Hasil untuk "Cartography"

Pâmela Carvalho Molina, Camila Souza dos Anjos Lacerda, Cláudia Maria de Almeida et al.

O estudo da forma urbana é sem dúvida a chave para avançar em direção às transformações sustentáveis. Entretanto, observações de Sensoriamento Remoto dentro desse domínio são complexas e desafiadoras, pois esses ambientes apresentam muitas características espectrais semelhantes, tornando a análise de imagens de áreas urbanas uma difícil tarefa. Embora os sistemas de sensores tenham sido aprimorados recentemente, eles ainda são incapazes de atingir um nível de detalhamento suficiente para analisar qualitativa e quantitativamente os alvos de interesse em uma imagem urbana. Nesse sentido, a fusão de dados de múltiplos sensores surge como solução viável para a detecção e interpretação detalhada dos elementos que compõem uma cena urbana. Este trabalho tem como objetivo realizar a fusão de dados utilizando uma imagem hiperespectral (HSI), uma imagem óptica RGB de ultra-alta resolução e dados de detecção e alcance de luz (LiDAR) para uma caracterização detalhada de um ambiente urbano do ponto de vista da cobertura do solo. Sete conjuntos de dados serão empregados, incluindo os dados separados RGB, HSI e LiDAR, bem como sua fusão. Este último é usado para demonstrar o potencial de integração de informações de vários sensores quando comparados com os resultados de acurácia de um único sensor. O algoritmo escolhido para realizar tais classificações é o Random Forest, uma vez que é possível manipular grandes quantidades de dados e alcançar acurácia satisfatória. A acurácia geral alcançada pelo conjunto de fusão de dados mostra-se significativamente superior à dos demais conjuntos, demonstrando que o uso combinado de dados de diferentes sensores refina os resultados da classificação, permitindo um nível preciso e detalhado de legenda de classificação.

Magdalena Łągiewska, Maciej Bartold

Climate change, particularly the increasing frequency of droughts, poses a critical challenge for agriculture. Rising temperatures and water scarcity threaten both agricultural productivity and ecosystem stability, making the identification of effective drought mitigation strategies essential. This study introduces an innovative approach to agricultural drought monitoring in Poland, utilizing remote sensing (RS) satellite data, collected from 2001 to 2020, and the Drought Identification Satellite System (DISS) index at a 1 km × 1 km spatial resolution, in combination with Copernicus High-Resolution Layers (HRL). To assess areas’ capacities to mitigate drought risks, a multi-criteria decision (MCD) analysis of regional environmental conditions was conducted. Focusing on the Mazowieckie Voivodeship, an algorithm was developed to evaluate regional susceptibility to drought. Spatial datasets were used to analyze environmental indicators, producing a map of communal temperature mitigation capacities. Statistical analysis identified drought vulnerability, highlighting areas in need of urgent intervention, such as increased mid-field tree planting. The study revealed that the frequency of droughts in this region during the growing season from 2001 to 2020 exceeded 40%. As a result, 40 LAU 2 administrative units have been affected by multiple negative environmental factors that contribute to drought formation and its long-term persistence. The proposed methodology, integrating diverse satellite data sources and spatial analyses, offers an effective tool for drought monitoring, mitigation planning, and ecosystem protection in a changing climate. This approach provides valuable insights for policymakers and land managers in addressing agricultural drought challenges and enhancing regional resilience to the impacts of climate change.

Yi He, Shengpeng Cao, Qing Zhu et al.

Accurate assessment of vegetation productivity dynamics is critical for understanding ecosystem responses to environmental change. However, the spatiotemporal consistency among key remote sensing indicators, such as solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF), gross primary productivity (GPP), and net primary productivity (NPP), remains poorly quantified, especially in ecologically fragile drylands of Northwest China (NWC). In this study, we developed a dual-factor framework integrating climate and vegetation perspectives to evaluate the consistency and inconsistency among SIF, GPP, and NPP across diverse climatic gradients and vegetation types from 2000 to 2020. We found that all three indicators increased significantly across most of NWC (p < 0.05), with higher values in the southeast and lower values in the northwest. Only 61.41% of the pixels presented fully consistent trends, which were concentrated in humid eastern regions. In contrast, 38.59% of the pixels presented inconsistent trends among SIF, GPP, and NPP, which were predominantly located in arid and subarid transition zones and central grasslands. Notably, SIF and GPP demonstrated strong consistency in humid zones (R > 0.95) and grasslands (R = 0.91), making them suitable for tracking dynamic photosynthesis, whereas NPP was more reliable in arid zones because of its lower sensitivity to atmospheric interference. The proposed framework provides a reference approach for selecting appropriate vegetation productivity indicators based on local climatic and ecosystem contexts. Our findings lay a solid foundation for more reliably assessing the carbon cycle in global drylands.

Oluwole Ogunlade

The modern world is facing a continuous flow of development, and this increasing development is an evolving process that accelerates urban growth. Contemporary issues of urban growth are common in developing countries where development goes ahead of urban planning. This study assesses the urban growth in Ikire, Nigeria, between three decades of year 2000, 2010, and 2020 with a view to detecting and measuring the presence of urban growth for the purpose of managing the sustainability. The data used for the study were Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) data of 2000, 2010 and operational land imager of 2020. The remote sensing technique was integrated with the Geographical Information System (GIS) to assess land use and land cover (LULC) changes, spatial dispersion, and compactness of urban growth in the study area. The Landsat images of 2000, 2010, and 2020 were subjected to appropriate corrections, processing, and supervised maximum likelihood pixel-based classification into five land cover classes. The extent of urban land use was determined by using the attribute and statistical data generated from the classification result for a post-classification comparison of the built-up LULC among the years. Results show that the built-up area highly increased from 9% in 2000 to about 13% in 2010, and 15.7% in 2020. It is expected that by the year 2060, the built-up area would have grown to 38% at a rate of 9.5% per decade and approximately 1% per annum. The findings in the study indicated that in the past decades, the built-up area has been on the increase, thus indicating urban growth in the study area, and this has impacted the natural environment. A possible consequence of urban sprawl was identified. The use of geospatial technologies for assessing and monitoring the pace of urban sprawl and LULC change dynamics in Ikire to manage and control the unplanned, inevitable urban sprawl in the study area was recommended.   Key words: built-up, urban-growth, land-use, land-cover, urban-sprawl.

Diego J. Maldonado-Guzmán, Francisco José Chamizo-Nieto, Sergio Reyes-Corredera

Negative externalities stemming from overtourism have been widely reported in the literature. However, a consequence less explored in scientific research is the increase in crime rates derived from high levels of tourism. This article analyses the relationship between the concentration of Airbnb accommodation and crime density in the city of Malaga (Spain); both the social disorganization and the routine activities theories are used as the theoretical basis. The region under study has been defined by removing the non-urbanized part of the city and the unit of spatial analysis is the census tract. The relationship between Airbnb and crime has been measured by controlling for other factors traditionally related to crime. Two models that take into account the spatial nature of the data have been employed: a two-stage spatially weighted spatial least squares model and a geographically weighted regression model. Results show that Airbnb is significantly related to an increase in crime density in the census tract, as is the proportion of people born in countries with a Human Development Index below .825. Nightlife likewise shows a significant relationship with crime in the city, but this relationship is inverse. Nevertheless, the variable that shows the strongest link is crime itself in neighboring census tracts. An increase in crime in a given region leads to an increase in crime in the surrounding census tracts. However, the local model reveals that the impact of crime in adjacent units is not related in the same way to local crime in region analyzed as a whole. The policy implications of these results and other findings contrary to the original criminological theories are discussed.

Junjie Ding, Xinhai Huang, Jin Ben et al.

ABSTRACTDiscrete Global Grid System (DGGS) is a hierarchical structure with seamless global coverage, supporting processing and analysis of heterogeneous geospatial data. Compared with the most commonly used icosahedron, the rhombic triacontahedron (RT) approximates Earth better and can improve the accuracy of data modeling and expression. However, current RT DGGS studies have adopted a single-resolution integer coordinate scheme within a single surface that cannot achieve multilevel grid analysis. To this end, three adjacent surfaces are combined and a three-axis integer coordinate system is established to reduce the number of times crossing the surface. Then, the principle for partitioning aperture 4 hexagonal grids and a quadtree hierarchical encoding scheme are proposed. Further, this study establishes a fast transformation between the code and three-axis coordinates, implements hierarchical and neighbor code operations, and designs a transformation between the code and geographic coordinates. Experimental results indicate that, compared with the icosahedral hexagonal DGGS, the proposed scheme has a significant efficiency advantage in the transformation between the code and geographic coordinates, while the neighbor code operation efficiency can reach 40.97 times that of HLQT and 4.35 times that of HHUT. The proposed scheme provides a more suitable framework for organizing and analyzing global geospatial data.

Zinovy Malkin , Santiago Belda, Sadegh Modiri 

We announce the detection of a new large jump in the phase of the free core nutation (FCN). This is only the second such large FCN phase jump in more than thirty years of FCN monitoring by means of a very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) technique. The new event was revealed and confirmed by analyzing two FCN models derived from a long-time series of VLBI observations. The jump started in 2021 and is expected to last until the late fall of 2022. The amplitude of the phase jump is expected to be approximately 3 rad, which is as much as 1.5 times larger than the first phase jump in 1999–2000. A connection of the new FCN phase jump with the recent geomagnetic jerk started in 2020 is suggested.

Romola V. Thumbadoo, D. R. Fraser Taylor

Indigenous mapping is rapidly entering the domain of cartography, and digital technology is facilitating the engagement of communities, particularly Indigenous communities, in order to map their own locational stories, histories, cultural heritage, and environmental and political priorities [...]

Tianjie Zhao, Michael H. Cosh, Alexandre Roy et al.

Chathura Wickramasinghe, Luke Wallace, Karin Reinke et al.

The AHI-FSA (Advanced Himawari Imager - Fire Surveillance Algorithm) is a recently developed algorithm designed to support wildfire surveillance and mapping using the geostationary Himawari-8 satellite. At present, the AHI-FSA algorithm has only been tested on a number of case study fires in Western Australia. Initial results demonstrate potential as a wildfire surveillance algorithm providing high frequency (every 10 minutes), multi-resolution fire-line detections. This paper intercompares AHI-FSA across the Northern Territory of Australia (1.4 million km2) over a ten-day period with the well-established fire products from LEO (Low Earth Orbiting) satellites: MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) and VIIRS (Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite). This paper also discusses the difficulties and solutions when comparing high temporal frequency fire products with existing low temporal resolution LEO satellite products. The results indicate that the multi-resolution approach developed for AHI-FSA is successful in mapping fire activity at 500 m. When compared to the MODIS, daily AHI-FSA omission error was only 7%. High temporal frequency data also results in AHI-FSA observing fires, at times, three hours before the MODIS overpass with much-enhanced detail on fire movement.

Éric Leclerc

The creation of Amaravati, a new capital in Andhra Pradesh, is an opportunity to test new forms of citizen participation. The “People’s Capital” will be one of India’s 100 new smart cities using ICT to promote e-governance. The challenge is to flip the top-down approach, government to the people, (e-government) into a bottom-up (citizen to government) situation with citizens (e-governance) using Web 2.0. The structural analysis of networks of actors using the Web reveals weak citizen participation in the current phase of construction.

Najum Juma, Nelly Babere

Land use development and transformation in informal settlements have been taking place because informal settlements have been alternative way of providing affordable housing to low income people. Many governments use strict regulations to deny informal settlements from infrastructure services but in Tanzania informal settlements are provided with such services. This paper presents the findings on how land use transformation is taking place and publicly used spaces disappear overtime in the informal settlements, the context behind and their outcomes. Based on field observation and mapping process, the study analyzed the process and different types of land use transformation which were horizontal, vertical and horizontal-vertical. Also through interviews, observation and documentary review, the study identified context and outcomes of the transformation process. Factors contributed to land use transformation in the study area were socio-economic and spatial factors and outcomes were socio-economic, environmental and spatial outcomes. 

Mingjie Song, Dongmei Chen

Multi-objective land allocation (MOLA) can be regarded as a spatial optimization problem that allocates appropriate use to certain land units subjecting to multiple objectives and constraints. This article develops an improved knowledge-informed non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) for solving the MOLA problem by integrating the patch-based, edge growing/decreasing, neighborhood, and constraint steering rules. By applying both the classical and the knowledge-informed NSGA-II to a simulated planning area of 30 × 30 grid, we find that: when compared to the classical NSGA-II, the knowledge-informed NSGA-II consistently produces solutions much closer to the true Pareto front within shorter computation time without sacrificing the solution diversity; the knowledge-informed NSGA-II is more effective and more efficient in encouraging compact land allocation; the solutions produced by the knowledge-informed have less scattered/isolated land units and provide a good compromise between construction sprawl and conservation land protection. The better performance proves that knowledge-informed NSGA-II is a more reasonable and desirable approach in the planning context.

J. Markiewicz, P. Podlasiak, M. Kowalczyk et al.

Camera calibration is one of the basic photogrammetric tasks responsible for the quality of processed products. The majority of calibration is performed with a specially designed test field or during the self-calibration process. The research presented in this paper aims to answer the question of whether it is necessary to use control points designed in the standard way for determination of camera interior orientation parameters. Data from close-range laser scanning can be used as an alternative. The experiments shown in this work demonstrate the potential of laser measurements, since the number of points that may be involved in the calculation is much larger than that of commonly used ground control points. The problem which still exists is the correct and automatic identification of object details in the image, taken with a tested camera, as well as in the data set registered with the laser scanner.

Sergio Ricardo Ribas Sass, Amilton Amorim, Milton Hirozaku Shimabukuro et al.

Base de Dados na gestão pública é um recurso computacional que precisa ser administrado com a mesma importância de um ativo financeiro de uma organização, pois dá suporte à qualidade de suas operações. Com o grande crescimento da quantidade de dados armazenados nessas bases, os gestores passaram a depender não só dos dados, mas também de informações e conhecimentos extraídos desses dados como suporte no processo de tomada de decisão. O Cadastro Territorial Multifinalitário (CTM) é a ferramenta que gerencia os dados da organização pública, e juntamente com ele, para extrair informações desses dados, tecnologias e técnicas computacionais se tornam grandes aliadas, como Data Warehouse (DW) e Mineração de Dados (Data Mining DM). Esse artigo discute brevemente a tecnologia de DM dentro do processo de Descoberta de Conhecimento em Bases de Dados (Knowledge Discovery in database KDD), e, aliado ao CTM, mostra os resultados de um experimento a partir de dados coletados e armazenados em diferentes anos para a cidade de Ribeirão dos índios-SP.

S. Axon, J. Speake, Kevin Crawford

Thiago Ranniery Moreira de Oliveira, M. Paraíso

Listening to Gilles Deleuze's philosophical universe and his partnership with Felix Guattari and recording cartography possibilities as a research method in education are the main aims of this article. It is in the work on the lines, where the metamorphosis of life is at stake, that cartography is done. Cartography is related to creation and invention when thinking of a research on the multiplicities that generate multiplicities. Drawing lines, mapping territories, monitoring movements of desterritorialization, and promoting escape routes are some of the procedures that this study intends to register as research opportunities in education. By discussing the productivity of the choreography of the unrest, we have outlined four movements which we called: gypsy looks, wedding night, paint a picture, lines dancers.

Antonio Casoria, Gianluca Marucco, Antonio Defina et al.

Il progetto SafePort, sviluppato all’interno del 7° Programma Quadro promosso dalla Unione Europea con la supervisione di European GNSS Agency (GSA) che segue tutti i programmi applicativi inerenti ai sistemi GNSS europei, Galileo ed EGNOS, ha l’obbiettivo di migliorare la capacità recettiva dei porti europei, aumentando al contempo la sicurezza delle operazioni di navigazione, di attracco e di ormeggio. The EGNOS system to support safe navigation in ports: the project SafePORT SafePORT The project, developed within the 7 th Framework Programme  sponsored  by  European  Union  under  the  super-vision of European GNSS Agency (GSA), which follows all ap-plications relating to the European GNSS systems, Galileo and EGNOS, has the aim to improve receptive capacity of Europe-an ports, while increasing the safety of operations, navigation, docking and mooring.

David Cooper, G. Priestnall

M. Konečný, W. Cartwright