Hasil untuk "Bibliography. Library science. Information resources"

Auwalu Abdullahi Umar, Muneer Ahmad, Dr M Sadik Batcha

The significance of libraries in preserving and maintaining history and traditional culture cannot be overlooked. It is from this purpose that libraries are to envisage in their programmes cultural activities which must be collected, documented and preserved for posterity. The usefulness of preserved information lies in the fact that the generation to come will be able to establish their identity. This will also assist them with a foundation to build from. This study focus on the growth and development of Library and Culture research in forms of publications reflected in Web of Science database, during the span of 2010-2019. A total 890 publications were found and the highest 124 (13.93%) publications published in 2019.The analysis maps comprehensively the parameters of total output, growth of output, authorship, institution wise and country-level collaboration patterns, major contributors (individuals, top publication sources, institutions, and countries). It exposed that the most prolific author is Lo P secured first place by contributing 4 (0.45%) publications, followed by Bressan V 3 (0.34%) publications in Library and Culture literature. Journal of Academic Librarianship produced the highest number of records 29 (3.26%) followed by Australian Library Journal having contributed 21 (2.36%).It is identified the domination of Wuhan University; School Information Management had contributed 6 (0.67%) of total research output. Authors from USA published the highest number of publications with a total of 244 (27.42%), followed by UK and Australia with 118 (13.26%) and 76 (8.54%) publications were produced respectively.

Grace Wolf-Chase, Charles Kerton, Kathryn Devine et al.

We review participatory science programs that have contributed to the understanding of star formation. The Milky Way Project (MWP), one of the earliest participatory science projects launched on the Zooniverse platform, produced the largest catalog of ``bubbles'' associated with feedback from hot young stars to date, and enabled the identification of a new class of compact star-forming regions (SFRs) known as ``yellowballs'' (YBs). The analysis of YBs through their infrared colors and catalog cross-matching led to discovering that YBs are compact photodissociation regions generated by intermediate- and high-mass young stellar objects embedded in clumps that range in mass from 10 - 10,000 solar masses and luminosity from 10 - 1,000,000 solar luminosities. The MIRION catalog, assembled from 6176 YBs identified by citizen scientists, increases the number of candidate intermediate-mass SFRs by nearly two orders of magnitude. Ongoing work utilizing data from the Spitzer, Herschel and WISE missions involves analyzing infrared color trends to predict physical properties and ages of YB environments. Methods include applying summary statistics to histograms and color-color plots as well as SED fitting. Students in introductory astronomy classes contribute toward continued efforts refining photometric measurements of YBs while learning fundamental concepts in astronomy through a classroom-based participatory science experience, the PERYSCOPE project. We also describe an initiative that engaged seminaries, family groups, and interfaith communities in a wide variety of science projects on the Zooniverse platform. This initiative produced important guidance on attracting audiences that are underserved, underrepresented, or apprehensive about science.

Jatto Esther Oluwayemi, Tella Adeyinka

The purpose of the article is to provide information professionals, including librarians, with a better understanding of the concepts and potential applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in library services. Scientific novelty. The article provides an overview of the literature on the readiness to implement artificial intelligence in library practice. It will go over the components of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) model in connection with the management of library service delivery through AI tools. Lastly, a position on the preparedness of librarians for AI integration in university libraries will be adopted. Conclusions. The integration of artificial intelligence in Nigerian academic libraries is gaining momentum which has the potential to completely change how libraries function and provide services to their patrons. However, the readiness of librarians is crucial for successful implementation. This paper undertakes a review of the literature on how academic libraries in Nigeria are currently integrating AI and their readiness to use these tools. The results show that academic libraries in Nigeria are aware of the potential benefits of AI, but challenges like funding, infrastructure, and lack of expertise exist. To effectively use AI tools, librarians need to acquire new competencies and skills. Finally, the review offers suggestions for enhancing librarian readiness to fully exploit the potential of AI. In the Nigerian context, there is a notable scarcity of literature that has explored Librarians’ readiness to the adoption of artificial intelligence in an academic library: a literature review analysis of the current scope and necessary skills and competencies needed through qualitative research. As such, this study stands as a significant contribution to expanding our understanding of the topic.

Domas Kaunas

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Emma K. Dahl, Naomi Rowe-Gurney, Glenn S. Orton et al.

The Ice Giants represent a unique and relatively poorly characterized class of planets that have been largely unexplored since the brief Voyager 2 flyby in the late 1980's. Uranus is particularly enigmatic, due to its extreme axial tilt, offset magnetic field, apparent low heat budget, mysteriously cool stratosphere and warm thermosphere, as well as a lack of well-defined, long-lived storm systems and distinct atmospheric features. All these characteristics make Uranus a scientifically intriguing target, particularly for missions able to complete in situ measurements. The 2023-2032 Decadal Strategy for Planetary Science and Astrobiology prioritized a flagship orbiter and probe to explore Uranus with the intent to "...transform our knowledge of Ice Giants in general and the Uranian system in particular" (National Academies of Sciences and Medicine, 2022). In support of this recommendation, we present community-supported science questions, key measurements, and a suggested instrument suite that focuses on the exploration and characterization of the Uranian atmosphere by an in situ probe. The scope of these science questions encompasses the origin, evolution, and current processes that shape the Uranian atmosphere, and in turn the Uranian system overall. Addressing these questions will inform vital new insights about Uranus, Ice Giants and Gas Giants in general, the large population of Neptune-sized exoplanets, and the Solar System as a whole.

Gustavo Candela

GLAM organisations have been exploring the benefits of publishing their digital collections in a wide variety of forms since the 2000s. Many institutions, and in particular libraries, have adopted the Semantic Web and Linked Data principles to their main catalogues. Recent advances in technology and innovative approaches concerning the reuse of the digital collections by means of computational access have paved the way for the creation of Labs within GLAM organisations. In this work, we present a framework to transform the datasets made available by GLAM organisations under open licenses into LOD. The framework has been applied to three metadata datasets made available by the Data Foundry at the National Library of Scotland. The results of this work are publicly available and can be applied to other domains such as digital humanities and data science.

M. Nikhil Krishnan, Myna Vajha, Vinayak Ramkumar et al.

For a convolutional code in the presence of a symbol erasure channel, the information debt $I(t)$ at time $t$ provides a measure of the number of additional code symbols required to recover all message symbols up to time $t$. Information-debt-optimal streaming ($i$DOS) codes are convolutional codes which allow for the recovery of all message symbols up to $t$ whenever $I(t)$ turns zero under the following conditions; (i) information debt can be non-zero for at most $τ$ consecutive time slots and (ii) information debt never increases beyond a particular threshold. The existence of periodically-time-varying $i$DOS codes are known for all parameters. In this paper, we address the problem of constructing explicit, time-invariant $i$DOS codes. We present an explicit time-invariant construction of $i$DOS codes for the unit memory ($m=1$) case. It is also shown that a construction method for convolutional codes due to Almeida et al. leads to explicit time-invariant $i$DOS codes for all parameters. However, this general construction requires a larger field size than the first construction for the $m=1$ case.

Nnenda W. Tom-George

This study was carried out to establish relationships between library services and utilization of resources by undergraduates in the above geo-political regions. Correlational research design was used while an instrument titled ‘Library Services and Utilization of Resources by Undergraduate Students (LSURUSQ)’ was used for data collection. The population was 2910 registered users in Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences (2018/2019 session). The sample size was 400 determined by Taro Yamene statistical formula. The instrument was validated and its reliability confirmed using Cronbach Alpha Reliability Testing Technique. Three (3) research questions were answered and three (3) hypotheses tested. The findings revealed that utilization of library resources in these six institutions is considerably high and commendable. Effective utilization is recorded because of high quality of services carried out in these libraries. Findings from the study showed that there is a significant relationship between provision of circulation services and the utilization of resources by undergraduates in federal university libraries in South-South geo-political region of Nigeria (P=0.0008; p<0.05); there is significant relationship between provision of reference services and the utilization of resources by undergraduates in federal university libraries in South-South geo-political region Nigeria (P=0.026; p<0.05), amongst others. The study concluded that library services are very important for high quality of teaching and learning in higher institutions. The analyses showed a positive response from respondents concerning the services in the six university libraries. The study recommended training and retraining of library staff for more efficient services. It also recommended provision of more conducive working environment to enable the library staff discharge their duties more appropriately.

Sincia Anggaraini, Naqqiyah Nurrosyadah, Itoh Nur Sari et al.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana penyimpangan yang dilakukan siswa dalam menggunakan media sosial selama pembelajaran matematika di pembelajaran jarak jauh. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pendekatan analisis studi literatur. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat banyak penyimpangan yang dilakukan siswa, seperti membuka media sosial saat dalam proses pembelajaran, rendahnya minat belajar siswa karena kecanduan media sosial, dan lain-lain.

Ji Haixiang, Ren Nan

[Purpose/significance] This study explores the non content influencing factors of the video popularity of the typical bullet screen video website BiliBili website (hereinafter referred to as station B), and analyzes the possible impact on the video popularity from the perspectives of video attributes, the creator's platforms and social attributes, so as to provide some guidances for the future development of users and platforms of station B and other relevant new media video websites. [Method/process] The formation process model of video popularity was constructed based on 5W mode, and the influencing factor model of video popularity was constructed based on the popular three element theory. Through crawling objective data, the heat index was measured by principal component analysis, and the influencing factors were empirically studied by multiple regression. [Result/conclusion] The personal authentication, the number of fans and authentications of video creators and the length of the video description have a significant positive impact on the video popularity; The length of the video title has a significant negative impact on the video popularity. Videos released in the idle state of life are generally hot; And videos released in sleep, the overall heat is low.

Sandra Aya Enimil

Library Licensing: A Manual for Busy Librarians strives to help library staff comprehend library licenses for content and materials. It targets university librarians, but librarians who deal with licenses and agreements in other types of libraries will benefit from the information shared in this work. The book, written by two people (including one with a law degree) with experience at academic institutions, is a quick and straightforward read for librarians who may be new to reviewing contracts and provides thoughtful tips to more seasoned library professionals.

Sukanta Sanyal, Tanutrushna Panigrahi, Lipika Das

Short article with no abstract.

Григорий Львович Левин, Надежда Сергеевна Масловская

This article is devoted to the standardization of bibliographic terminology. All Soviet and Russian standards , containing the terms in the field of bibliography are considered. The characteristic of the structural and content changes are given. The results of the studying existing domestic SIBID standards, including bibliographic terms are presented. The analysis of their content is carried out, approaches to systematization and terms definition are studied. The development of standardized bibliographic terms were traced through the normative documents. It is concluded that a number of terms are present in the two standards and have different definitions. At the same time, they have not been abolished, that leads to conflicting interpretations in various fields of activity. The lack of bibliographic terms that take into account the features of modern information and communication technologies is indicated. The content of these existing standards is illustrated by specific examples, that today certainly need to be updated. As a result, it was found that the basic standards reflecting the bibliographic terminology are largely outdated and do not correspond to the conceptual apparatus of modern library and information science and practice. The need to develop a national standard «Library and information activities. Terms and definitions» in which is proposed to include only general concepts relevant to the field of bibliography, becomes evident. At the same time, a specialized national standard “Bibliographing. Bibliographic resources. Terms and definitions», that should accumulate all the terms that reflect the processes of creating bibliographic information (bibliography, a special case of which is cataloguing) and diverse forms and types of its existence (bibliographic record, bibliographic reference, bibliographic resource), is being developed. The key term is “bibliographic resource” – the term, which has never been presented in the SIBID terminology standards before. An attention to the controversial issues of terminology is paid. The structure of the standard under development is proposed.

Fabiana Sala, Fernando Cruz Lopes, Gisele Aparecida Ribeiro Sanches et al.

A pandemia estabelecida pelo novo Coronavírus traz à tona reflexões sobre o papel mediador das bibliotecas universitárias. Neste contexto, busca-se identificar as bibliotecas universitárias como mediadoras de informação e promotoras do acesso à informação no combate à COVID-19. É uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, exploratória e descritiva, com pesquisa documental e a realização de revisão bibliográfica no âmbito da mediação da informação, desinformação e novas posturas no acesso à informação, frente à crise mundial. Buscou-se ainda em sites e redes sociais das Bibliotecas da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP) e Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) informações sobre a COVID-19 aos usuários. Os resultados sugerem que o rigor dos sites podem ser um impeditivo para a disseminação de informação em momentos como o de pandemia, que pedem soluções mais rápidas e eficientes, que as redes sociais são uma alternativa à rigidez do site, pois a forma de utilização não esbarra nas relações entre setores administrativos. Indicam ainda, que o Facebook é a rede social mais utilizada pelas bibliotecas, e o Instagram a menos utilizada. Como considerações, tem-se que a COVID-19 evidenciou novas demandas e as bibliotecas, enquanto equipamentos de transformação social, precisam se adaptar para atender às expectativas de sua comunidade. Contudo, no contexto em que vive-se uma pandemia as bibliotecas necessitam refletir e adotar posturas inovadoras no acesso à informação.

Kaisla Kajava, Emily Öhman, Piao Hui et al.

This paper is a pilot study that aims to explore the viability of annotation projection from one language to another as well as to evaluate the multilingual data set we have created for emotion analysis. We study different language pairs based on parallel corpora for sentiment and emotion annotations and explore annotator agreement. We show that the data source is a possible one for reliable L1 data to be used in annotation projection from high-resource languages, such as English, into low-resource languages and that this is a reliable way of creating data sets for fine-grained sentiment analysis and emotion detection.

Cindy L. Young, Michael H. Wong, Kunio M. Sayanagi et al.

The National Academy Committee on Astrobiology and Planetary Science (CAPS) made a recommendation to study a large/medium-class dedicated space telescope for planetary science, going beyond the Discovery-class dedicated planetary space telescope endorsed in Visions and Voyages. Such a telescope would observe targets across the entire solar system, engaging a broad spectrum of the science community. It would ensure that the high-resolution, high-sensitivity observations of the solar system in visible and UV wavelengths revolutionized by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) could be extended. A dedicated telescope for solar system science would: (a) transform our understanding of time-dependent phenomena in our solar system that cannot be studied currently under programs to observe and visit new targets and (b) enable a comprehensive survey and spectral characterization of minor bodies across the solar system, which requires a large time allocation not supported by existing facilities. The time-domain phenomena to be explored are critically reliant on high spatial resolution UV-visible observations. This paper presents science themes and key questions that require a long-lasting space telescope dedicated to planetary science that can capture high-quality, consistent data at the required cadences that are free from effects of the terrestrial atmosphere and differences across observing facilities. Such a telescope would have excellent synergy with astrophysical facilities by placing planetary discoveries made by astrophysics assets in temporal context, as well as triggering detailed follow-up observations using larger telescopes. The telescope would support future missions to the Ice Giants, Ocean Worlds, and minor bodies across the solar system by placing the results of such targeted missions in the context of longer records of temporal activities and larger sample populations.

Poltavets Serhii

The article is concerned with the implementation of the local government reforms initiated by the presidents of Ukraine. Reaction of society and political elites to the proposed transformations made via different groups of communication channels is traced. The approaches used by reform initiators for popularization and explanation of the need for changes are denoted. The contradictions in the current system of separation of powers became a significant obstacle for state institutions to perform their functions effectively on both the regional and national levels. The presidents of Ukraine considered the local government reforms as one of the most important systematic changes, which are still urgent up to date. The main stages of administrative reforms in Ukraine that had been implementing but unfortunately in the most cases hasn’t been introduced, prove that one of the main obstacles, except for the clear sabotage of reforms by political elites and various pressure groups, is that Ukrainian citizens have no awareness of the expediency and urgency for such transformations.

Wensheng Gan, Jerry Chun-Wei Lin, Jiexiong Zhang et al.

Utility is an important concept in economics. A variety of applications consider utility in real-life situations, which has lead to the emergence of utility-oriented mining (also called utility mining) in the recent decade. Utility mining has attracted a great amount of attention, but most of the existing studies have been developed to deal with itemset-based data. Time-ordered sequence data is more commonly seen in real-world situations, which is different from itemset-based data. Since they are time-consuming and require large amount of memory usage, current utility mining algorithms still have limitations when dealing with sequence data. In addition, the mining efficiency of utility mining on sequence data still needs to be improved, especially for long sequences or when there is a low minimum utility threshold. In this paper, we propose an efficient Projection-based Utility Mining (ProUM) approach to discover high-utility sequential patterns from sequence data. The utility-array structure is designed to store the necessary information of the sequence-order and utility. ProUM can significantly improve the mining efficiency by utilizing the projection technique in generating utility-array, and it effectively reduces the memory consumption. Furthermore, a new upper bound named sequence extension utility is proposed and several pruning strategies are further applied to improve the efficiency of ProUM. By taking utility theory into account, the derived high-utility sequential patterns have more insightful and interesting information than other kinds of patterns. Experimental results showed that the proposed ProUM algorithm significantly outperformed the state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of execution time, memory usage, and scalability.

Thomas Hervé Mboa Nkoudou

RESUMO O objetivo deste artigo é explorar os benefícios do e as críticas ao movimento maker, na perspectiva de sua adoção no contexto africano. O método usado foi a revisão da literatura, que revela que o movimento maker está incorporado à ética maker, ao DIY e a ideologias de software livre. Essas ideologias trazem valores como abertura, compartilhamento, inclusão, democratização e colaboração, que são o âmago dos benefícios sociais, políticos e econômicos do movimento maker. Mesmo que esses benefícios estejam infiltrados pelo capitalismo, a busca da justiça cognitiva e a filosofia do Commons parecem ser as ferramentas epistemológicas certas para a adoção do movimento maker na África. Palavras-chave: Movimento Maker; Justiça Cognitiva; Commons; Hackerspace; DIY.     ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to explore benefits and critics of the maker movement, in the perspective of its adoption in African context. The method used is a literature review, which reveals that the maker movement is embodied in hacker ethics, DIY and free software ideologies. These ideologies bring values like openness, sharing, inclusion, democratization, and collaboration which are the core of the social, economic and political benefits of the maker movement. Even if these benefits are infiltrated by capitalism, the quest of cognitive justice and the Commons philosophy, seems to be the right epistemological tools for the adoption of the maker movement in Africa.    Keywords: Maker Movement; Cognitive Justice; Commons; Hackerspace; DIY.

Kevin R. Moon, Kumar Sricharan, Alfred O. Hero

Mutual information is a measure of the dependence between random variables that has been used successfully in myriad applications in many fields. Generalized mutual information measures that go beyond classical Shannon mutual information have also received much interest in these applications. We derive the mean squared error convergence rates of kernel density-based plug-in estimators of general mutual information measures between two multidimensional random variables $\mathbf{X}$ and $\mathbf{Y}$ for two cases: 1) $\mathbf{X}$ and $\mathbf{Y}$ are continuous; 2) $\mathbf{X}$ and $\mathbf{Y}$ may have any mixture of discrete and continuous components. Using the derived rates, we propose an ensemble estimator of these information measures called GENIE by taking a weighted sum of the plug-in estimators with varied bandwidths. The resulting ensemble estimators achieve the $1/N$ parametric mean squared error convergence rate when the conditional densities of the continuous variables are sufficiently smooth. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first nonparametric mutual information estimator known to achieve the parametric convergence rate for the mixture case, which frequently arises in applications (e.g. variable selection in classification). The estimator is simple to implement and it uses the solution to an offline convex optimization problem and simple plug-in estimators. A central limit theorem is also derived for the ensemble estimators and minimax rates are derived for the continuous case. We demonstrate the ensemble estimator for the mixed case on simulated data and apply the proposed estimator to analyze gene relationships in single cell data.