The Sahel region faces a complex nexus of political instability and terrorism, with the former often exacerbating the latter. This research delves into the extent to which political turmoil and coups d'état contribute to the proliferation and resilience of terrorist groups in the Sahel. Beginning with an analysis of the relationship between political instability and terrorist group proliferation, the study examines how periods of governance vacuum and instability create fertile ground for extremist ideologies to take root. Drawing on historical data and case studies from countries such as Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger, the research highlights how political upheavals provide terrorist groups with opportunities for recruitment, funding, and operational expansion. Moreover, the study explores the role of external powers, such as France, and the United States, and regional organizations like the African Union and ECOWAS, in shaping the security landscape of the Sahel. It scrutinizes the effectiveness of foreign interventions, aid, and development programs in addressing the underlying socio-economic grievances that fuel terrorism. Furthermore, the research critically analyzes the humanitarian consequences of displacement and refugee crises resulting from terrorist activities and state responses. It underscores the importance of cross-border collaboration and regional security architecture, examining initiatives like the G5 Sahel Joint Force and the Lake Chad Basin Commission Multinational Joint Task Force in countering terrorism. By shedding light on the intricate dynamics between political instability and terrorism in the Sahel, this study aims to inform more targeted and effective strategies for countering extremism and promoting stability in the region.
Rábai Miklós, Fekete Krisztina, Habon Tamás
et al.
According to the new European cardiomyopathy guideline, the left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) is no longer classified as one of the cardiomyopathies. Based on the clinical data of a patient population diagnosed with LVNC, present writing tries to clarify the physical and clinical background of this pronounced morphological alteration of myocardium, plus considering the lack of the answers, several questions are asked regarding the future clinical care of the affected patients.
Attila Zsitnyányi, János Petrányi, Jácint Jónás
et al.
The reduction in the effective dose of evacuated injured persons through contaminated areas of nuclear accidents is an essential emergency services requirement. In this context, there appeared a need to develop a dose-optimised route finding method for firefighting rescue vehicles, which includes the development of a real-time decision support measurement and evaluation system. This determines and visualises the radiation exposure of possible routes in a tested area. The system inside and outside of the vehicle measures the ambient dose equivalent rate, the gamma spectra, and also the airborne radioactive aerosol and iodine levels. The method uses gamma radiation measuring NaI(Tl) scintillation detectors mounted on the outside of the vehicle, to determine the dose rate inside the vehicle using the previously recorded attenuation conversation function, while continuously collecting the air through a filter and using an alpha, beta, and gamma radiation measuring NaI(Tl)+ PVT + ZnS(Ag) scintillator to determine the activity concentration in the air, using these measured values to determine the effective dose for all routes and all kinds of vehicles. The energy-dependent shielding effect of the vehicle, the filtering efficiency of the collective protection equipment, and the vehicle’s speed and travel time were taken into account. The results were validated by using gamma point sources with different activity and energy levels. The measurement results under real conditions and available real accident data used in our simulations for three different vehicles and pedestrians proved the applicability of the system. During a nuclear accident based on our model calculations, the inhalation of radioactive aerosols causes a dose almost an order of magnitude higher than the external gamma radiation caused by the fallout contamination. The selection of the appropriate vehicle and its route is determined by the spectrum that can be measured at the accident site but especially by the radioactive aerosol concentration in the air that can be measured in the area. In the case of radiation measuring detectors, the shielding effect of the carrier vehicle must be taken into account, especially in the case of heavy shielding vehicles. The method provides an excellent opportunity to reduce the damage to the health of accident victims and first responders during rescue operations.
The ostracod assemblages from the Upper Permian and Permian-Triassic transitional strata of the Masore section in the External Dinarides (Slovenia) were studied. Altogether 13 genera and 20 species of the orders Palaeocopida, Platycopida and Podocopida are identified and illustrated. All recovered ostracods belong to shallow marine taxa. The older fauna from the uppermost Permian and the younger fauna from the Permian-Triassic boundary strata are distinguished. The obtained fauna from the Permian Bellerophon Formation corresponds to the “benthonic ostracod Eifelian Mega-assemblage” occupying the shelf sea floors. This study presents the first report of ostracod faunas from the uppermost Permian and Permian-Triassic boundary interval of Slovenia. The recovered ostracod fauna display a distinct faunal change and yield important paleobiogeographic implications as it reveals similarity with stratigraphical equivalent faunas from some other neighboring localities in the western Paleotethys, such as Bulla in Italy, Komirić in Serbia, and the Bükk Mountains in Hungary.
There has been an increase in ethical misconduct among employees of service organizations which has fostered the need for awareness about such ethical practices that may promote employees’ constructive behaviors. The current study aims to extend the work on Islamic work ethics by studying its impact on influencing employee voice behavior through the underlying link of employee felt obligation for constructive change. It is proposed that employee sanctification may further serve as a boundary condition and enhance the positive relationship between Islamic work ethics and felt obligation for constructive change. Data (n = 343) felt obligation for constructive change, and both dimensions of voice behavior were collected from employees working in the health sector of Pakistan in three-time lags through questionnaires. Results of the study supported the mediation of felt obligation for constructive change between Islamic work ethics and employee voice behavior. Employee sanctification moderates the relationship between Islamic work ethics and felt obligation for constructive change. The findings of the study provide theoretical and practical implications. Limitations of the research and future directions have also been discussed.
AbstractThe topology of the network of load transmitting connections plays an essential role in the cascading failure dynamics of complex systems driven by the redistribution of load after local breakdown events. In particular, as the network structure is gradually tuned from regular to completely random a transition occurs from the localized to mean field behavior of failure spreading. Based on finite size scaling in the fiber bundle model of failure phenomena, here we demonstrate that outside the localized regime, the load bearing capacity and damage tolerance on the macro-scale, and the statistics of clusters of failed nodes on the micro-scale obey scaling laws with exponents which depend on the topology of the load transmission network and on the degree of disorder of the strength of nodes. Most notably, we show that the spatial structure of damage governs the emergence of the localized to mean field transition: as the network gets gradually randomized failed clusters formed on locally regular patches merge through long range links generating a percolation like transition which reduces the load concentration on the network. The results may help to design network structures with an improved robustness against cascading failure.
It is generally accepted that conodonts went extinct at the end of the Triassic, but younger conodont fossils have been reported, and it is becoming clear that conodont extinction occurred asynchronously across different regions. Although some reports of post-Triassic conodonts have been disproven, Lower Jurassic conodonts have been found in the Buda area of Hungary and the Inuyama area of Japan. Here, we report the discovery of more conodonts Misikella posthernsteini above the first occurrence of the typical Jurassic radiolarian Pantanellium tanuense, which is not know from the Triassic, in the Kastuyama section, Inuyama area, reaffirming the authenticity of the Lower Jurassic conodonts. The conodonts survived into the Jurassic in the Inuyama area might be due to their remote locations relative to the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province, which buffered them from hypoxia and ocean acidification. Although conodont survived into the Lower Jurassic, they failed to recover and quickly went extinct in post-extinction ecosystems. The “dead clades walking” (DCWs) of conodont may have been due to protracted ocean acidification in the earliest Jurassic. Food scarcity and competition with other organisms may have led to the eventual extinction of conodonts.
Measuring quantum-statistical, femtoscopic (including final state interactions) momentum correlations with final state interactions in high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions reveal the space-time structure of the particle-emitting source created. In this paper, we report NA61/SHINE measurements of femtoscopic correlations of identified pion pairs and describe said correlations based on symmetric Lévy-type sources in Ar+Sc collisions at 150A GeV/c. We investigate the transverse mass dependence of the Lévy-type source parameters and discuss their possible interpretations.
Balázs Horváth, Norbert Szentandrássy, János Almássy
et al.
Late sodium current has long been linked to dysrhythmia and contractile malfunction in the heart. Despite the increasing body of accumulating information on the subject, our understanding of its role in normal or pathologic states is not complete. Even though the role of late sodium current in shaping action potential under physiologic circumstances is debated, it’s unquestioned role in arrhythmogenesis keeps it in the focus of research. Transgenic mouse models and isoform-specific pharmacological tools have proved useful in understanding the mechanism of late sodium current in health and disease. This review will outline the mechanism and function of cardiac late sodium current with special focus on the recent advances of the area.
This article continues the author’s paper The fibula production of Brigetio: clay moulds published in Dissertationes Archaeologicae 3.8 (2020). The main aim of this paper is the presentation of a model plus several semi-finished and waste fibulae from Brigetio, adding to our knowledge about the fibula production of this archaeological site.
By means of the shooting method together with the maximum principle and the Kneser–Hukahara continuum theorem, the authors present the existence, uniqueness and qualitative properties of solutions to nonlinear second-order boundary value problem on the semi-infinite interval of the following type:
$$
\begin{cases}
y''=f(x,y,y'),& x\in[0,\infty), \\
y'(0)=A,& y(\infty)=B
\end{cases}
$$
and
$$
\begin{cases}
y''=f(x,y,y'),& x\in[0,\infty), \\
y(0)=A,&y(\infty)=B,
\end{cases}
$$
where $A,B\in \mathbb{R}$, $f(x,y,z)$ is continuous on $[0,\infty)\times\mathbb{R}^2$. These results and the matching method are then applied to the search of solutions to the nonlinear second-order non-autonomous boundary value problem on the real line
$$
\begin{cases}
y''=f(x,y,y'), & x\in\mathbb{R} ,\\
y(-\infty)=A,& y(\infty)=B,
\end{cases}
$$
where $A\not=B$, $f(x,y,z)$ is continuous on $\mathbb{R}^3$. Moreover, some examples are given to illustrate the main results, in which a problem arising in the unsteady flow of power-law fluids is included.
This study aimed to investigate the impact of plant growth regulators, sucrose concentration, and the number of subcultures on axillary shoot multiplication, in vitro flowering, and somaclonal variation and to assess the phytochemical composition, antioxidant capacity, and enzyme inhibitory potential of in vitro-established callus, somaclonal variant, and normal green shoots of <i>Catharanthus roseus</i>. The highest shoot induction rate (95.8%) and highest number of shoots (23.6), with a mean length of 4.5 cm, were attained when the <i>C. roseus</i> nodal explants (0.6–1 cm in length) were cultivated in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 2 µM thidiazuron, 1 µM 2-(1-naphthyl) acetic acid (NAA), and 4% sucrose. The in vitro flowering of <i>C. roseus</i> was affected by sucrose, and the number of subcultures had a significant effect on shoot multiplication and somaclonal variation. The highest levels of phenolics and flavonoids were found in normal green shoots, followed by those in somaclonal variant shoots and callus. The phytochemicals in <i>C. roseus</i> extracts were qualified using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 39, 55, and 59 compounds were identified in the callus, somaclonal variant shoot, and normal green shoot tissues, respectively. The normal green shoot extracts exhibited the best free radical scavenging ability and reducing power activity. The strongest acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effects were found in the callus, with an IC50 of 0.65 mg/mL.
Anette Stájer, Szilvia Kajári, Márió Gajdács
et al.
The significant growth in scientific and technological advancements within the field of dentistry has resulted in a wide range of novel treatment modalities for dentists to use. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging, non-invasive treatment method, involving photosensitizers, light of a specific wavelength and the generation of singlet oxygen and reactive oxygen species (ROS) to eliminate unwanted eukaryotic cells (e.g., malignancies in the oral cavity) or pathogenic microorganisms. The aim of this review article is to summarize the history, general concepts, advantages and disadvantages of PDT and to provide examples for current indications of PDT in various subspecialties of dentistry (oral and maxillofacial surgery, oral medicine, endodontics, preventive dentistry, periodontology and implantology), in addition to presenting some images from our own experiences about the clinical success with PDT.
In the course of our research, we surveyed the educational programmes of the football academies of Hungary. We wished to reveal the educational aspects of the life of the students at the football academies. The purpose of our project is to comparatively analyse the formal and conceptual dimensions of the educational programmes of the academies through an analysis of the documents of the academies concerned. We also conducted semi-structured interviews with the heads of the social- and educational sections of the academies (N=6). We used the results of the interviews to check–confirm or refute–the results we found. We believe that the findings of our research make it possible for us to better understand the elements and value-based components of the educational dimensions of the football academies. In this way, our survey is similar to the projects of researchers who worked with local educational programmes (for example, Brezsnyánszky et al., 2000). As a conclusion of our research, we may point out that both the formal and conceptual dimensions of the educational programmes of the individual football academies are strongly heterogeneous, and the quality of their pedagogical programmes is often questionable. The results yielded by the analysis of the interviews suggest that although an educational-social department is present at each of the academies, some our former conclusions in connection with the general standards of the educational work were confirmed by the answers we received from our respondents. The academies, almost without an exception, produce their own educational programmes and carry out their educational work individually, and do not cooperate with the other institutions. There is, consequently, no uniform and standard educational work, and there is no professional documentation of the work going on either. In this way, the quality of educational work is not really able to improve.
Jelen tanulmányban a Debreceni Egyetemi Atlétikai Club labdarúgó mérkőzéseit látogatók motivációját vizsgáltuk. Kutatási módszerként kérdőívet használtunk, amelyben Kajos et al. (2017) SPEED-H skáláját is alkalmaztuk. A kérdőívet hólabda módszerrel online formában juttattuk el a célcsoporthoz, a minta nagysága 40 fő, akik nagyobbrészt a Debreceni Egyetem hallgatói, dolgozói. A válaszadók többsége 2-10 éve látogatja a DEAC mérkőzéseit. Az eredmények alapján megállapítható, hogy első alkalommal a sport szeretete miatt és a barátok hatására látogattak ki a DEAC mérkőzésére. A SPEED-H skála szerint a válaszadók számára legfőbb motiváló erővel a játék szépsége és izgalma rendelkezik.
The potential power provided and possibilities presented by computation graphs has steered most of the available modeling techniques to re-implementing, utilization and including the complex nature of System Biology (SB). To model the dynamics of cellular population, we need to study a plethora of scenarios ranging from cell differentiation to tumor growth and etcetera. Test and verification of a model in research means running the model multiple times with different or in some cases identical parameters, to see how the model interacts and if some of the outputs would change regarding different parameters. In this paper, we will describe the development and implementation of a new agent-based model using Python. The model can be executed using a development environment (based on Mesa, and extremely simplified for convenience) with different parameters. The result is collecting large sets of data, which will allow an in-depth analysis in the microenvironment of the tumor by the means of network analysis.
A measurement is presented of the associated production of a single top quark and a Z boson. The study uses data from proton–proton collisions at s=13TeV recorded by the CMS experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1. Using final states with three leptons (electrons or muons), the tZq production cross section is measured to be σ(pp→tZq→Wbℓ+ℓ−q)=123−31+33(stat)−23+29(syst)fb, where ℓ stands for electrons, muons, or τ leptons, with observed and expected significances of 3.7 and 3.1 standard deviations, respectively. Keywords: SM, Single top, Cross section, tZq
Quarks can be represented on the faces of the 3x3 Rubik's cube with the help of a symbolic representation of quarks and anti-quarks, that was delevoped originally for a deck of elementary particle cards, called Quark Matter Card Game. Cubing the cards leads to a model of the nearly perfect fluid of Quark Matter on Rubik's cube, or Qbe, which can be utilized to provide hands-on experience with the high entropy density, overall color neutrality and net baryon free, nearly perfect fluid nature of Quark Matter.
Name giving tendencies and strategies in short stories by Dezső Kosztolányi
When examining Kosztolányi’s short stories, as in the case of his novels, great importance should be attached to names and to comments made on names. Three distinct name giving strategies can be observed in Kosztolányi’s short stories, which, at the same time, can also be used as bases for comparison of the tendencies in name giving and name use in texts of different genres by the same author. Besides namelessness – which itself may fulfil different functions – two other tendencies seem to be relevant. One strategy uses the appellative meaning of the name as a stylistic and story organizing element; the other strategy relies on the basic and well-practised knowledge the reader has of names and name use, focusing attention directly without long explanations. The author emphasizes the well-known fact that names and name choice play an essential role in Kosztolányi’s works.
We discuss charm $D^0 D^0$ meson-meson pair production in the forward rapidity region related to the LHCb experimental studies at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV. We consider double-parton scattering mechanisms of double $c \bar c$ production and subsequent standard $cc \to D^{0}D^{0}$ scale-independent hadronization as well as new double $g$ and mixed $g c\bar c $ production mechanisms with $gg \to D^{0}D^{0}$ and $gc \to D^{0}D^{0}$ scale-dependent hadronization. The new scenario with gluon fragmentation components results also in a new single-parton scattering mechanism of $gg$ production which is also taken here into account. Results of the numerical calculations are compared with the LHCb data for several correlation observables. The new mechanisms lead to a larger cross sections and to slightly different shapes of the calculated correlation observables.