelos; Casa grande y Senzela de Gilberto Freyre; Contrapunteo cubano del tabaco y el azúcar de Fernando Ortiz; Las Américas y la Civilización de Darcy Ribeiro; Nuestra América y el Occidente de Roberto Fernández Retamar; y Las Venas Abiertas de América Latina de Eduardo Galeano, con la intención de identificar los encuentros y desencuentros en los planteamientos de estos autores latinoamericanistas.
Social history and conditions. Social problems. Social reform, Social sciences (General)
Kovtonyuk Nataliya, Han Irina, Gatilova Evgeniya
et al.
Two herbarium collections (NS and NSK) of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS keep about 740,000 specimens of vascular plants, collected in Siberia, Russian Far East, Europe, Asia and North America. Genus Allium s. lat. Is presented by 6224 herbarium sheets, all of them were scanned using international standards: at a resolution of 600 dpi, the barcode for each specimen, 24-color scale and scale bar. Images and metadata are stored at the CSBG SB RAS Digital Herbarium, generated by ScanWizard Botany and MiVapp Botany software (Microtek, Taiwan). Datasets were published via IPT at the Global Biodiversity Information Facility portal (gbif.org). In total 207 species of the genus Allium are placed in the CSBS Digital Herbarium, which includes representatives from 13 subgenera and 49 sections of the genus. 35 type specimens of 18 species and subspecies of the genus Allium are hosted in CSBG Herbarium collections.
This paper aims to understand how heritage is the result of a simultaneous game of memory and oblivion, which carries with it visions of a hierarchical society. For this purpose, the most important heritage sites of Santa Marta, the most ancient city of South America, are analysed. In this city, it’s possible to appreciate the heritage framework that involves the commemoration of two temporalities: Spanish colonialism of XVI century, and republican endocolonialism in the XIX century. In the paper it is analysed how these two historical segments have imposed a sense of identity.
French literature - Italian literature - Spanish literature - Portuguese literature, Social sciences (General)
This essay reviews the following works: The Lima Reader: History, Culture, Politics. Edited by Carlos Aguirre and Charles Walker. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2017, Pp. xv + 272. $26.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780822363484. Perú. 5 tomos. America Latina en la historia contemporánea. Dirigido por Carlos Contreras Carranza. Madrid: Fundación MAPFRE, 2013–2015. Tomo 1, Crisis imperial e independencia, 1808–1830. Coordinado por Scarlett O’Phelan Godoy. Madrid: MAPFRE, 2013. Pp. 11–336. ISBN: 9788430607884. Tomo 2, La construcción nacional, 1830–1880. Coordinado por Carlos Contreras Carranza. Madrid: MAPFRE, 2014. Pp. 2–360. ISBN: 9788439607884. Tomo 3, La apertura al mundo, 1880–1930. Coordinado por Oscar Gonzales. Madrid: MAPFRE, 2015. Pp. 11–304. ISBN: 9788430607884. Tomo 4, Mirando hacia dentro, 1839–1960. Coordinado por Marcos Cueto. Madrid: MAPFRE, 2015. Pp. 13–312. ISBN: 9788430607884. Tomo 5, La búsqueda de la democracia, 1960–2010. Coordinado por Antonio Zapata. Madrid: MAPFRE, 2015. Pp. 13–367. ISBN: 9788430607884.
Suely Aparecida Kfouri, José Eluf Neto, Sérgio Koifman
et al.
RESUMO: Objetivo: Estimar a fração de câncer de cabeça e pescoço (CCP) atribuível ao tabaco e ao álcool em cidades das regiões Centro-Oeste, Sudeste E Sul do Brasil. Métodos: Estudo caso-controle com 1.594 casos de CCP e 1.292 controles hospitalares. A associação de CCP com tabaco e álcool foi estimada pela odds ratio e intervalos de confiança de 95% via regressão logística não condicional, ajustada por idade, sexo, escolaridade, consumo de frutas e legumes, consumo de bebidas alcoólicas (para examinar o efeito do tabaco) e tabagismo (para examinar o efeito do álcool). As proporções de CCP atribuíveis ao tabaco e ao álcool foram estimadas pelo cálculo da fração atribuível (FA). Foram realizadas estimativas separadas para Goiânia (Centro-Oeste), Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo (Sudeste) e Pelotas e Porto Alegre (Sul). Resultados: A fração de CCP atribuível ao tabagismo foi discretamente mais elevada em Goiânia (FA = 90%) em comparação às cidades do Sudeste (FA = 87%) e do Sul (FA = 86%). A fração de CCP atribuível ao consumo de bebidas alcoólicas apresentou resultados similares e mais altos nas cidades do Sudeste (FA = 78%) e Sul (FA = 77%) em comparação a Goiânia (FA = 62%). Conclusão: As frações de CCP atribuíveis ao tabagismo foram mais expressivas do que para o consumo de álcool. Embora com discretas distinções entre si, as FA para tabaco e álcool observadas nas cidades das três regiões brasileiras foram semelhantes às obtidas em estudos em outras regiões da América Latina, porém, mais altas que em outras partes do mundo.
Este artigo discute a tradição e a circulação dos pasquins, libelos e panfletos no contexto luso-brasileiro, entre os séculos XVII e XVIII , focalizando o papel que desempenharam na cultura política do período. Forma de expressão privilegiada das crenças e valores políticos, esses manuscritos integraram o amplo repertório das ações políticas em curso no mundo ibérico, ocupando um lugar de destaque nas revoltas e sublevações. Originárias de uma tradição medieval, tais manifestações combinavam elementos das culturas popular e erudita, explorando o humor e a paródia como recursos estilísticos mais comuns. Apresentando-se geralmente como portadores da chamada "voz comum", eles são fontes valiosas para o estudo das ideias e práticas políticas da época moderna.
Palavras-chave: manuscrito; cultura; época moderna.
El presente texto pretende ubicar coordenadas contemporáneas de discusión en torno a la obra de Frantz Fanon. Partiendo de la identificación de dos momentos diferenciados, que convocan a discutir temáticas diferenciadas, se establecen los principales puntos de apoyo para construir una “fenomenología de lo colonial”. Ello implica un proceso de acercamiento a las fenomenologías recurrentes en el pensamiento occidental. Posteriormente se procede a trazar líneas de demarcación con ellas, a partir del elemento colonial, presente de manera clara en la obra de Fanon,Piel negra, máscaras blancas.
O texto pretende debater o problema da investigação do historiador a partir dos arquivos particulares, trabalhar as dificuldades da reconstrução de trajetos políticos dos exilados nos países de acolhimento e analisar os caminhos a percorrer pelo historiador na sua pesquisa a respeito das redes de contacto dos exilados. Tomaremos por base a pesquisa realizada sobre os exilados portugueses republicanos em Espanha e no Brasil
Abstract
Files and reconstruction of life histories: the dimension transnational and transcultural the exiles
This paper intends to debate the historian´s problems regarding private archives and exiles. It deals with the difficulties of reconstructing the political roots of the exiles in their host countries and analyses the ways the historian must work in order to reconstruct the networks among the exiles. The article is based on research about the Portuguese Republican exiles in Spain and Brazil.
Latin America. Spanish America, Social sciences (General)
Una versión ecuatoriana de la novela "La guerra de los mundos" de H. G. Wells, en audición radiofónica de Radio Quito, en 1949, inauguró formalmente en el Ecuador la historia de las histerias colectivas. En este breve texto, el autor hace una reflexión sobre este fenómeno de masas.
En América Latina se ha investigado muy poco sobre los sistemas o redes de comunicación interpersonal. En la presente investigación del Experto argentino Juan Ricardo Braun, se analiza la importancia que esos sistemas tienen en la difusión de innovaciones en la región. Esta investigación se ha centrado en Acción Cultural Popular -ACPO- que es una agencia colombiana de cambio que, entre otras acciones, trata de difundir innovaciones agropecuarias y de control de la natalidad utilizando medios interpersonales de comunicación.
This works deals with the analysis of the different ways by which composite States like Italy or United States of America have tackled the ruling of the judicial branch. Previously, and with the purpose of a better understanding of the principal topic, several questions related to the Judiciary in those countries are concisely studied, stressing the structure and organization of their different courts. Finally, a brief evaluation of the systems is carried out in the light of the judicial independence as a basic principle for their functioning and regulation of all judiciary bodies, and specially their ruling institutions.
Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence
Jorge Larraín es posiblemente el más original y prolífico de los sociólogos chilenos de la actualidad. La variedad de temas en los que Larraín se mueve con soltura –historia de las ideas, marxismo, teorías de la ideología, teorías del desarrollo, sociología de la cultura, teorías de la identidad e historia de la modernidad en América Latina–, abordados en una obra que ya tiene cerca de 100 artículos y 10 libros, hacen de él un caso excepcional no sólo en relación con el medio académico nacional. En el caso de la obra que ahora nos convoca, el autor vuelve sobre lo que es posiblemente su pasión de toda la vida –el problema de la ideología– y coloca a disposición de sus lectores de habla hispana una nueva versión de su reconstrucción de la noción de ideología en Marx, que se encuentra disponible en varios de sus clásicos trabajos en inglés sobre el tema: The Concept of Ideology (1979), Marxism and Ideology (1983) y A Reconstruction of Historical Materialism (1986).