Hasil untuk "Urban renewal. Urban redevelopment"

الهام کشتکار, جمال الدین سهیلی, شیدا خوانساری

باغ ترکیبی از جماد و نبات است؛ پس اثری زنده و نمایانگر فرهنگ هر قوم و شرایط اقلیمی زادگاهش است. باغ ایرانی در طول عمر تجربی‌ا‌ش تمام ویژگی‌های یک پدیده را داراست‌: دگرگونی می‌پذیرد؛ تحول می‌پذیرد؛ از درون خود تجربه می‌زاید؛ و جز اینها بر محیط و محیط جامع انسانی اثرگذاری می‌کند. باغ ایرانی به‌عنوان یکی از مظاهر باغسازی جهان در عین داشتن الگویی مشخص، دارای تنوع بسیاری در اجزای خود است. این تنوع با سادگی فرم و الگوی باغ ایرانی، سبب بروز مفاهیم پیچیده و عملکردهای متفاوتی شده است. از سوی دیگر اشرافیت از مهمترین مفاهیم و شاخصه‌های معماری ایرانی- اسلامی همواره مورد توجه محققان و طراحان بوده است. موضوع نهی اشرافیت بر مصون ماندن فضای داخلی از دید و اشراف بیگانگان تاکید دارد و با ابزارهای " کنترل دید" و " فاصله" قابل بررسی است. برهمین اساس هدف اصلی پژوهش تبیین فضایی اثرگذاری نظام کالبدی باغ صفوی با تاکید بر اشرافیت فضای داخلی باغ بر رفتار فضای انسانی تعریف شده است. بدین منظور پژوهش حاضر در گام اول با جمع‌آوری اطلاعات از مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای و ادبیات نظری و در نهایت تدوین مدل سنجشی و در گام دوم علاوه بر معرفی ابزارهای سنجش، تحلیل فضایی و تفسیر مدلسازی براساس سوال اصلی پژوهش صورت گرفته است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد شاخص‌های خوانایی، جهت‌یابی و پیکره‌بندی فضایی به عنوان اصلی‌ترین شاخص‌های اثرگذار بر میزان اشرافیت شناسایی شده است که سنجه‌ها و زیرشاخص‌های مرتبط با آنها به کمک نرم‌افزار Depth map بصورت کمی مورد تفسیر و تحلیل قرار گرفته است.

حسن کریمی‌فرد

این پژوهش با هدف شناسایی و تبیین راهبردهای مؤثر مقابله با فساد در فرایند تمرکززدایی و طراحی چارچوبی نهادی برای شکل‌گیری شوراهای اسلامی شفاف و پاسخگو انجام شده است. شوراهای اسلامی شهر در ایران، به‌عنوان نخستین نقطۀ تماس میان شهروندان و ساختار حکمرانی، نقشی کلیدی در ارتقای اعتماد سیاسی و بهبود کیفیت خدمات عمومی ایفا می‌کنند. پژوهش حاضر از لحاظ هدف کاربردی و از نظر نحوۀ گردآوری اطلاعات، توصیفی-اکتشافی و از نوع کیفی است که با استفاده از روش‌های کتابخانه‌ای-اسنادی و تحلیل مضمون نگاشته شده است. روش جمع‌آوری اطلاعات مصاحبۀ نیمه‌ساختاریافته است. براین‌اساس با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند و براساس اصل کفایت نظری، ۱۵ نفر از اعضای سابق شوراهای اسلامی و کارشناسان به‌عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. یافته‌های تحقیق نشان می‌دهد در صورت نبود ترتیبات نهادی، احتمال بروز فساد در سطوح محلی می‌تواند از منافع بالقوۀ ناشی از فرایند تمرکززدایی فراتر رود و اهداف مورد انتظار در زمینۀ ارتقای کیفیت حکمرانی دموکراتیک را تضعیف کند. دستیابی به شوراهای اسلامی کارآمد و مقاوم در برابر فساد، مستلزم بازنگری بنیادین در قانون تشکیلات، وظایف و انتخابات شوراهای اسلامی کشور و انتخاب شهرداران و دهیاران است. این اصلاحات باید مبتنی بر طراحی ترتیبات نهادی منسجم و چندلایه‌ای باشد که اصول کلیدی از جمله نظارت مؤثر، شفافیت، پاسخگویی، مشارکت شهروندی، کسب شایستگی، مسئولیت‌پذیری نهادی و حاکمیت قانون را در ساختار شوراها نهادینه سازد. هم‌راستایی این اصول با سیاست‌های ضدفساد در سطح ملی می‌تواند از انتقال فساد از یک سطح به سطح دیگر جلوگیری و انسجام حکمرانی را تقویت کند.

Getman Radmila Vilma

Business cycles have not been overcome. In the 1970s, there was a simultaneous decline in economic activity and inflation, the so-called "stagflation". After the energy crises of 1982, 2000 and most recently in 2008, a recession in the world economy followed, while underdeveloped countries significantly worsened their position. The financial crisis of 2008, which originated in the USA, spread to the entire world, developing into a global crisis. Due to the financial crisis, the price of bank loans increased, which led to an increase in the operating costs of companies, while on the other hand, due to the volume of lending, the liquidity of companies decreased.

منصور منصوری مقدم

مصرف آب در جوامع روستایی ایران صرفاً یک رفتار زیستی و بهداشتی نیست، بلکه در پیوندی عمیق با ساختارهای فرهنگی، اجتماعی و جنسیتی معنا می‌یابد. در این زمینه، مفاهیم شرم، پاکیزگی و منزلت اجتماعی نقشی تعیین‌کننده در شکل‌دهی به الگوهای مصرف ایفا می‌کنند. مطالعه حاضر با تمرکز بر زنان روستای رستم ‌خان، می‌کوشد نشان دهد که چگونه کنش‌های روزمره مرتبط با آب، بازتاب‌دهنده ارزش‌های اخلاقی، هنجارهای اجتماعی و تقسیم کار جنسیتی هستند. روش مطالعه مردم نگاری است و داده­ها از طریق مشاهده مشارکتی و مصاحبه‌های عمیق با زنان روستاهای شهرستان ایوان طی سه ماه تابستان 1404 گردآوری شد.تحلیل داده‌ها نشان داد که زنان به‌عنوان مدیران اصلی محیط خانگی، عمدتاً مسئول فعالیت‌های همچون شستشوی حیاط، تراس، ظروف و لباس‌ها هستند. این فعالیت‌ها نه‌تنها پاسخ به نیاز زیستی، بلکه بازتاب ارزش‌های اجتماعی و نمادین مرتبط با «آبرو» و «پذیرایی» است. تقسیم کار جنسیتی موجب شده است که بار اصلی مصرف آب بر دوش زنان قرار گیرد. همچنین، نوع مصالح خانگی (سیمان یا شن‌ریزی) نقش مهمی در شدت مصرف ایفا می‌کند. یکی دیگر از یافته‌های کلیدی، وجود آگاهی متناقض زنان از بحران آب بود؛ بدین معنا که اگرچه از بحران آب آگاه بودند، اما هنجارهای فرهنگی و فشارهای اجتماعی، مصرف صرفه‌جویانه را تضعیف می‌کرد.  بنابراین مصرف آب به نوعی با هنجار پاکیزگی ارتباط  دارد. به این معنا که شرم پاکیزگی در این بستر صرفاً به معنای واکنش فردی نسبت به آلودگی فیزیکی نیست، بلکه سازه‌ای اجتماعی ـ فرهنگی است که با مفاهیمی چون «آبرو»، «منزلت خانوادگی» و «شرافت اجتماعی» درهم‌تنیده شده است. در واقع، تمیزی و نظافت نه تنها کنشی بهداشتی، بلکه کنشی نمادین است که جایگاه اجتماعی و فرهنگی خانواده را بازنمایی می‌کند.این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که مصرف آب در روستا نه صرفاً کنشی عملی، بلکه امری فرهنگی و اجتماعی است که در تعامل میان جنسیت، اخلاق، بدن و محیط خانگی ساخته می‌شود. بنابراین، سیاست‌های مدیریت منابع آب در صورت بی‌توجهی به این ابعاد فرهنگی و نمادین، اثربخشی محدودی خواهند داشت.

Anna Ágnes Anninger, Ben Youssef Firas, Fanni Bolyki et al.

This article presents the thesis abstracts of Anninger Anna Ágnes, Ben Youssef Firas, Bolyki Fanni, Coronel Poma Maria Soledad, Dani Eszter, Esmailie Mona, Ébner Dorottya, Feng Yuan, Fogarasi Dóra, Foltin Fanni, Galács Gergely, Holicza Fanni Zita, Jia Ting, Jie Shi, Karácsony Lenke, Kócsó Katalin, Lamari Siwar, Li Sen, Luo Feiyang, Sajben Angelika Panna, Silva Uyarte Ricardo Alberto, Tüske Ábris, Vig Virág, Wu Meng, Yue Xinyan, Zhang Mengmeng and Zhang Qian—students of the Master’s programme in Landscape Architecture and Garden Design—who successfully defended their theses in 2024 at the Institute of Landscape Architecture, Urban Planning and Garden Art, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE).

Funmilayo Lanrewaju Amao, Rokhsaneh Rahbarianyazd, Oluronke Omolola Odunjo

This study investigates the socio-economic and cultural characteristics of residents in selected public housing estates in Ibadan, focusing on the privacy regulatory mechanisms they adopt. By employing a mixed-methods approach, the research involved administering questionnaires to 565 household heads and conducting in-depth interviews with eight key informants from neighbourhood associations. The findings indicate a significant majority (92.00%) of respondents have adopted privacy regulating mechanisms, with personal space and territorial behaviour being the most common. ANOVA results reveal a significant relationship between these mechanisms and the residents' socio-economic and cultural characteristics. Qualitative insights from key informants' interviews provided a nuanced understanding of residents' privacy needs, highlighting emotional and behavioural cues, as well as verbal and non-verbal data. The study concludes that privacy regulation in public housing varies across different estates and is influenced by nine socio-economic and cultural factors, offering guidance for sustainable housing design that considers contemporary urbanization's socio-economic impacts. These findings can inform architects and policymakers in creating housing designs that respect privacy and enhance the quality of life for residents.

Nor Suzylah Sohaimi, Nur Aili Hanim Hanafiah, Azhani Abd Manaf et al.

Affordable housing is not merely about cost but encompasses quality, safety, and accessibility. The shortage of affordable housing perpetuates cycles of poverty, negatively impacting well-being. Utilizing scientometric techniques —co-authorship analysis, citation network analysis, and keyword co-occurrence analysis— on Scopus data from 1999 to 2024, and employing the VOSviewer tool, the aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive understanding of housing affordability by integrating both monetary and non-monetary factors and identifies 1) the co-authorship, co-occurrence, and countries’ collaboration, and 2) the most cited article in the field.  The results reveal key contributors in affordable housing research, highlight influential works, and map publishing trends. The outcomes show that nine different groups exist and actively collaborate worldwide. Waddell’s work, with 873 citations, is the most cited, followed by Monahan with 421 citations. The analysis highlights significant thematic clusters, such as the integration of technological advancements, health considerations, and policy changes in affordable housing research. The study underscores the critical role of social and environmental sciences in addressing housing equity and community well-being. By mapping the current research landscape and forecasting future trajectories, this study provides critical insights for guiding future research, policy development, and societal progress in affordable housing.

Arba Haniche Hantalo, Engida Esayas Dube

This study examines the dynamics of fringe land invasion in Birbir Town, southern Ethiopia by adopting a descriptive survey design with both qualitative and quantitative data analyses. Primary data were acquired through a household survey, key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and observations. This study also benefited from relevant secondary sources. Using a simple random sampling technique, 156 household heads were selected from Birbir and two adjacent rural areas. The study revealed that informal settlement expansion in the form of fringe land invasion occurs in Birbir Town predominantly due to population increase, urban sprawl, migration, poor land administration and governance systems, a lack of boundary demarcation, and the presence of available unserviced public land near the town. The process was intensified by actors such as farmers, local administrators, informal dealers, politicians, and local elders. The encroachment of urban fringe areas has led to deforestation, relinquishment of cultivable acreage, entitlement disputes, a prevailing trend of illicit land occupation, an unstructured urban expansion pattern, and a surge in criminality, fostering discordant communities. This study contributes to the understanding of informality on the urban fringe as posing socioeconomic and governance challenges in small towns of developing countries by presenting the case of Birbir.

Allan Lavell, Colin McFarlane, Henrietta L. Moore et al.

There has been a tendency for debates around the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to focus on particular Goals or Targets. What tends to get lost, however, is the bigger picture. In this paper we ask: to what extent and under what conditions do the SDGs offer a pathway to equality? Specifically, we focus on the potentials of the SDGs as a pathway to urban equality in the decade of delivery. We focus on the ways that three key interrelated development agendas, eradicating extreme poverty, promoting prosperity, and building resilience, are mobilised through the SDGs. Together these agendas reveal tensions and opportunities in the relationship between the SDGs and urban equality. In discussion, we reflect on the potentials of an urban equality lens to read the SDGs, and the conditions under which they might contribute to the realisation of fairer and more equal cities.

Sakirat Abimbola Afolabi, Mokunfayo Funmilayo Adedire

Recently, urban regions are experiencing prolonged heat exposure due to climate change and increased population expansion. Physiological, psychological and behavioural measures improve residents’ thermal comfort to solve the overheating issues generated by the scenario. However, adaptive strategies have not been clearly categorized based on the building construction process. This paper systematically reviews 101 documents published from 2013 to 2023, across 22 countries, with a focus on Nigeria. Using descriptive statistics and content analysis, we identify and categorize 52 adaptive strategies into four groups: urban design, effective building design, insulation, and occupants’ behaviour. These strategies are further classified according to their application in the building process stages: pre-design, design, construction, and post-construction. The study provides a full response to overheating in the building sector with efforts to reduce energy consumption rate and greenhouse gas emissions. The findings of the study contribute, significantly to improvement in occupants’ health care and well-being, as well as high productivity levels and socioeconomic benefits. Future research is therefore recommended in the efficiency of its implementation to develop innovative and cost-effective solutions in the construction industry towards sustainable urban development.

nabilla zahraini, Mira Dharma Susilawaty, Wahyu Hidayat

Abstrak Pondok pesantren merupakan sekolah yang mengajarkan tentang ilmu agama islam, perpaduan antara kurikulum pondok pesantren dan kurikulum pendidikan nasional. Perkembangan pondok pesantren saat ini dirasa cukup tinggi dengan banyaknya bermunculan pondok pesantren di sekitar Duri. Karena tingginya minat orang tua yang memasukkan anak-anaknya ke pondok pesantren diluar kota untuk mendapat pendidikan agama dan fasilitas belajar yang lebih baik, kota Duri merupakan lokasi yang memiliki potensial untuk pembangunan pondok pesantren untuk mengikuti perkembangan zaman tidak hanya membutuhkan pendidikan agama saja tetapi juga harus diimbangi dengan pendidikan umum yang akan diterapkan dikehidupan sehari-hari. Seiring perkembangan zaman dibutuhkan suasana baru dalam desain pondok pesantren, tujuan perancangan pondok pesantren ini adalah untuk memberikan suasana baru dalam desain pondok pesantren. Pondok pesantren ini menggunakan prinsip eco-friendly architecture yang memberikan hubungan antara manusia dan alam dengan memanfaatkan apa yang ada disekitar lokasi dalam rancangan yang mengacu pada fungsi edukasi dengan menerapkan penggunaan material lokal yang ada, penerapan penghawaan alami yang maksimal, memaksimalkan energi alami. Kata kunci : Arsitektur Eco-Friendly, Kota Duri, Perancangan Arsitektur, Pondok pesantren.   Abstract Islamic boarding schools are schools that teach Islamic religious knowledge, a combination of the Islamic boarding school curriculum and the national education curriculum.  The development of Islamic boarding schools is currently considered quite high with many Islamic boarding schools emerging around Duri.  Due to the high interest of parents who send their children to Islamic boarding schools outside the city to get better religious education and learning facilities, the city of Duri is a potential location for the construction of Islamic boarding schools to keep up with the times not only requires religious education but also has to be.  balanced with general education that will be applied in everyday life.  Along with the times, a new atmosphere is needed in the design of Islamic boarding schools. The purpose of designing this Islamic boarding school is to provide a new atmosphere in the design of the Islamic boarding school.  This boarding school uses the principles of eco-friendly architecture that provides a connection between humans and nature by utilizing what is around the location in a design that refers to the educational function by applying the use of local materials available, maximizing natural ventilation, maximizing natural energy. Keywords: Eco-Friendly Architecture, Duri City, Architectural Design, Islamic Boarding School..

Kasra Ketabollahi, Asghar Molaei

Today, important parts of cities with capitalist intentions are used for large-scale projects. Many people are affected by these plans. The consequences of land acquisition in many development projects have led to widespread dissatisfaction among the residents of the areas in the project. This factor has weakened the rights of residents and caused many material and identity losses and has created many problems for the community. Therefore, it is necessary to study this issue from the perspective of the religion of Islam. In this study, while studying scientific sources and religious texts, under the concept of the Iranian-Islamic city, three jurisprudential dimensions, citizenship and moral rights, are examined. The main question of the research is “What is the position of jurisprudential and moral principles and its rules with emphasis on the concept of ownership in urban development projects?” The results showed that the rules of domination, harm and expediency is one of the most important jurisprudential principles that must be observed in Islamic urban planning in Iran in order to maintain and strengthen the family foundation, property stability, and respect for citizens. In this regard, the concepts of Islamic urban planning should be included as a necessity in the laws related to the city. Lack of updating of a number of laws of the country and incorrect interpretation of the collective interest in large-scale projects, which are mostly prepared and implemented with economic intentions and political lusts, are among the reasons for problems in the field of land acquisition.

Richard Lang, Paul Chatterton, David Mullins

The paper aims to take forward recent research concerning the development of grassroots innovations and sustainability transitions in housing. We introduce and empirically assess a multi-level, process-oriented framework informed by strategic niche management (SNM) and social capital theory. Drawing on qualitative data, the empirical part explores the emergence of community-led housing (CLH) in England as a grassroots-based housing niche which operates in a context of market dysfunction. The paper offers further conceptual development of the role of intermediaries in grassroots niche building. Our findings suggest an evolution from independent sub-niche umbrellas to broader-based intermediaries to leverage and consolidate different sustainability practices in the niche. The results question an unadapted application of the simplistic growth-oriented SNM approach advocating for strategic coherence. In particular, our analysis shows that the development of broader-based intermediary organisations is driven by short-term government funding and carefully preserves the diversity of approaches and identities within the niche.

Seda Bostancı, Suzan Girginkaya Akdağ

The typological features of university campus areas are shaped according to their locations in the city. Campuses in city centers carry great potentials for students’ cultural, intellectual and artistic activities, especially for those from faculty of architecture and design, with close relations to the city. The aim of this paper is to develop an approach for measuring architecture students’ aesthetic experience of vertical and horizontal campuses in relation to sense of place theory. Recently, emerging technologies in cognitive science, such as brain imaging techniques, activity maps, sensory maps, cognitive mapping and photo-projective method etc., have enabled advanced measurement of aesthetic experience. In this exploratory research, using ‘photo-projective method’, students will be asked to interpret and draw ‘cognitive maps’ of the places that they are happy to be (defined place) or to see (landscape) on the campus. Based on students’ impressions and experiences, it will be possible to compare aesthetic experience on vertical and horizontal campus. Thus, a comprehensive approach for improving campus design according to users’ aesthetic experiences and sense of place rather than building technology, law, development and finance-driven obligations will be introduced.

Elisangela Aparecida Machado da Silva, Anna Flora Werneck, Thomaz Kauark Chianca et al.

O discurso comum entre especialistas e sociedade civil é de aumento dos registros de violações de crianças e adolescentes em contextos de grandes eventos mundiais, especialmente a exploração sexual. A metodologia proposta para a pesquisa buscou identificar evidências da exploração sexual, tomou como case a Copa do Mundo de Futebol 2014, no Brasil, e contou com a sistematização de dados secundários (2012 à 2014). Os principais resultados gerados foram a oportunidade de ter as informações dos registros organizados em única base de dados e analisados de forma a se identificar a interferência do grande eventos. Dos resultados encontrados conclui-se que – os tipos de violações registrados cotidianamente, e que ocorrem no âmbito intrafamiliar e comunitário, repetiram durante o período do grande evento, com aumento dos registros de violência sexual, com marcada invisibilidade da exploração sexual. Na perspectiva da gestão, a pesquisa produziu dados e evidências que podem auxiliar os organizadores de eventos desta natureza a definirem estratégias concretas para prevenção destas violações. Na perspectiva científica, a pesquisa consiste em referência metodológicaa para futuros estudos quanti-qualitativos, e, investigação sobre a correlação entre responsabilidade social dos destinos turísticos e a garantia de direitos das crianças e adolescentes em contexto de grandes eventos.

Mihajlović Milan, Vidić Boban

Hourakhsh Ahmad Nia, Yousif Hussien Suleiman

For centuries the aesthetic significance of space organization has been one of the significant subjects of study for most artists, architects, urban designers and philosophers. Cities which experience diverse stages of growth transmit dissimilar aesthetic values due to their locations, culture, history and background. This research will try to take out the aesthetic values of the traditional European cities through the literature on aesthetic of the urban design. Accordingly, this study reflects the term urban aesthetics in spatial organization. It tries to answer the question of how space organization can lead to the aesthetic understanding of a place. The methodology for this study developed based on grounded theory study and qualitative assessments of European cities through the literature review. Overall, the study assessed integration, visual connectivity, vitality, spatial quality, as the main factors in shaping the aesthetic quality of the urban environment in European traditional cities. At the end, it proposed the findings to apply in contemporary urban designing.

Felipe de Souza Siqueira, Débora Goes Urano, Raquel Maria Fontes do Amaral Pereira

Este artigo discute a expansão da atividade turística na praia de Canoa Quebrada - Ceará, buscando entender suas implicações sobre o desenvolvimento do setor hoteleiro a partir das iniciativas pioneiras na década de 1970 até sua ampliação nos dias atuais. Seu foco principal é o setor hoteleiro, sua expansão e as transformações decorrentes do crescimento urbano e dos fluxos turísticos, abarcando as origens e as principais características desse setor, bem como a sua relação com a evolução da localidade. A operacionalização da pesquisa impôs a definição de um referencial teórico apropriado ao entendimento do processo de expansão da cidade e dos fluxos turísticos, de modo a propiciar a apreensão da totalidade dos elementos naturais e humanos definidores da realidade investigada. A análise dos processos locais relativos à expansão urbana e turística exigiu a sua articulação ao contexto regional e nacional, bem como a consulta à obras capazes de oferecer elementos acerca da realidade objeto da investigação, elucidando aspectos relacionados às origens e a evolução do setor hoteleiro, decorrentes de transformações sócio espaciais ocorridas em Canoa Quebrada.

David S. Bieri, C. M. Kayanan

Tax increment financing (TIF) is one of the most popular funding mechanisms for downtown and other local economic development projects across municipalities in the United States. While California pioneered TIF to leverage federal funds for urban renewal projects during the early 1950s, the State’s recent dissolution of redevelopment agencies has wiped out TIF from the toolkit of local public finance. The specter of legal challenges to TIF elsewhere in the country has unsettled the community of economic development practitioners. The Michigan Legislature is currently in the process of developing a series of reform proposals that potentially imply significant statutory changes in structure of TIF, possibly limiting the scope and application of this economic development option in Michigan. The opportunity costs of such modifications to TIF practice are not easily quantifiable for public policy makers or local economic development specialists because statewide data that could help analysts evaluate the extent and effectiveness of these tax capture tools simply does not exist. This paper seeks to contribute to the current policy discussion on TIF reform by proposing the blueprint for a comprehensive, state-level database on the scale, scope and structure of TIF activities in Michigan (Michigan Repository for TIF “MiRTIF”). Categorizing, classifying and standardizing the reporting on all TIF activities in the state, the MiRTIF is intended to provide a consolidated view for making meaningful fiscal comparisons at different levels.