A growing body of research suggests that the contemporary media environment enables motivated reasoning, which intensifies affective polarization. This is especially the case in the U.S., where elections are capital-intensive and media are largely commercially owned. From a normative perspective, these commercial forces may interfere with authentic communication by hijacking the “lifeworld” and thus undermining the sincerity of our speech. From a psychological and empirical perspective, this means we are an affective public steeping in “hot cognitions” that unconsciously motivate us toward processing (mis)information in biased and distorted ways. This kind of cognitive limitation intensifies as current affairs heat up, but starts well before, as a function of media market boundaries aligning with human psychology. Through a synthetic literature review of theory and empirical research, this essay argues that “social identity complexity” may help to overcome some of the worst outcomes of motivated reasoning, pointing toward a developmental basis for more authentic communication in the public sphere.
Journalism. The periodical press, etc., Communication. Mass media
The ability of a business to be flexible and adapt to the realities of current conditions allows it to survive in difficult times. A communicator or SMM manager is behind all communications on behalf of a company or institution. On the one hand, this is a simple profession that does not require much effort; on the other hand, it is a rather complex position that requires a combination of versatile skills and abilities in one person. Sociocommunication and interdisciplinary approaches are represented in the presented research. General scientific methods such as induction, deduction, analysis, and synthesis contributed to the holistic study of the research topic. The research subject was revealed using the descriptive method, and the main problem was outlined. The survey demonstrates the inconsistency of remuneration of SMM managers concerning the expected demands from the employer. The imbalance in the Ukrainian communication market among SMM managers existed at the gender, age, and regional levels during wartime. The study results showed that managers should understand the algorithms and specifics of each social network in the same way as the importance of engaging in communication on behalf of the brand or organization of all employees, not just the SMM manager.
Digitization of the economy, challenges of wartime, inflated requirements of employers to candidates complicate the working conditions of SMM managers. Workers have to combine very different skills and abilities, but they do not receive the corresponding level of wages. Further scientific research can be related to the search for models for improving the functions and methods of work of an SMM manager as an employee in an organization or institution in order to improve the efficiency of such an employee and establish a decent salary.
The prospect of further research consists of finding related problems with communications in various areas in other regions of Ukraine. To improve efficiency, you should review the requirements for candidates and redistribute them according to salary, forming new approaches to the work of SMM managers as employees.
Journalism. The periodical press, etc., Communication. Mass media
Rzetelność mediów coraz częściej stanowi obiekt zainteresowań nie tylko medioznawców, lecz także badaczy innych dziedzin, chociażby nauk politycznych. Zmiany w nawykach użytkowników oraz technologiczne przeobrażenia samych mediów sprawiają, że problem ten staje się coraz bardziej palący. Artykuł prezentuje wyniki badań pracowni CAST, która zajmuje się analizą przekazów telewizyjnych i sposobów ich konstruowania.
ABSTRACT
It Is Not Good but It Will Be Worse – The Reliability of Media Coverage in the Light of Research Results
Media reliability is concerning not only media experts but also other researchers, including political scientists. Advances in technology and the changing habits of media users make this issue increasingly urgent. The article presents the research results conducted by the CAST lab, which focuses on TV broadcasts narratives and their construction.
Journalism. The periodical press, etc., Communication. Mass media
Aditya Sinha, Ranjeet Kumar, Ramanuj Vishwakarma
et al.
The spread of misinformation and fake news with the advent of social media is widespread to influence public opinion. A lack of common consensus between the journalists, media houses and social media companies on combating disinformation is causing distrust and scope for pessimism. The current research was conducted in the Indian context adopting mixed methods research to find out the roles and responsibilities of journalists and media houses in combating disinformation along with the effect of social media and advanced technologies in the changing scenario. The results revealed that journalists demanded more access to audience and providing a platform for practicing ethical journalism. Secondly, the effect of social media on journalism was considered as a net positive with no escape from the same in this digital era. Thirdly, an upgrade of skills related to tackling misinformation with technology was felt by the journalists. The paper provides the intricacies of journalism practice in the changing world for a better future..
Communication. Mass media, Journalism. The periodical press, etc.
Whistleblowers and journalists are key democratic actors who are both concerned with the exposure of wrongdoing in corporations, organizations, and governments. For that reason, they often collaborate to bring incriminating information to public knowledge. In the standard account, the whistleblower initiates the contact to journalists who eventually publish the story. Based on a sample of 16 whistleblower cases, the paper shows that the reality of this relationship is more complex than the standard account suggests. The empirical material documents four different trajectories through which whistleblower information reaches the public sphere, only one of which conforms to the standard account. The paper explains the variation based on a theoretical framework, which highlights the main similarities and differences between whistleblowers and journalists. Seen from the perspective of whistleblowers the relationship is double-sided. On the one hand, engaging with the press entails considerable asymmetry and uncertainty for whistleblowers who do not always know the exact motives of journalists just as they enter the relationship from a much more precarious and unstable position. Whistleblowers are also wary of collaborating with the press because it entails a radical loss of privacy as the story breaks in the public sphere. On the other hand, interacting with the press can offer vital legitimacy, protection, and professional resources for vulnerable whistleblowers. Existing work on this core relationship in democracy is surprisingly small and undertheorized. The paper contributes to the debate by offering a theoretically and empirically grounded typology of the whistleblower-journalism nexus.
The academic field of communication has primarily studied media communication processes. This article claims the need to investigate the interpersonal and inter subjective aspects of communication. Firstly, three classical theories are presented: Symbolic Interactionism, Phenomenological Sociology, and the theory of Communicative Action. All are about understanding inter subjective communication and how it is distinguished from interpersonal communication. Secondly, the article argues for the emotional and affective dimension to be incorporated into communication studies. This starts with the articulation between the body, communication, and emotions. The presentation of these elements is based on proposals by Goffman, Bourdieu, MerleauPonty, and Collins. This article concludes with some methodological ideas about how to investigate intersubjective communication, and presents some challenges that should be considered in this sub-field of communication studies.
Communication. Mass media, Journalism. The periodical press, etc.
Tarihin her döneminde "gerçeküstü" olana ilgi gösterilmiştir. Bilimsel bilgi öncesinde, hurafeler zamanında bu durum makul kabul edilebilir. Bununla birlikte sanayi devrimini takip eden süreçte yerleşen bilimsel bilgi anlayışına ve bilginin tabana yayılmasını sağlayan kitle iletişim araçlarına rağmen gerçeküstüye olan ilginin son yıllarda artması incelemeye değer bir toplumsal olgudur. Araştırmanın amacı, medyanın antik Maya uygarlığının kullandığı takvimden yola çıkarak bilimsel temelden ve gerçeklik bağlamından uzak, "gerçeküstü" bir temsil sergilediğini ortaya koymaktır. Örnekleme dahil olan haberler çerçeveleme yaklaşımı ile değerlendirilecektir. Mayaların takvimi konusu ile ilgili tarih, arkeoloji, antropoloji bilimlerinin ortaya koyduğu bilimsel bilgi yerine bilimsel dayanağı olmayan veriler üzerinden nasıl bir temsil oluşturulduğu saptanacaktır. Haberin başlığı, alt başlık ve üst başlıkları, spotu ve kullanılan görselleri ile nasıl bir çerçevede okura sunulduğu tespit edilecektir. Çerçeveleme yaklaşımına ek olarak haber metinlerinin dil üzerinden bilimsel bağlamdan ne şekilde uzaklaştığını ortaya koymak üzere söylem analizinden yararlanılacaktır. Böylece haberin nasıl "gizemli" ve "gerçeküstü" bir dil ile kurgulanarak okura aktarıldığı ortaya konulacaktır. Araştırmada kıyametin kopacağı yıl olduğu iddia edilen 2012'de yayınlanan Hürriyet, Habertürk ve Milliyet gazetelerinin internet sitelerindeki haber metinlerinin tamamı incelenmiştir. Ancak makalenin sınırlılığı göz önünde bulundurularak burada 18 adet habere yer verilmiştir. Tüm haberlerin analizine ilişkin bulgular sonuç kısmında aktarılmıştır.
Journalistic Performance in Sports Coverage: A Comparative Study of Television, Radio, Press, and Online Media in Chile
A performance jornalística na cobertura esportiva: um estudo comparado de televisão, rádio, imprensa impressa e meios on-line no Chile
Tradicionalmente se ha cuestionado el periodismo deportivo, acusándolo de falta de rigor, escasa capacidad crítica con las fuentes y de ignorar los conflictos sociales. Este artículo busca establecer si existen diferencias en las características de la cobertura noticiosa que realizan las secciones de deportes y la que efectúan otras secciones de los medios, evaluando aspectos como cantidad de fuentes, diversidad de puntos de vista y entrega de información verificable. Además, se indaga si existen diferencias en la presencia de los roles profesionales (intervencionista, vigilante, leal, servicio, infoentretenimiento y cívico) en las noticias de la secciones de deportes y las generadas por otras áreas. Utilizando como metodología de investigación un análisis de contenido de noticias realizado en Chile (n = 2,118), durante 2015 en prensa escrita, online, televisión y radio, este estudio comparó las características de la cobertura dada a las noticias de la sección de deportes con las notas publicadas en otros frentes informativos. Los resultados tienden a confirmar las miradas más críticas sobre el periodismo deportivo y muestran que, en comparación con las noticias de política, el número de fuentes que se consulta, la diversidad de puntos de vista que se muestran y la cantidad de información verificable que recibe la audiencia son menores. Respecto de la presencia de los roles profesionales, se observa que, en comparación con otras secciones, las noticias deportivas incluyen con mayor frecuencia roles relacionados con la entrega de opiniones de los periodistas que expresan una mirada positiva de las fuentes.
Para citar este artículo / to reference this article / para citar este artigo
Scherman, A. y Mellado, C. (2019). La performance periodística en la cobertura deportiva: un estudio comparado de televisión, radio, prensa impresa y medios online en Chile. Palabra Clave, 22(3), e2238. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5294/pacla.2019.22.3.8
Recibido: 14/03/2018
Aceptado: 21/09/2018
Communication. Mass media, Journalism. The periodical press, etc.
“La primera proyección de una película sucede en la imaginación del director, mientras lee el guion que sostiene en sus manos” (p. 9); con esta frase inicia Antonio Sánchez-Escalonilla su libro; y bien se puede sostener que esa afirmación condensa la idea central del autor: un buen guion de ficción debe ser capaz de evocar imágenes en la mente del lector, y un buen lector de guiones debe saber extraer del texto todo su potencial visual.
Communication. Mass media, Journalism. The periodical press, etc.
Miguel Ángel Nicolás Ojeda, Esther Martínez Pastor, Almudena García Manso
Este estudio analiza la publicidad de juguetes emitida en España durante el periodo de Navidad 2014/15 con la finalidad de iniciar una revisión cuantitativa de la representación de la familia en los anuncios. En su primera parte revisa los conceptos de infancia y niñez, los relaciona con el concepto de socialización y presenta un breve análisis del fenómeno publicitario. Los resultados evalúan la presencia de los tipos de emociones, valores y acciones asociados al género de los personajes y cuantifica la frecuencia de aparición de padres y abuelos en los anuncios de juguetes dirigidos a niños. La baja presencia de estos establece una discusión acerca del rol de dichos personajes como figuras de referencia y autoridad necesarias en el desarrollo infantil. También se plantea una reflexión final sobre la homogeneidad de las representaciones de los géneros asociadas a los roles de los personajes, tanto de adultos como niños. Finalmente se justifica el interés por ampliar el estudio hacia un escenario internacional, que permita comprobar los grados de similitud y contraste en dichas representaciones como forma de contribuir a la comprensión y visualización de la familia en los discursos publicitarios.
Communication. Mass media, Journalism. The periodical press, etc.
El estudio se centra en el análisis crítico, pormenorizado y comparado de la información publicada por los diarios ABC, El Mundo y El País, sobre la ley del aborto impulsada por el Gobierno presidido por José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, materializada en la Ley Orgánica 2/2010, de 3 de marzo, de salud sexual y reproductiva y de la interrupción voluntaria del embarazo, conocida como “Ley Aído”, desde sus primeros anuncios en 2004 hasta su aprobación final en 2010. Este trabajo propone abrir el debate sobre el cambio de estructura o marco mental en torno al tema abordado y plantear la necesidad de definir un modelo responsable de información social, concretamente de información sobre el aborto.
Communication. Mass media, Journalism. The periodical press, etc.
Бүгінде БАҚ-тың дәстүрлі жүйесі өзгерді. Қaзіргі гaзеттер, рaдио, телекөрсетілім және Интернет жaқындaсу пaйдa болaтын мультимедиaлық ортaдa қызмет етеді. Мұндa хaбaр жүргізу әдісі ретіндегі компьютерлік техникa мен компьютерлік желілердің дaмуы мен өрлеуіне бaйлaнысты БАҚ өнімін жaсaйтын технология деңгейі кез келген творчестволық идеяны жүзеге aсыруғa мүмкіндік береді.
Kitle iletişim araçlarının işlevlerini haber alma, haber verme, propaganda, eğitim, eğlence, reklam yapma biçiminde sıralamak olasıdır. Böylelikle insanlar, belirli rolleri, değerleri, tutum ve davranışları kitle iletişim araçları yolu ile öğrenmekte ve düşünmeye güdülenmektedir. Kitle haberleşmesinin kazandığı çağdaş boyutlar görüntüyü habercilikte, ya da sınırlı anlamıyla gazetecilikte vazgeçilmez kılmıştır. Görüntüyü vazgeçilmez kılan bir neden de her dilden, her kültürden insanın okuyabileceği bir yazı niteliği taşımasındandır. Yazılı basında fotoğraf haber kavramının mahiyetini, anlamını ve özelliklerini en iyi açıklayan vitrinidir. Fotoğrafın kalitesi okuyucu üzerinde yaptığı etki ile ölçülür. İyi bir gazete fotoğrafı gerçeği söyler ve daha önemlisi bir öyküyü anlatır. Günümüzde fotoğraf makinesi ve basım teknolojisindeki ilerlemeler onu kullanan insanların temel becerilerindeki ilerlemeden daha hızlı olmaktadır.
شغلت قضايا المرأة مكاناً مرموقاً في البرامج والمشاريع الانمائية الدولية ومن بين أهداف الألفية الثالثة التي أعلنت في مؤتمر القمة العالمي المنعقد في عام 2000م فضلاً عن هدف تعليم الاطفال وتخفيض معدلات وفياتهم بجانب الهدف الرئيس للاعلان عن تخفيض مستوى الفقر الى النصف في العام 2015م.
ان تزايد الدول التي تبنت سياسات الديمقراطية والتحرر الاقتصادي والانفتاح الذي ادى الى تعاظم دور المرأة وتناميه ليتخذ أبعاداً وأشكالاً جديدة الأمر الذي أدى الذي نتج عنه أتساع اصدار الصحف النسوية وبروزها لتشكل حافزاً للمرأة في صنع القرار اذ ان الصحافة تساعد جمهورها في تشكيل آرائه حول القضاا المثارة فضلاً عن مساعدتهم في أكتساب معلومات جديدة تفيد النقاش .
La publicidad comportamental en línea es la apuesta del mercado publicitario al vertiginoso crecimiento de la industria en la red. La instalación y uso de las cookies en los dispositivos de los usuarios es lo que posibilita esta práctica comercial, pero, al mismo tiempo, pone en jaque derechos de los usuarios como el control de sus datos personales o su derecho a la intimidad. Las políticas europeas han respondido a esta controversia poniendo el acento en el principio del consentimiento previo (optin), sin embargo, las recientes iniciativas de autorregulación puestas en marcha por la industria e inspiradas por el planteamiento estadounidense, no parecen respetar del todo este principio. Resulta evidente la necesidad de un acuerdo y equilibrio ente los intereses públicos y privados implicados en este conflicto.
Communication. Mass media, Journalism. The periodical press, etc.
Reviews of: Rainbow Warrior Mon Amour: Trente ans de photos aux côtés de Greenpeace, by Pierre Gleizes. Paris: Glenart, 2011, 379 pp. ISBN 978-2723484558; Warriors of the Rainbow: A chronicle of the Greenpeace movement from 1971 to 1979, by Robert Hunter [40th anniversary edition]. Perth: Greenpeace and Freemantle Press, 2011, 451pp. ISBN 978-1921888809.
My dog-eared yellow-covered copy of the late Robert Hunter’s Warriors of the Rainbow still has pride of place among my bookshelves. It was inspirational in many respects before I embarked on Rainbow Warrior I’s journey to the Marshall Islands in May 1985 which led to the bombing in Auckland’s Waitemata Harbour two months later and my own book Eyes of Fire about that ill-fated humanitarian voyage, so very different from most Greenpeace campaigns.
Communication. Mass media, Journalism. The periodical press, etc.