The globalization of markets, coupled with digital convergence and the rapid expansion of the translation sector over the last two decades, has significantly transformed the professional translation market. Once an artisanal profession, translation has evolved into a structured industrial sector, shaped by technological advancements and the integration of machine translation post-editing (MTPE). Although MTPE is now widespread in the translation industry, its impact on translation project management (TPM) remains largely understudied—especially in terms of how project managers incorporate this service into their workflows. This study investigates how MTPE affects project managers’ practices in Spain, where research on TPM processes is limited. Through an online survey of 61 project managers, the study examined their experience with MTPE integration, focusing on service implementation, quality assurance (QA) procedures, and perceived workload changes. The findings provide insights into how project managers navigate these changes and contribute to redefining professional practices within the translation sector. Consequently, even as MTPE becomes a standard service within TPM, there is still a clear need for standardized QA procedures and specialized project manager training to manage MTPE projects effectively.
Business communication. Including business report writing, business correspondence
Translation poses a challenge to copyright laws, which extend protection to works based on the originality of expression rather than the ideas expressed, because translations convey the ideas of the original in a different language and therefore also use different expressions. Technologization of translation has further increased this complexity, as tools such as translation memories and machine translation and post-editing practices are starting to also emerge in literary translation, calling for a more detailed investigation of the literary post-editor’s role and ownership of the text. Post-editing of machine-translated output could give rise to copyright protection, but this depends on the level of intervention and whether the post-edited translation is deemed sufficiently original. This article aims to investigate questions of originality, creativity and textual ownership in literary post-editing. We examine two cases where a literary text was machine translated, post-edited and then published. Our research materials consist of the peritexts surrounding the published translations and three epitexts: one publisher’s website, a research article written by one of the post-editors to describe the experience, and an interview with the other post-editor. Through a qualitative content analysis of these materials, we examine how they reflect the post-editors’ approach to post-editing, personal input in the process and textual ownership of the post-edited target text. The findings suggest that the two post-editors have different approaches to post-editing, leading them to differing perceptions of their own creative input and relationship with the final text.
Business communication. Including business report writing, business correspondence
COVID-19 emerged at the end of 2019 in Wuhan, China, and spread rapidly around the world causing many deaths. Due to the intercontinental escalation in the epidemic, while WHO declared a pandemic on March 11, 2020, our country?s first case was diagnosed. Before this, the MoH established the Operations Center against possible risks regarding the Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Plan on January 10, 2020 and formed the Scientific Committee, which has a critical importance in epidemic management. National and Provincial Pandemic Coordination Boards were established within the scope of this plan. Fast, effective and frequently updated decisions were implemented. The epidemic was kept under control by stopping mutual flights to countries with cases, intermittent curfews, transportation restrictions, closure of schools, filiation, social isolation, use of PPE, social media communication, and intensive work of healthcare workers. Softwares were developed for analysis and data reporting, case and contact tracing. Various mobile applications were developed providing a safe social life in social areas and enabling filiation teams to intervene in the necessary areas in the fastest way and to record data instantly in the system. Prior to normalization process, "COVID-19 Epidemic Management and Working Guide" was prepared including epidemic measures for social life, institutions, organizations, and businesses. Variants of concern, recommended by WHO to be monitored, led to an increase in the number of cases around the world. In our country, the number of laboratories and tests were expanded to monitor variant viruses. Vaccination activities continue in line with the National Vaccine Administration Strategy. In the fight against pandemic, it will be possible to maintain and increase our country?s acquisitions so far, owing to the strong health infrastructure both in terms of manpower and institutions, free health care, success in the production of PPE and medical devices, and finally, rapid acceleration of the vaccination.
In this issue the exploration of articles across the SAGE publications looks at different facets of business and professional communication education, research into market intelligence and market researchers’ usage of technology, design-thinking, and the development of entrepreneurship in small cities. Also, and what I expect to be a recurring theme in forthcoming research articles, I look at articles that investigate or compare different business and management factors to the responses to the recent Covid pandemic. Such a global health crisis with its impact on societies, politics, cultures, and individuals will be studied and dissected for years to come. Generally, I try not to delve into too much detail on these articles, but I do try to highlight elements that either interest me or that connect to the use of business information, or how the articles connects to business librarians and information professionals. My hope is that these broad-stroke summaries will spark an interest in going to read the actual articles. In the first article from the Business and Professional Communication Quarterly by Lentz et al. (2020), the authors investigate different factors that impact business and professional communication instructors focusing on teaching, job satisfaction, salary, rank, promotion, administrative support, student concerns and several others. The research was to identify specific, common areas of need; areas of diverse needs; gather data for improving the academic environment; articulate steps for advocating for healthy teaching environments; and to learn what ABC (Association for Business Communication), the professional organization, can do to advocate for those who teach business and professional communication. A survey was sent to members of ABC to gather input on these issues. The results reported on the students’ issues, general support, workplace factors, and resources. Key factors included concern about students’ mental wellbeing, and their general lack of preparedness for such a course. Support comes predominantly from colleagues and department heads, less so from deans. The amount of grading, number of classes and size of classes are all issues of concern from the respondents. The consensus was that instructors had enough resources to do their job. The study identified some of the demographic characteristics of the respondents, their perceived areas of strength and need, and ways ABC could support those strengths and needs. I found many elements of this research relatable to the librarian profession. There were definite commonalities with their perceptions of support and student preparedness. Also, the overall importance and relevance of the work they do; with the provision of teaching a necessary set of skills that is applicable in many situations is very similar to business librarians teaching business research skills. The differing levels of support are another similar factor that we share as we deal with a variety of constituents that support or ignore us. The second article from the same journal and issue by Moshiri and Cardon (2020) focused specifically on a survey collecting a variety of factors and demographics related to business communication courses. The factors included course sponsorship, positioning, delivery, outlook, social media and technology coverage, diversity, and critical thinking. Most interesting are the assignments: business writing, business presentations, corporate communications, ethics, research papers, corporate social responsibility, proposal and grant writing, crisis management, and others. Generally, these types of assignments are very informationintensive. The results of the survey showed that diversity coverage is lacking within the courses while critical thinking is included significantly throughout the assignments. Specific elements with the assignments include ‘recognizing important relationships among various pieces of information’, ‘solving problems’, ‘evaluating evidence of authority’, ‘deducing conclusions from information or data provided’, ‘making correct inferences from data’, and ‘interpreting whether conclusions are warranted based on given data’. There is a connection between the ability to seek and use information and the ability to present it effectively. It is these types of assignments that make collaborating with business communication instructors a valuable partnership for librarians. I expect that we will see many research articles like these next two in the coming months and years as
The evolution of exchange rates results from events that affect different countries differently, that is, asymmetric shocks. Being value ratios, exchange rates constitute what is known as compositional data. The compositional data analysis methodology transforms exchange rates in a way that ensures the validity of their subsequent statistical analysis. In this paper we submit the daily exchange rates of the US dollar, the yen, the pound sterling, the euro, the Brazilian real, and the yuan to transformation by centred log-ratios. We then use the residuals from a Box-Jenkins analysis to estimate shocks and represent them in statistical control charts for a simple visual identification of both significant revaluations and devaluations, and periods of greatest volatility, which we then relate to news stories in the written press.
Finance, Business communication. Including business report writing, business correspondence
Ruth Alejandra Patiño Jacinto , Samuel David Burgos Rolón , Angela Natalia Preciado Velandia
et al.
This paper arises from the concern to review the difficulties and complexities in the application of the concept of fair value, given that in some economies, such as Latin American ones, in some cases there are not active markets for the valuation of certain items. This leads to the obligation of using other techniques than the market value where additional data and tools are needed, which may have a cost and technical preparation requirement that companies may not have, in addition to discussions regarding reliability and the impact on the information that arises from these techniques. The article is carried out under the systematic review method, with the objective of determining whether proposals for solving problems have recently been generated or new problems associated with the issue of fair value emerge. From the review, the following categories were identified: concepts, critical analysis of the concept of fair value, the relationship of fair value with audit, disclosures and some case studies of the application of fair value in different environments. It was concluded that the problems are still valid, especially in emerging economies where there is no possibility of taking measurements in active markets and therefore must resort to other techniques which generates uncertainty regarding the reliability of the information.
Business communication. Including business report writing, business correspondence
The Internet and social networking sites have provided many benefits to its users, because of its ability to connect large number of users all over the world; it is used as a marketing tool to promote different goods and services, including fashion. This study aimed to reveal the impact of social networking sites and their applications, e-word of mouth and e-reference groups in particular, on the epurchasing process of fashion products. This process undergoes five consecutive stages (need recognition, information search, alternatives’ evaluation, e-purchasing, post-purchasing evaluation). In order to achieve the objectives of this study, analytical descriptive method was used and quantitative approach utilizing survey strategy was applied to test the three main hypotheses developed based on the literature review. Questionnaire was developed based on the previous studies and electronically distributed to a connivance sample of 601 online fashion buyers who have active Facebook accounts. 427 filtered and screened questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS. Descriptive analyses and regression analyses were performed to describe and test the hypotheses. The study found that the e reference groups have slightly stronger impact on e-purchasing process in the fashion sector compared to e-word of mouth. The study recommended that e-stores should pay attention to consumers' experience to ensure positive feedback on social networking sites, and to the quality of information offered on fashion products. Recommendations for future research are provided. Corresponding author: Ghaith M. Al Abdallah Email addresses for corresponding author: ghaith.abdallah@yahoo.com First submission received: 23rd March 2018 Revised submission received: 26th May 2018 Accepted: 24th July 2018 1.0 Research Background By the end of 2016, the number of Internet users in Jordan exceeded 3.4 million who use different internet-based service technologies (Internetlivestats, 2016). This number form around 45.7% from the total population of the country (Internetlivestats, 2016). The internet advantages in improving marketing process due to its low cost, speed, flexibility and effectiveness in contacting the targeted consumers encouraged the companies to connect their traditional promotional methods with the online ones, creating their own model of e-marketing. However, and despite the remarkable penetration rate of internet in the Arab countries in general and Jordan in particular, the level of internet usage for “e-purchase” in the developed countries is significantly higher than the level found in the Arab countries. For instance, the number of online buyers in Jordan was less than 1.6 million in 2015, not to mention that most purchases were for really small values. The fashion sector is one of the most important and most active sectors for ecommerce worldwide. However, only 352 Thousand of online buyers in Jordan bought fashion products in 2015, forming around 22% of the total number of online buyers in Jordan (Befort, 2015). Such numbers raise serious questions about the reasons behind such discrepancies and what affect the decision-making process and the e-purchasing process. Marketing has always been a social experience; therefore, the social networks help customers to interact with each other, even if they do not know the others in person, creating virtual connections and relationships (Pookulangaran et al., 2011). According to the Arab Social Media Report (2015), users’ perceptions across the Arab world showed that around 44% trust social networking sites, the decision to Journal of Business and Retail Management Research (JBRMR), Vol. 13 Issue 2 December 2018 www.jbrmr.com A Journal of the Academy of Business and Retail Management (ABRM) 37 buy and discuss personal experiences can affect the consumers' purchasing habits. The individual tends to benefit from the experiences of others about a specific product and thus influence their e-purchase decisions. In addition, around 39% of Internet users browse social networking sites to search for published information by other users about the products they are interested in (AIMIA, 2013). Therefore, it became necessary to investigate the scientific impact of social networking sites on consumers e-purchasing decision especially in the fashion sector as social networking sites are consider as the new platform for fashion “moda” and trends, with the emerging of what so called “Fashionistas” attracting different segments of consumers to such pages. 2.0 Literature Review 2.1 The Concept of Social Networking Sites According to Curran et al. (2014) Social networking sites have witnessed significant developments since the 1990s, where internet has become the social communication medium most people used and as part of their daily routine, this contributed to the radical transformations of human lives. Social networking can be interpreted as the available sites on the internet that allow users to communicate, dialogue and exchange ideas through their applications, which range from chat rooms, photo albums, to video share and personal posts. The most prominent examples of the social networking that exist today are Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, YouTube, LinkedIn and Google plus. They all involve the creation of a set of e-social identities that individuals or even institutions establish to improve personal and professional relationships (Debsi & Tahat, 2013). The number of social networking sites is estimated in millions and increases on daily basis. Facebook (king of social media) is the most popular site internationally and locally among the various social networking sites (ARABSIMS, 2015). At the end of 2015, the recorded statistics indicated that the active Facebook accounts in Jordan estimated at 4,100,000. However, it should be clear that some users have more than one Facebook account, some for personal use and some for business and marketing purposes only. 2.2 Electronic Word of Mouth Sowaydan (2011) defines the word of mouth as positive or negative feedback transferred to another consumer by a consumer as a result of a received product and service. The e-word of mouth has the same features of ads, but its quality is determined by the product information highlighted in the feedback, the way in which it was written and whether it has added useful information or not (Xiaofen & Yiling, 2009). The positive feedback from a comment, likes or sharing is important in reducing ambiguity about the displayed product and the degree of uncertainty that accompanies the purchasing decision (Gremler et al., 2001). The consumers are influenced by negative e-word of mouth more than the positive ones (Shahana & Dawn, 2007). Consumers in general, and in the fashion industry, usually ask others for help and advice on products to buy (Mauri & Minnazi, 2013). The importance of the e-word of mouth is transferred to all purchasing decision stages, according to Cheung and Lee (2012) the explosive growth of the Internet significantly increased the importance of e-word of mouth delivered to a large number of people around the world, which also made it possible for consumers to discuss and exchange opinions and reviews. 2.3 Electronic Reference Groups Reference groups can be defined as group of individuals that affect the personal behavior of people and direct them to certain paths (Obidat, 2004). According to Bakri (2006) reference groups are group of individuals that affect directly and indirectly the consumption attitudes and behaviors of people. Reference groups are what individuals refer to as standards and norms used to evaluate their own behavior, which can be classified into two main categories as follow: 2.3.1 Primary Groups Primary groups can be described as informal relatively small social groups that share intimate, personal, long lasting relationships among its members. Primary groups shared concern for one another as well and affect the attitudes and behaviors of its members. A good example of primary groups is nuclear family and close friends (Andersen et al., 2010; Bakri, 2006). Journal of Business and Retail Management Research (JBRMR), Vol. 13 Issue 2 December 2018 www.jbrmr.com A Journal of the Academy of Business and Retail Management (ABRM) 38 2.3.2 Secondary Groups Secondary groups can be defined as formal (and semi-formal) groups that affect the behavior of people. The members of secondary groups normally interact on a less personal level compared to the primary ones. Another difference between secondary and primary groups is the fact that normally individuals willingly choose to be part of the secondary groups. A good example of secondary groups is friends, neighborhoods, acquaintances, sports teams, professional colleagues, and official communities (Andersen et al., 2010; Bakri, 2006). 2.4 Stages of Consumer Decision Making Process Commonly, there are five stages in the process of purchasing, whether traditional or electronic. The stages can be summarized as follows: Need recognizing is the first stage, where the consumer feels there is a shortage or desire to cover something missing through the action of purchase (Kotler & Armstrong, 2012). The second stage is the information search, where the consumer starts up searching for all the information related to the available alternatives that might fulfill his need. The sources of information that the consumer depends on are either internal or external; mostly the family, friends, study and work colleagues in addition to the personal experience. The consumer is often interested in collecting information about the quality of the products, prices and best-selling places, in addition to the available methods of payment. The duration of this stage varies according to the characteristics and personality traits of the consumer (Kotler, 2011). The third stage will be the alternatives evaluation stage, where the consumer starts an assessment of all the available alternativ
Morales Bañuelos, Paula Beatriz, Smeke Zwaiman, Jorge, Huerta García, Luis
In accordance with Article 31, section IV, of the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States, it is established that it is the obligation of Mexicans to contribute to public expenditures, whether of the Federation, of the Federal District or of the State and Municipality in which Reside, in the proportional and equitable manner provided by the laws. It should also be noted that this precept is based on the fact that this obligation considers compliance based on the principles of generality, equity, obligations and transparency in the destination of public spending. However, when citizens perceive that their contributions do not comply with what is established in the regulations in question, there is a so-called tax evasion. Which in accordance with Camargo (2005), that concept is defined as the reduction of an amount of a tax produced within a country by those who are obliged to pay it do not, however, they do obtain benefits through a behaviour fraudulent. Based on this premise, the purpose of this study is to estimate in the best possible way the potential collection that could be obtained by the Federal Government, particularly from the payment of income tax by people who carry out transactions in the informal market, focusing on analysis on the citizens that are dedicated to the sale of merchandise in the markets on wheels, considering simultaneously the benefits that these people would obtain when paying this tribute. For this, 300 surveys were carried out, considering the answers, as well as the application of the Real Options methodology Trigeorgis y cols. (1996) and the Game Theory model (Mas-Colell, Whinston, Green y cols., 1995), the estimation of the collection by expanding the tax base and the benefits in monetary terms at the moment these people enter the formal market.
Finance, Business communication. Including business report writing, business correspondence
L’association belge de la communication interne (ABCI) a décidé en 2016, de réécrire son code de déontologie. Concevoir un document est une chose mais le faire accepter par ses utilisateurs en est une autre. Pour relever ce défi, l’ABCI a misé sur l’approche participative. Sur base de dix principes définis par le conseil d’administration, un groupe de réflexion, composé de cinq membres volontaires de l’association, s’attela à la rédaction d’un projet de charte. Ce dernier fut soumis à l’analyse critique de l’ensemble des membres de l’ABCI ainsi que d’un groupe d’étudiants en communication interne de l’université de Louvain. L’objectif poursuivi au travers de cette démarche visait non seulement à impliquer les professionnels de la communication dans l’élaboration du code mais aussi à répondre à leurs attentes. Les objections formulées permirent d’affiner le texte qui fut approuvé à l’unanimité en février 2017. Le code s’articule en deux parties : la mission et les six valeurs nécessaires à son exécution : intégrité, esprit de service, respect, orientation résultats, responsabilité et innovation.
Mots clés : déontologie, mission, participation, adhésion, implication, outil de gestion.
The Belgian Association for internal communication (ABCI) decided in 2016 to rewrite its code of ethics. Designing a document is one thing but getting it accepted by its users is another. To meet this challenge, the ABCI relied on the participatory approach. Based on 10 principles defined by the Board, a reflection group, consisting of five volunteer members of the association, started in the drafting of a charter. Subsequently, the latter was submitted to the critical analysis of all the members of the ABCI as well as a group of students in internal communication from the University of Louvain. The goal pursued through this approach was not only to involve communication professionals in the drafting of the code but to meet their expectations. The objections raised allowed to refine the text which was approved unanimously in February 2017. The code is divided into 2 parts: the mission and the six values for its execution, in this case: Integrity, service spirit, respect, results orientation, responsibility and innovation policy.
Key Words : ethics, mission, involvement, adhesion, commitment, management tool
Communication. Mass media, Business communication. Including business report writing, business correspondence
Previous grammars of the Russian language are written on the same methodological background and with the same purpose and may therefore be characterized in their entirety. It appears that they (1) are oriented towards the interpretive function, i.e. the hearer, (2) describe the different parts of the grammar in isolation without internal connection, (3) lack a contrastive element and finally (4) incorporate only written sources. In that respect previous grammars fail and cannot live up to what could be called modern standards. Against this background a new type of grammar is proposed -a grammar which (1) takes the speaker into consideration, (2) differentiates three types of “wrongness”, (3) views the Russian language as a specific member of a linguistic supertype which is opposed to two other supertypes, and (4) takes its starting point in speech production, i.e. in oral discourse. After a theoretical discussion several pieces of evidence will be presented in favour of such type of grammar.
Business communication. Including business report writing, business correspondence
Entretien avec Aurélie Valtat, Digital Strategist, Commission Européenne
Entretien conduit par Sandrine Roginsky, Professeure, Université catholique de Louvain
Aurélie Valtat est responsable de la communication digitale au Conseil de l’Union européenne, l’une des trois principales institutions de l’Union européenne. Elle est membre et ancienne présidente de l’IABC (International Association of Business Communicators). Titulaire d’un DEA en Sciences politiques, elle a essentiellement travaillé dans les organisations internationales, où elle s’est formée à la communication numérique.
Communication. Mass media, Business communication. Including business report writing, business correspondence
As an alternative approach to web preproduction, I propose the use of concept maps for invention of website projects in business and professional writing courses. This mapping device approximates our students’ initial site plans since rough ideas are formed based on a substantial exploratory technique. Incorporated in various disciplines, the construction of concept maps leads to better flowcharts and more structured wireframes for web development.
The present paper proposes to explore the boundaries of Teaching Through English by discussing situations where English meets other languages within the teaching and learning situation and in the surrounding environment. In contrast to the view that the English language is taking over whole areas of society in a process of domain loss, the paper shows that even within officially English medium study programmes there is a certain scope for multilingual practices. Through looking in more detail at actual language use in a range of communicative situations within the study environment, the paper seeks to build a more detailed understanding of what constitutes a sociolinguistic domain, and where its boundaries are. The paper is based on a case study of an English medium MSc programme at a Norwegian university.
Business communication. Including business report writing, business correspondence