Cet article explore la circulation et la réécriture du texte Hydriotaphia, Urn Burial (1658) de Sir Thomas Browne à travers ses traductions en espagnol réalisées par Jorge Luis Borges et Adolfo Bioy Casares (1944), puis par Javier Marías (1984). Le texte de Browne, superbe méditation sur la finitude de l’homme et les pratiques funéraires, est paradoxalement plus influent que connu, souvent cité mais peu lu. L’article examine comment Hydriotaphia, tout en restant dans une forme d’« agonie », survit et renaît à travers ses traductions successives. La traduction, loin d’être un simple processus de transfert linguistique, est ici envisagée comme un facteur vital de la pérennité d’un texte, une métempsycose contribuant à son renouvellement et à son inscription dans de nouveaux contextes littéraires. À travers une analyse comparée du Ve chapitre du texte, l’article interroge la manière dont la traduction peut « augmenter » et « continuer » un texte, tel que le concevait J. L. Borges.
The efficiency and maneuverability that highly compliant, multiple degree of freedom fins lend to fish swimming is attractive to the development of a next generation propulsor for autonomous underwater vehicles. A critical component in the production and modulation of fin motions and forces is the sensorimotor system driving the fin; unfortunately little is known about the structures, organization and integration of this system. A biorobotic platform is proposed for the use in bluegill sunfish pectoral fin sensorimotor studies in conjunction with biological and neurobiological efforts. In order for a biorobotic platform to be an appropriate tool for sensorimotor studies, it must be capable of operating on par with the bluegill sunfish. The development of this biorobotic platform is based on multiple biorobotic pectoral fin prototypes that were proven capable of generating the motions, forces, and flows characteristic of individual gaits performed by the bluegill sunfish. This new platform integrates these prototypes to be capable of all the gaits studied and, with the appropriate motions, forces and flows generated, is providing the appropriate hydrodynamic information available to the biological sensory system. A preliminary sensory system, consisting of pressure sensors approximating the biological lateral line, and strain gauges approximating nerves intrinsic to the pectoral fin, captures some of this hydrodynamic information. This sensory information is correlated to propulsive force data to begin to formulate relationships between the production of force and sensor outputs; relationships that the biological entity may use for fin sensori-motor control. Initial results indicate that fin curvature may be an indicator of the direction of propulsive force generation and pressure may be an indicator of generated force magnitude and flow speed, but that more sensors and testing are necessary to completely reveal the complicated relationships between the sensory data and the generation of propulsive force. The initial set of data has revealed a clear path forward for future experimentation, and the performance of the test apparatus during experimentation indicates that the core design is sufficient for continued testing. As additional sensors are implemented and future testing is completed, a somatosensory map will be realized that will allow for the estimation of the fin-generated force direction and magnitude; this information is crucial to the development of a successful closed-loop fin control structure.
Public relations in Libya is very much a new phenomenon, even compared with other Arab countries, although there are PR practices growing in tandem with some large local businesses and organisations. Based on the assumption that PR continues to play a vital role in communities and businesses, it is important to reconsider and evaluate its practices regularly, especially in terms of teaching and skills (including its curriculum). This study explores the quality of the educational PR curriculum, training and taught courses in Libyan universities by focusing on the perceptions of Libyan PR’s academic professionals and senior PR students, covering roughly more than a quarter-century of teaching at undergraduate and postgraduate levels. It examines how university PR students are taught, what strategies and modules are applied and how professionals and students evaluate the PR curriculum and their practical advantages. Based on a survey (N=367) and interview (N=15) approach, the overall findings revealed that the PR curriculum needed to be updated and that PR should be recognised as a practical, not a theoretical, subject and should have its own union helping to provide more training programmes in an updated setting.
We present the results of the tree-level calculation of deep-inelastic leptoproduction, including polarization of target hadron and produced hadron. We also discuss the dependence on transverse momenta of the quarks, which leads to azimuthal asymmetries for the produced hadrons.
The design of high quality factor (Q) optical cavities in two dimensional photonic crystal (PC) slab waveguides based upon a momentum space picture is presented. The results of a symmetry analysis of defect modes in hexagonal and square host photonic lattices are used to determine cavity geometries that produce modes which by their very symmetry reduce the vertical radiation loss from the PC slab. Further improvements in the Q are achieved through tailoring of the defect geometry in Fourier space to limit coupling between the dominant momentum components of a given defect mode and those momentum components which are either not reflected by the PC mirror or which lie within the radiation cone of the cladding surrounding the PC slab. Numerical investigations using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method predict that radiation losses can be significantly suppressed through these methods, culminating with a graded square lattice design whose total Q approaches 10;5 with a mode volume of approximately 0.25 cubic half-wavelengths in vacuum.
Abstract Maxwell's first derivation of the equilibrium distribution function for a dilute gas is generalized in the spirit of the nonextensive q-statistics proposed by Tsallis. As an application, the q-Doppler broadening of spectral lines due to the random thermal motion of the radiating atoms is derived.
Over the past two decades, genetic dissection of complex phenotypes of economic and biological interest has revealed the chromosomal locations of many quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in rice and their contributions to phenotypic variation. Mapping resolution has varied considerably among QTL studies owing to differences in population size and number of DNA markers used. Additionally, the same QTLs have often been reported with different locus designations. This situation has made it difficult to determine allelic relationships among QTLs and to compare their positions. To facilitate reliable comparisons of rice QTLs, we extracted QTL information from published research papers and constructed a database of 1,051 representative QTLs, which we classified into 21 trait categories. This database (QTL Annotation Rice Online database; Q-TARO, http://qtaro.abr.affrc.go.jp/) consists of two web interfaces. One interface is a table containing information on the mapping of each QTL and its genetic parameters. The other interface is a genome viewer for viewing genomic locations of the QTLs. Q-TARO clearly displays the co-localization of QTLs and distribution of QTL clusters on the rice genome.