Hasil untuk "Textile bleaching, dyeing, printing, etc."

Loukia Plakia, Adamantia Zourou, Maria Zografaki et al.

Hydrogen, as an alternative energy carrier, presents significant prospects for the transition to more environmentally friendly energy solutions. However, its efficient and safe storage remains a challenge, as materials with high adsorbent capacity and long-term storage capability are required. This study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of a composite material comprising carbon fiber and manganese dioxide (MnO₂/CFs), for the purpose of hydrogen storage. Carbon fiber was chosen as the basis for the composition of the composite material due to its large active surface area and its excellent mechanical, thermal, and electrochemical properties. The deposition of MnO₂ on the surface of carbon fibers took place through two different synthetic pathways: electrochemical deposition and chemical synthesis under different conditions. The electrochemical method enabled the production of a greater amount of oxide with optimized structural and chemical properties, whereas the chemical method was simpler but required more time to achieve comparable or lower-capacity performance. Elemental analysis of the electrochemically produced composites showcased an average of 40.5 ± 0.05 wt% Mn presence, which is an indicator of the quantity of MnO₂ on the surface responsible for hydrogen storage, while the chemically produced composites showcased an average of 7.6 ± 0.05 wt% Mn presence. Manganese oxide’s high specific capacity and reversible redox reaction participation make it suitable for hydrogen storage applications. The obtained results of the hydrogenated samples through physicochemical characterization indicated the formation of the MnOOH intermediate. Regarding these findings it may be remarked that carbon fiber/MnO₂ composites are promising candidates for hydrogen storage technologies. Finally, the fabricated carbon fiber/MnO₂ composites were applied successfully as working electrodes for analysis of the [Fe(CN)₆]^3−/4− redox system in aqueous KCl solutions.

Hualiang Feng, Zhangzhang Huang, Zhaoji Zhang

Dimitrijević Dragan, Dimitrijević Natalija, Adamović Živoslav

The change in the metaphor of efficient business and the generation of sustainable competitiveness was primarily due to the impact of the globalization of business activities and the mass implementation of innovative technologies, which is why efficient production and quality products are no longer the focus of quantitative-qualitative advantages and strengthening the competitiveness of companies, they but it rather the tasks of e-sales, supply chains, marketing and customer relations, etc., as wellas compatible and efficient information systems of payment , education and continuous learning, health care of employees, state administration, etc., which all indicate the need for diffusion, as well as the permanent generation, adaptation and development of quality and efficient information systems within the framework of new strategies and e-business. Electronic business, otherwise based on the inclusion and efficient exploitation of the potential of Information and Communication Technologies (the implementation of which obviously determines the ways in which companies implement their business processes), i.e. Internet technologies and information systems, as well as organized integrated databases, provides the possibility of a simplified exit to the global market with minimal investment, as well as the possibility of quick and efficient changes in business processes and the generation and development of new business models, and what with the implementation of Just In This and Quick Response Systems ways of doing business, fundamentally leads to the generation of comparative advantages of such business systems and strengthening competitiveness. The fact that today nuances or millionths of some value in business bring an advantage in quality or economic valorization and decide on advantages in strengthening competitiveness or efficient optimization of business, require greater attention and critical consideration of the importance of implementation and efficient exploitation of the so-called service information systems (e-administration, e-education, e-health). Service information systems with all their nuances-qualitative sociological, humanistic, cultural or human resources elements, generally include the entire business through their integrative functions, are easily adapted in a variable environment and eliminate spatial limitations and problems of dislocation of individual segments of the business process, and can be crucial in generating elements efficient business and strengthening the competitiveness of companies. The paper presents an overview and analysis of the impact of service information systems, as important links in the E-business chain, from the aspect of improving the optimization and efficiency of operations, reducing costs and strengthening the competitiveness of companies, with special reference to the operations of SMEs in the textile and clothing industry.

Ahmad Safwan Ismail, Mohammad Jawaid, E.S. Zainudin et al.

This study explores the effects of hybridizing flax fabric (F) with carbon/Kevlar fabric (CK) on key material properties, including density, water absorption, void content, tensile properties, impact resistance, and thermogravimetric stability. The composites were fabricated using compression molding, employing different weight ratios of flax to carbon/Kevlar (F/CK): 100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75, and 0/100, while keeping the fiber loading constant at 50 wt%. Bio-phenolic/epoxy polymer blends were used as the polymer matrix. The results indicate that as the amount of carbon/Kevlar fabric increases, the density of the hybrid composites also increases while the moisture absorption decreases. The analysis of void content in the composites suggests that the fabricated composites are well-prepared, with void content measuring less than 2%. Combining flax fiber with carbon/Kevlar fiber produces a composite with improved mechanical characteristics. Notably, the hybrid composite with a ratio of 25:75 (F: CK) demonstrated superior tensile modulus and impact strength, showing improvements of 25.96% and 16.05%, respectively, compared to the carbon/Kevlar composite. Moreover, the residue at 800°C of the composites increased with an increase in the carbon/Kevlar fabric and the highest was shown by hybrid composites with the ratio of 25:75 (F:CK), where the residue is 39.96%.

Roman Knížek, Maroš Tunák, Veronika Tunáková et al.

This article examines the effect of membrane type and its morphology on the chosen thermo-physiological properties of the middle layer of outdoor clothing. In total four different membranes were selected for the production and analysis of three-layer laminates, which could replace the second and third layers of layered clothing for sports/outdoor purposes. As an outer and lining material a polyester knitted fabric with fleece was chosen, whereas the lamination technology was used to join the individual layers. Chosen properties affecting the thermo-physiological comfort of the laminates were evaluated, to be able to select a membrane that, in combination with the outer and inner layer, enabled the use of laminate as an upper clothing layer – a jacket, thereby replacing the necessity of using a second clothing layer. The following properties were chosen as crucial: thermal resistance, air permeability, vapor permeability (water vapor penetration), and hydrostatic pressure resistance. The utility value methodology was used to evaluate individual fleece-based laminates. For the completeness of this study, two types of commercially available three-layer laminates containing soft-shell fabric as the top layer were incorporated for comparison.

Minjoo Kang, Jongsun Kim, Sungmin Kim

Abstract This research intended to establish a new fashion-related artificial intelligence research topic concerning fashion editorials which could induce streams of further studies. A new fashion editorial dataset, which is a prerequisite in training an AI model, has been established in this study to meet the research purpose. A total of over 150K fashion editorials were initially collected and processed to satisfy necessary dataset conditions. A novel dataset of fashion editorials consisting of approximately 60K editorials is proposed through the process. In order to prove the adequacy of the new dataset, data distribution was analyzed and a generative model was selected and trained to attest that new fashion editorials can be created with the proposed editorial dataset. The results generated by the trained model were qualitatively investigated. The model has shown to have learned various features that compose editorials with the dataset, successfully generating fashion editorials. Quantitative evaluation with FID scores was conducted to support the selection of the generative model used for the qualitative assessment.

Md Aktarul Hasan

Vincent Röhl, Corinne van Noordenne-Bos, Hansjörg Wieland et al.

This study evaluates the economic and degradation properties of natural fiber-reinforced PHBH (Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate)). Compounds containing the compostable biobased plastic PHBH and 30 mass% of cotton, merino wool, wood fibers, and hemp fibers were produced, and 0.4 mm thick foils were manufactured using a laboratory hot press. Samples for mechanical characterization were produced by injection molding and were buried in bioactive soil for 16 weeks to determine the influence of fiber type on the disintegration speed in soil. The disintegration was measured by subsequent excavation, determination of dry mass loss and visual inspection. All kinds of natural fibers generally improve disintegration speed. The most significant improvement was reached by samples containing cotton and wool, respectively, which experienced similar mass loss, followed by the ones containing hemp fibers. The smallest increase in disintegration speed was achieved by samples containing wood fibers. Mechanical properties and cost-saving potential increased in the cotton and hemp samples. * Long version of a presentation at Composites Meet Sustainability – Proceedings of the 20th European Conference on Composite Materials, ECCM20. 26–30 June, 2022, Lausanne, Switzerland

Harshal Patil, Ashok Athalye

Agriculture biomass is a widely known renewable source that has a high possibility of recycling. The present investigation deals with the extraction, pre-treatment, dyeing, and characterization of natural fiber obtained from agricultural residues of corn husk. Water retted corn husk fibers were subjected to two steps of scouring and bleaching with hydrogen peroxide. The process effectively reduced non-cellulosic impurities, increased cellulose content to almost 79%, enhanced water absorption (431.5%), and increased fiber whiteness (54) with minimal impact on breaking tenacity (17.17 CN/tex). Natural dyeing was performed by using dye extracted from Sappan wood, and it was observed that fiber dyed without mordant exhibits a good color strength (K/S) of 13.21. Optimum dyeing conditions were determined by the response surface methodology, where K/S was kept as the main response. Modern spectroscopic characterization techniques were used for confirmatory analysis. The optimized recipe for natural dyeing is a 20% liquid dye concentration at 70°C for 1 hour, which achieved a K/S of 10.2–10.5 with adequate wash and light fastness properties in the range of 3–4 and 7–8, respectively. The current study will pave the way for the efficient textile application of this abundant but unnecessarily wasted biomass.

Raphael Romao Santos, Nozomi Katayama, Sachiko Sukigara

In recent years, using non-trained individuals in sensory science for analytical tasks has gained traction. Identifying attributes enabling non-experts to express perceptions is crucial for accurate fabric assessments and effective communication of product properties to consumers. This study explored the potential utility of the Japanese onomatopoeia <i>tsuru-tsuru</i> as a sensory attribute for evaluating fabric surface properties. Two experiments were conducted. The first ranked 16 samples to identify those eliciting the <i>tsuru-tsuru</i> sensation, exploring its relationship with attributes like smoothness and coolness. The second involved a detailed descriptive sensory evaluation of selected samples, examining the relationship between <i>tsuru-tsuru</i>, coolness, slipperiness, and hardness. Fabric preferences assessment and cluster analysis were also employed to understand individual differences in perception. Sensory assessments revealed <i>tsuru-tsuru</i>’s comparable performance with attributes like smoothness and slipperiness, facilitating effective sample distinction. Participants showed high agreement, indicating shared perceptions. Preferences favored fabrics with <i>tsuru-tsuru</i> qualities. The clustering analysis revealed participants had slightly different interpretations of <i>tsuru-tsuru</i>. Overall, results indicated the positive potential value of <i>tsuru-tsuru</i> in describing textile surfaces for non-trained individuals.

G. Venkatesan, V. Vignesh, K.J. Nagarajan et al.

Natural fibers have a wide range of potential applications in green composite manufacturing industrial sectors due to their renewable eco-friendly nature and remarkable properties. In the present work, the physico-chemical, thermal, tensile and morphological properties of Sesbania Aculeata Fibers (SAFs) are presented in first time. Chemical analysis results show that SAFs have relatively higher α-cellulose (70.1 wt.%) with lower hemicelluloses (10.2 wt.%), lignin (12.1 wt.%) and wax (0.6 wt.%) content. Structural analysis of SAFs was performed through fourier transform infrared (FTIR), energy dispersive X-ray microanalyzer (EDX) and NMR spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis evidenced that SAFs have a crystallinity index (CrI) of 65.5% with a crystalline size of 4.6 nm. The mechanical properties of the SAFs were investigated through a single fiber tensile test and fiber pull out test. The thermal stability of the SAFs was examined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Based on the results, it is predicted that the SAFs can be used as a potential reinforcement in the polymer matrix composite structure.

D Shanmugam, Rama Thirumurugan, M Thiruchitrambalam et al.

In this work chemically treated Palmyra Palm Leaf Stalk Fiber (PPLSF) reinforced polymer composites are evaluated for their mechanical properties (Tensile, Flexural, and Impact) before and after Moisture absorption, crystallinity, and acoustic properties for their possible usage in engineering applications. Alkali and silane treated PPLSF are used as reinforcements in the polyester matrix for fabrication of composite samples. The composite specimens were soaked in three types of water (drinking water, well water and sea water) for a period of 3 days and tests on the specimens were conducted after each day of immersion at different time intervals. It was observed that there was less moisture abortion was less in silane treated composites. Mechanical and acoustic tests showed that the properties of silane treated fiber composites were higher compared to all the other composites. Moisture penetration was higher in the composites exposed to sea water in comparison to others. The changes in the crystallinity index of the composites were identified through X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) technique. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of the tensile fractured specimens were used to understand the mechanism of failure of the composites before and after moisture absorption. Properties of the composites from the literature were compared with those of the proposed composite.

Mustafa Cuce, Mehmet Kilinc, Nur Kilinc et al.

Natural dyestuffs are evaluated as innovative natural sources to color the fabric and give antibacterial properties in the textile industry. In this study, methanol extracts of Helichrysum arenarium subsp. aucheri were used as natural sources in wool fabric dyeing. Aluminum potassium sulfate (KAl(SO4)2.12H2O), copper sulfate (CuSO4.5H2O), and iron sulfate (FeSO4.7H2O) metal salts were used in the pre-mordanting process. The dyeing process was carried out in mordant and non-mordant fabrics at 25% and 50% concentrations. In this experiment, fastness values are ranked between medium and good grades. The point that should be especially emphasized is that the un-mordanted and dyed samples’ fastness values are acceptable. The disc diffusion method was applied to determine the antibacterial effect of extracts against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and gram-negative Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. The methanol extract obtained from the ultrasonic water bath has shown the most powerful antibacterial effect against S. aureus ATCC 25923 with a 15.8 zone diameter. The dyed wool fabrics demonstrated excellent antimicrobial activity (reduction rates: w38.4e100) against two different bacteria according to AATCC 100 method.

Valery Lesovik, Roman Fediuk, Mugahed Amran et al.

Fibers of various origins are of great importance for the manufacture of new generation cement composites. The use of modified composite binders allows these highly efficient building materials to be used for 3D-printing of structures for various functional purposes. In this article, changes in building codes are proposed, in particular, the concept of the rheological technological index (RTI) mixtures is introduced, the hardware and method for determining which will reproduce the key features of real processes. An instrument was developed to determine a RTI value. The mixes based on composite binders and combined steel and polypropylene fibers were created. The optimally designed composition made it possible to obtain composites with a compressive strength of 93 MPa and a tensile strength of 11 MPa. At the same time, improved durability characteristics were achieved, such as water absorption of 2.5% and the F300 frost resistance grade. The obtained fine-grained fiber-reinforced concrete composite is characterized by high adhesion strength of the fiber with the cement paste. The microstructure of the developed composite, and especially the interfacial transition zone, has a denser structure compared to traditional concrete. The obtained materials, due to their high strength characteristics due to the use of a composite binder and combined fiber, can be recommended for use in high-rise construction.

Murali Sagar Varma Sagi, Chandrashekhar Lakavath, S. Suriya Prakash et al.

This study investigates the possibility of replacing the minimum web reinforcement in deep beams with discrete fibers. Additionally, the equivalent dosage of fibers required to obtain similar performance of the deep beam with minimum web reinforcement is investigated. Deep beams made of plain concrete with no fibers, beams with minimum web reinforcement as per AASHTO LFRD recommendations (0.3% in both horizontal and vertical), and with a 0.5% volume fraction of steel, macro-synthetic and hybrid fibers are tested at a shear span to height ratio (<i>a/h</i>) of one. Test results show that the presence of 0.3% web reinforcement in horizontal and vertical directions increased the peak load by 25% compared to the plain concrete beams. However, it did not significantly change the first diagonal crack load. With the addition of 0.5% of steel, macro-synthetic and hybrid fibers, the peak load increased by 49%, 42%, and 63%, respectively, compared to the plain concrete specimen. The addition of steel fibers significantly improved the first cracking load. In contrast, macro-synthetic fibers did not affect the first cracking load but improved the ductility with higher deflections at peak. Hybridization of steel and macro synthetic fibers showed improved performance compared to the individual fibers of the same volume in peak load and ductility. Test results showed that a 0.5% volume fraction of discrete macro steel or synthetic or hybrid fibers can be used to completely replace the minimum web reinforcement (0.3% in both directions).

Zainab Al-Maqdasi, Abdelghani Hajlane, Abdelghani Renbi et al.

Continuous metalized regenerated cellulose fibers for advanced applications (e.g., multi-functional composites) are produced by electroless copper plating. Copper is successfully deposited on the surface of cellulose fibers using commercial cyanide-free electroless copper plating packages commonly available for the manufacturing of printed wiring boards. The deposited copper was found to enhance the thermal stability, electrical conductivity and resistance to moisture uptake of the fibers. On the other hand, the chemistry involved in plating altered the molecular structure of the fibers, as was indicated by the degradation of their mechanical performance (tensile strength and modulus).

Mojsov Kiro, Janevski Aco, Andronikov Darko et al.

Conventional chemical processes are generally severe and fibre damage may occur. Enzymes are characterized by their ability to operate under mild conditions and as a result processes can be carried out without further damaging the fibers. Enzymes are also readily biodegradable and therefore potentially harmless and environmentally friendly. Biopolishing enzymes used in biopolishing, offers a number of benefits such as improvement in pill resistance, superior colour brightness, softness and cooler feel. Biopolishing treatment, given to the cotton fabrics using cellulases, often influences dyebility and certain physical properties of the fabrics after treatments. This work represents a review of behavior of cellulase treatment on dyeability and various properties of cotton fabrics.

Lixin Tu, Weilong Xiao, Wenzhen Duan et al.

A facile route was used for improving the oil-absorbing performance of Calotropis gigantea fiber (CGF) via a convenient oxidative polymerization of dopamine in the presence of attapulgite (APT) and subsequent instant immersion in an ethanolic solution of 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane (PFS). The scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled with element mapping indicated that the CGF had been successfully modified by polydopamine–APT–PFS, by which a roughened surface with higher contact angle against water can be formed. Consequently, the resulting fiber showed a significant enhancement in the oil-absorbing capacity, with 99.2 g/g for blend oil, 97.7 g/g for soybean oil, and 88.4 g/g for kerosene, respectively. Compared with previous methods, this approach is convenient for the construction of a novel material with tailored morphology and functionality, and the resulting fiber shows its promising application as a highly efficient and recyclable oil-absorbing material for oily wastewater treatment.

Chunxiang Lin, Qianli Ma, Qiaoquan Su et al.

A post-esterification with a high degree of substitution (hDS) mechanical treatment (Pe(hDS)M) approach was used for the production of highly hydrophobic cellulose nanoparticles (CNPs). The process has the advantages of substantially reducing the mechanical energy input for the production of CNPs and avoiding CNP aggregation through drying or solvent exchange. A conventional esterification reaction was carried out using a mixture of acetic anhydride, acetic acid, and concentrated sulfuric acid, but at temperatures of 60–85 °C. The successful hDS esterification of bleached eucalyptus kraft pulp fibers was confirmed by a variety of techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), solid state 13C NMR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), elemental analyses, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The CNP morphology and size were examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) as well as dynamic light scattering. The hydrophobicity of the PeM-CNP was confirmed by the redispersion of freeze-dried CNPs into organic solvents and water contact-angle measurements. Finally, the partial conversion of cellulose I to cellulose II through esterification improved PeM-CNP thermal stability.