Hasil untuk "America"

W. Powers, C. Derdeyn, J. Biller et al.

A. Kendall, C. Morgan, Janusz Wnek et al.

B. Edwards, A. Noone, A. Mariotto et al.

C. DeSantis, Jiemin Ma, Leah N. Bryan et al.

In this article, the American Cancer Society provides an overview of female breast cancer statistics in the United States, including data on incidence, mortality, survival, and screening. Approximately 232,340 new cases of invasive breast cancer and 39,620 breast cancer deaths are expected to occur among US women in 2013. One in 8 women in the United States will develop breast cancer in her lifetime. Breast cancer incidence rates increased slightly among African American women; decreased among Hispanic women; and were stable among whites, Asian Americans/Pacific Islanders, and American Indians/Alaska Natives from 2006 to 2010. Historically, white women have had the highest breast cancer incidence rates among women aged 40 years and older; however, incidence rates are converging among white and African American women, particularly among women aged 50 years to 59 years. Incidence rates increased for estrogen receptor‐positive breast cancers in the youngest white women, Hispanic women aged 60 years to 69 years, and all but the oldest African American women. In contrast, estrogen receptor‐negative breast cancers declined among most age and racial/ethnic groups. These divergent trends may reflect etiologic heterogeneity and the differing effects of some factors, such as obesity and parity, on risk by tumor subtype. Since 1990, breast cancer death rates have dropped by 34% and this decrease was evident in all racial/ethnic groups except American Indians/Alaska Natives. Nevertheless, survival disparities persist by race/ethnicity, with African American women having the poorest breast cancer survival of any racial/ethnic group. Continued progress in the control of breast cancer will require sustained and increased efforts to provide high‐quality screening, diagnosis, and treatment to all segments of the population. CA Cancer J Clin 2014;64:52–62. © 2013 American Cancer Society, Inc.

R. Eckel, J. Jakicic, J. Ard et al.

Preamble and Transition to ACC/AHA Guidelines to The goals of the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the American Heart Association (AHA) are to prevent cardiovascular diseases (CVDs); improve the management …

V. Roger, A. Go, D. Lloyd‐Jones et al.

N. Chalasani, Z. Younossi, J. Lavine et al.

C. O. Fritz, P. Morris, Jennifer J. Richler

S. O’Keefe, Jia V. Li, L. Lahti et al.

Rates of colon cancer are much higher in African Americans (65:100,000) than in rural South Africans (<5:100,000). The higher rates are associated with higher animal protein and fat, and lower fibre consumption, higher colonic secondary bile acids, lower colonic short-chain fatty acid quantities and higher mucosal proliferative biomarkers of cancer risk in otherwise healthy middle-aged volunteers. Here we investigate further the role of fat and fibre in this association. We performed 2-week food exchanges in subjects from the same populations, where African Americans were fed a high-fibre, low-fat African-style diet and rural Africans a high-fat, low-fibre western-style diet, under close supervision. In comparison with their usual diets, the food changes resulted in remarkable reciprocal changes in mucosal biomarkers of cancer risk and in aspects of the microbiota and metabolome known to affect cancer risk, best illustrated by increased saccharolytic fermentation and butyrogenesis, and suppressed secondary bile acid synthesis in the African Americans. African Americans have much higher colon cancer rates than rural South Africans, which is associated with dietary and metabolic differences. Here, O’Keefe et al.show that switching quantities of fat and fibre leads to reciprocal changes in gut microbiota, metabolites and cancer biomarkers.

J. Bruix, M. Sherman

Since the publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) practice guidelines on the management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in 2005, new information has emerged that requires that the guidelines be updated. The full version of the new guidelines is available on the AASLD Web site at http://www.aasld.org/practiceguidelines/Documents/Bookmarkedp20Practice%20Guidelines/HCCUpdate2010.pdf. Here, we briefly describe only new or changed recommendations.

K. Desalvo, R. Olson, K. Casavale

D. Lloyd‐Jones, Yuling Hong, D. Labarthe et al.

F. Wolfe, D. Clauw, M. Fitzcharles et al.

R. Brook, S. Rajagopalan, C. Pope et al.

S. Edge, C. Compton

D. Aletaha, T. Neogi, A. Silman et al.

D. Bell

Procedure Appropriateness Category Relative Radiation Level Radiography area of interest Usually Appropriate Varies CT area of interest with IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate Varies CT area of interest without and with IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate Varies CT area of interest without IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate Varies MRI area of interest without and with IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate O MRI area of interest without IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate O Bone scan area of interest Usually Not Appropriate ☢☢☢ US area of interest Usually Not Appropriate O

April L. Few‐Demo, Valerie Q. Glass

K. Alberti, R. Eckel, S. Grundy et al.

D. Cooper, Gerard M Doherty, B. Haugen et al.